Brian Streit

Math 2451

Section 1.2 Selected Solutions

u
4. Since v = kuk we have

2 qp p p
u u kuk
uv= = = kuk = ( 3)2 + ( 315)2 + (22)2 = 3 + 99225 + 484 = 99712:
kuk kuk

6. Since u = 15i 2j + 4k and v = i + 3j k we have

p p p
kuk = (15)2 + ( 2)2 + (4)2 = 225 + 4 + 16 = 245;
p p
kvk = ( )2 + (3)2 + ( 1)2 = 2 + 10;

and,
u v =(15)( ) + ( 2)(3) + (4)( 1) = 15 10:

uv
14. The projection of u onto v is de…ned as projv u = kvk2
v. Therefore,
we must compute
2
kvk = (2)2 + (1)2 + ( 3)2 = 14
and
u v =( 1)(2) + (1)(1) + (1)( 3) = 4
uv 4 2 4 2
to …nd that projv u = kvk2
v = 14 v = 7 (2i +j 3k) = 7i 7j + 67 k.

16. Given 2i + bj;

(a) 3i+2j+k is orthogonal to 2i+bj , (2i+bj) ( 3i+2j+k) = 0 , b = 3.
(b) k is orthogonal to 2i + bj , (2i + bj) (k) = 0. But this is true for any
choice of b so there is no restriction on b:

17. Observe that (1; 1; 0) and (0; 1; 1) are both orthogonal to (1; 1; 1) as

(1; 1; 0) (1; 1; 1) = 1 1+0=0

and
(0; 1; 1) (1; 1; 1) = 0 1 + 1 = 0:
Furthermore,

1 (1; 1; 0) (0; 1; 1) 1 1
= cos ( ) = cos ( );
k(1; 1; 0)k k(0; 1; 1)k 2

1
which does not equal k for any k 2 Z, so (1; 1; 0) and (0; 1; 1) are not
parallel.

18. A vector parallel to the given line is u = (1; 1; 1). A parameterized

vector pointing from (3; 1; 2) to our line is

v(t) = (t 1; t 2; t 1) (3; 1; 2) = (t 4; t 3; t + 1):

Now, u is perpendicular to v(t) if and only if

u v=0,t 4+t 3 + t + 1 = 0 , t = 2:

So v(2) = ( 2; 1; 3) is perpendicular to u and, therefore, is in the direction

of our desired line. Since the direction of our desired line is v(2) = ( 2; 1; 3)
and (3; 1; 2) is a point on the line, the equation of the line is l(s) = (3; 1; 2) +
s( 2; 1; 3) = (3 2s; 1 s; 2 + 3s):