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Motivation is a psychological phenomenon, which arises from the feeling of needs & wants of individuals.
It causes goal directed behaviour.
Definition
Motivation may be defined as the process of stimulating people to action, to accomplish desired goals.
Motivation is defined as an internal drive that activates behavior and gives it direction.
Direction
• Direction: toward beneficial goal
Drives
Deciding
Efforts
Goal
Goal Conflict
Importance of Motivation
A positive motivation philosophy and practice should improve "productivity, quality and service”
Motivation helps people to:
Achieve goals
Gain a positive perspective
Create the power to change
Build self-esteem and capability
Manage their own development and also help others
Improves efficiency
Creates friendly relationships
Motives
Acc. To Smith
“Motive is a drive that motivates an individual to take the action he believes will satisfy his needs.”
Classification of Motives
Primary Motives: These needs arises out of the basic psychology of life & are important for the
survival of a man.
Egs. Hunger, thirst, air
Secondary Motives: These needs are related to mind. This develops as one matures.
Egs. Belongingness, self esteem
This varies according to people.
Theories of Motivation
1. Content Theories:
1. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
2. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
3. Alderfer ERG Theory
2. Process Theories
1. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
2. Porter Lawler Model
3. Contemporary Theories
1. Equity Theory of Work Motivation
2. McClelland’s Needs Theory
1. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
• Physiological: the need for food, sleep,
water, air, and sex
Maslow’s
Hierarchy • Security: the need for safety, family,
of Needs Self stability, and economic security
Esteem • Social or affiliation: the need to belong,
to interact with others, to have friends,
Social and to love and be loved
Hygiene
Separate constructs Motivators:
Factors:
Hygiene Factors---
•Achievement
•Salary Related to Dissatisfaction
•Responsibility
•Work Motivation Factors---
Conditions Related to Satisfaction •Growth
•Company
Policies