Report No : 01

Module Code : EE4005

Module Title : Power Station Practice
Name of the lecturer : Eng. D. S. T. Jayakody
Date of submission : 18/06/2018

REPORT ON THE FIELD VISIT TO THE

SOJITZ KELANITISSA POWER STATION

NAME : G. G. K. M. Ginnaliya
INDEX NO : 150455
Grad/Dip

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Contents
1. Technical details ..................................................................................................... 3

2. Current status of the power plant ............................................................................ 5

3. Details of the Equipments ....................................................................................... 5

Gas Turbine..................................................................................................................... 5

Steam Turbine ................................................................................................................. 6

HRSG .............................................................................................................................. 6

4.

Colling Arangment of the Alternator .......................................................................... 6

What is the Voltage generated by the alternator ............................................................. 6

What is the Alternator grounding method-? ................................................................... 6

What is the Excitation system and AVR system? .......................................................... 7

5. Applicable thermodynamic cycle ........................................................................... 7

Rankine cycle .................................................................................................................. 7

Brayton cycle .................................................................................................................. 9

6. Different circuits in the power station .................................................................... 9

7. Types of overhauls and their frequencies . .............................................................. 9

8. Three types of overhauls are conducted and their frequencies ............................ 10

9. Power plant Dispatch and payment methodes ...................................................... 11

10.Management Structure . ......................................................................................... 12

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Chapter 1 Technical details

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2.
The current status of the power plant is not generating electricity but it is available, because of it is
undergoing few repairs on cooling tower, condenser water inlet valve and steam divert valve.

3.
Gas Turbine
 Fuel system- Diesel
 Starter -electric motor 1.66Kw, 6.6kV
 Compressor/turbine cleaning -on and off line compressor water wash and offline
turbine washing
 Air filtration -self cleaning
 Fire protection -high pressure co2
 working principle -Brayton cycle
 compressor - 17 stages
 Nos. of combustion chambers -14
 Nos. of flame detectors -4 at (4,5,10,11 Nozzles)
 Nos. of spark plugs -3 at (13,14 Nozzles)
 Air flow adjustments - IGV

Control modes of the gas turbine

 Start up
 Speed
 Acceleration
 Synchronization
 Temperature control

Connected Components of the gas turbine

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Steam Turbine

HRSG
The main purpose of HRSG is to recover exhaust hot gas flow from gas turbine and to produce steam
which can be used to drive the steam turbine. There are different types of HRSG, but in Sojitz
Kelanitissa Power Plant used vertical HRSG for archiving several benefits. The HRSG comprise with
the three sections: low low pressure (LLP) low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP), which increases
the plant thermal efficiency. Each section has an evaporator and a steam drum at that place water is
converted to steam. That steam is passes through the superheaters to increase the temperature and
pressure of the steam. The temperature at bottom of the HRSG is 5400c and it is gradually reduced to
1430c at the upper part of the HRSG.

4.
What is the Voltage generated by the alternator-

 10.5kV
What is the cooling arrangement for the alternator?
– An Air cooling system is functioned to cool the alternator for quilt working conditions.
What is the Alternator grounding method-?
 Impedance grounding
Where an intentional impedance, resistance or reactance, is inserted in the ground circuit.

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What is the Excitation system and AVR system?
 Brush less excitation (PMG)
Brushless excitation system consists of two parts.

I. Pilot excitor
II. Main excitor

Pilot excitor is permanent magnet generator (PMG) which is mounted on the rotor shaft and
Armature winding is a stationary part. There create flux due to rotation of the rotor, and that flux
linkage in the armature winding therefore there induces the EMF across armature of pilot excitor.
AC power from pilot excitor is then rectified by Thyrister Bridge. This DC is feed to six pole field
winding of main excitor. The induced AC power is then converted by Diode Bridge, which
mounted on the rotor shaft. The generator field current (excitation) is controlled by the thyrister
rectifier. (AVR).

