Brian Streit

Math 2451

Section 7.1 Selected Solutions

1. If f (x; y; z) = y and c (t) = (0; 0; t) ; 0 t 1 then

Z Z1
f ds = f (c (t)) kc0 (t)k dt = 0
c 0

since f (c (t)) = f (0; 0; t) = 0.

2. (a) If f (x; y; z) = x + y + z and c (t) = (sin t; cos t; t) ; 0 t 2 then

Z Z2
f ds = f (c (t)) kc0 (t)k dt:
c 0

We compute c0 (t) = (cos t; sin t; 1) so

p p
kc0 (t)k = cos2 t + sin2 t + 1 = 2:

Also
f (c (t)) = sin t + cos t + t
so that
Z p Z
2
p p
t2 2 2
f ds = 2 (sin t + cos t + t) dt = 2 cos t + sin t + j =2 2:
2 0
c 0

(b) If f (x; y; z) = cos z and c (t) = (sin t; cos t; t) ; 0 t 2 then

f (c (t)) = cos t

so
Z p Z
2

f ds = 2 (cos t) dt = 0:
c 0

p
3. (a) If f (x; y; z) = exp z and c (t) = 1; 2; t2 ; t 2 [0; 1] then

Z Z1
f ds = f (c (t)) kc0 (t)k dt:
c 0

1
We compute c0 (t) = (0; 0; 2t) so kc0 (t)k = 2t. Also f (c (t)) = et so that

Z Z1
f ds = 2 tet dt:
c 0

Let u = t and dv = et . We integrate by parts to obtain

Z1
2 tet dt = 2 tet et j10 = 2:
0

(b) Suppose f (x; y; z) = yz and c (t) = (t; 3t; 2t) ; t 2 [1; 3]. We compute
c0 (t) = (1; 3; 2) so that
p p
kc0 (t)k = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14:

Also f (c (t)) = 6t2 so that

Z p Z 2
3
p
f ds = 6 14 t dt = 52 14:
c 1

4. (a) Suppose f (x; y; z) = x cos z and c (t) = t; t2 ; 0 ; t 2 [0; 1]. We

p
compute c0 (t) = (1; 2t; 0) so that kc0 (t)k = 1 + 4t2 . Also f (c (t)) = t so that

Z Z1 p
f ds = t 1 + 4t2 dt:
c 0

Let u = 1 + 4t2 so du = 8tdt which gives us

Z5 3 p
1 p u2 5 5 5 1
udu = j = :
8 12 1 12
1

1 3
(b) Suppose f (x; y; z) = (x + y) (y + z) and c (t) = t; 23 t 2 ; t ; t 2 [1; 2].
p p
We compute c0 (t) = 1; t; 1 so that kc0 (t)k = 2 + t. Also
3
t + 23 t 2
f (c (t)) = 2 32
= 1:
3t +t

so that
Z Z2 p
p 2 3 16 6 3
2 2
f ds = 2 + tdt = (2 + t) j1 = :
3 3
c 1

2
 5. (a) Let f : R3 nfxz planeg ! R be de…ned by f (x; y; z) = y13 and let
c : [1; e] ! R3 be de…ned by c (t) = (log t; t; 2). We …nd c0 (t) = 1t ; 1; 0 and
r
1 1p
kc0 (t)k = 2
+1= 1 + t2 :
t t
3
Also f (c (t)) = t so
Z Ze p
4
f ds = t 1 + t2 dt:
c 1
Let t = tan so that
1 1 1
tanZ (e)p tanZ (e) tanZ (e)
2 3
1 + tan 2 sec cos
sec d = d = d :
tan4 tan4 sin4
4 4 4

1
Let u = sin . Since = tan (e) we have tan = e so from trig we see that
sin = pee2 +1 . Therefore
p e
1
tanZ (e) Ze2 +1 p e 3 3
cos 1 4 1 3 2 +1 1 e 1 1
d = u du = u j p1 e = p + p :
sin4 3 3 2 3 e2 + 1 3 2
p1
4 2

But r !
e
1
e2 + 1 p
p = = 1+e 2
e2 + 1 e2
so
Z 3
2
3
2
22 1+e
f ds = .
3
c

6. (a) Suppose a path c is given in polar coordinates by r = r ( ) ; 1

2. So c ( ) = (x ( ) ; y ( )) = (r ( ) cos ; r ( ) sin ). Then for some function
f (x; y) along c we have
Z Z2
f ds = f (r cos ; r sin ) kc0 ( )k d :
c 1

We …nd that
c0 ( ) = (r0 cos r sin ; r0 sin + r cos )
so
q
0 2 2
kc ( )k = (r0 cos r sin ) + (r0 sin + r cos )
q
2 2
= (r0 ) cos2 + r2 sin2 2r0 r cos sin + (r0 ) sin2 + r2 cos2 + 2r0 r cos sin
q q
2 2 2 2 2
= (r ) cos + r sin + (r ) sin + r cos = (r0 ) + r2 :
0 2 2 0 2 2

3
Therefore s
Z Z2 2
dr
f ds = f (r cos ; r sin ) + r2 d :
d
c 1

(b) To compute the arc length l we let f = 1 and compute r0 = r sin so that
our desired length is
3
Z2 p Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
2 2 2
r + r sin d = r jcos j d = r cos d r cos d +r cos d = 4r:
0 0 0 2
3
2

12. (a) De…ne the path c (t) = (t; f (t)) ; t 2 [a; b]. By de…nition of arc
length, l (c) is the length of the graph of f on [a; b] and is given by

Zb Zb q
0 2
kc (t)k dt = 1 + [f 0 (t)] dt:
a a

(b) Given y = log x, 1 x 2 we compute the length of the graph as

Z2 r Z2 p
1 t2 + 1
1 + 2 dt = dt:
t t
1 1

Using the integral formula

Z p p
p
x2 + a2 a+ x2 + a2
dx = x2 + a2 a log
x x

with a = 1, we obtain

Z2 p p
p
t2 + 1 1 + t2 + 1 2 p p p p
dt = t2 + 1 log j1 = 5 log 1 + 5 +log 2 2+log 1 + 2 :
t t
1

15. The path integral is

Z Zb q
2 2 2
f ds = (x (t) ; y (t) ; z (t)) [x0 (t)] + [y 0 (t)] + [z 0 (t)] dt
c a
n
X1 q
2 2 2
= lim x (ti ) y (ti ) [x (ti+1 ) x (ti )] + [y (ti+1 ) y (ti )] + [z (ti+1 ) z (ti )] :
n!1
i=1

4
Here we need to choose x (t) ; y (t), and z (t) such that this expression agrees
with the given expression,
n
X1 2
lim (ti ) t2i+1 t2i :
n!1
i=1

Choosing x (t) = t2 , y (t) = 1, and z (t) = 0 makes the expressions agree. To

evaluate the integral, we compute

Z Z1 Z1 p Z1
1
f ds = xyds = t 4t2 dt = 2 t3 dt = :
2
2
c 0 0 0