5. Applicable thermodynamic cycle

Rankine cycle

The Rankine cycle closely describes the process by which steam-operated heat engines commonly
found in thermal power generation plants generate power. The heat sources used in these power plants
are usually nuclear fission or the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil.
The efficiency of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization of the working fluid.
Also, unless the pressure and temperature reach super critical levels in the steam boiler, the
temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small
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 Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid is a liquid
at this stage, the pump requires little input energy.
 Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure
by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor

 Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating power. This
decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapour, and some condensation may occur.

 Process 4-1: The wet vapour then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant
pressure to become a saturated liquid.

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Brayton cycle

A Brayton cycle is a type of power cycle that utilizes an ideal gas, most commonly air, to generate
power from a type of fuel used to heat the air. The process, starting from step 1: It uses a compressor
leading into a combuster (2 -> 3), then drops the pressure and temperature through a turbine (3 ->4),
producing work. Some of this work is used to power the compressor, but not all. Then, a second heat
exchanger removes heat and sends the cooler air back into the compressor ( 1-> 4)

6.
Fuel forwarding circuit, Boiler steam circuit , Feed water circuit , Gas turbine ,Air intake, Alternator
output power circuit , Alternator excitation power circuit ,Auxiliary power circuits

7.
This power plant is designed to control the NOx gases by injecting steam into the combustion
chambers. By injecting steam into the combustor with the fuel, the peak temperature in the local,
stoichiometric flamelets is reduced, and the production of NOx is limited. And also as a result of this
process the overall efficiency of the power plant is gets reduced therefore at this time power plant is
not proceeding this method.

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 8. Three types of overhauls are conducted and their frequencies are estimated by equivalent operating
hours (EOH) and number of start-ups that power plant is undergone.
Overhauls in High pressure turbine and Low pressure turbine are categorised into Major inspection.

And predictive maintenance are, monitors online Vibrations and thermography on turbines and
generators.

Type of Inspection EOH Number of Start ups

Combustion Inspection 8000 375

Hot Gas Path Inspection 24000 900

Major Inspection 48000 1800

1. HP turbine 94
15-1
2. LP turbine

Inspection points on HP and LP Turbines

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9.
Thermal plants were dispatched according to the economic loading order. Therefore this power plant is
also dispatched according to the economic loading order. Unit generation cost of each plant which
reflects fuel price was calculated.

To load the i th thermal generator, maximum load share of ith plant has to be less than or equal to the
total demand requirement of the system. Also maximum load share of ith plant’s single generator has
to be less than or equal to the 20% of off peak demand of the system.
Following graph shows the comparison of power plant dispatching including Sojitz- Kelanitissa
combined cycle power station with reference to PUCSL.

Payments are made in main three tariff categories which are;

 Energy Charges
 Capacity Charges
 Allowances

Energy Charges and Capacity Charges are paid in two components; DECmcc and RECmcc

DECmcc -Dollar component of the Energy Charge payable for that Month m
expressed in US Dollars
RECmcc - the Rupee component of the Energy Charge payment expressed in Rs

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 10.

This power station organizational structure is a standard hierarchical method of managing a company.
It separates the top level decision makers, the board of directors, General Manager, deputy general
manager. From the bottom level staff by middle layer of management, Deputy Plant manager,
Maintenance manager and operation manger. Those who made day to day decisions and lead lower
staff to them. And the bottom level of staff of engineers those who operate the power plant and make
engineering solutions.

Abbreviations
E&I: Electrical & Instrumental CR: Control Room SAA: Senior Administration Assistant
MM : Mechanical Maintenance PB : Power Block Perf. Eng.: Performance Engineer
SC Eng. : Shift Charge Engineer TL : Team Leader EHS Eng. : EHS Engineer
BOP: Balance of Plant PE: Plant Engineer CR Eng. : CR Engineer AA : Administration Assistant

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