TOPIC: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

MSc.ING. Alfonso G. HUAMAN

STUDENT: SOTO ADRIAN MANSILLA ANOTNY CODE: 20150192G

Sedimentary rocks:
1.1 The formations of sedimentary rocks comprise three stages. GENESIS.
DIAGENESIS.CATAGENESIS
The training process: Includes denudation, transport, accumulation. In which they are deposited
slowly and recrystallization of minerals Beginning at least stable this is known as diagenesis.
Compaction is then reduced pore spaces then give rise to cementation where sediments become
rock occurs. In groundwater will transport ions in solution. Giving you the precipitation of
minerals
1.2 Composition of sedimentary rocks
sandstones
Arenita 93.13%, 75.57% arcosa, grauwacka 64.7%, 76.84% subgrauwacka
Arcosa composition: quartz 57%, 24% microcline, plagioclase 6%, 3% and micas clay 9%
Grauwacka composition: 54.2% quartz, 2% flint, feldspar 15.4%, 16.8% rock fragment, fluorite
and seriecita 11%
Mineralogical composition of 30.9% quartz cows flint 14.5% 1
0% 1% micas rock fragment 18.8 5.5
Chemical composition of the board: SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, etc.
limestone intermediate composition: SiO2 0.07% Al2O3% MgO, 54.54% Cao 42.9% CO2
Aspects characterizing the board:
CUARSOZA: uniformly large areas, is also presented as sandstones CUARSOZA, dolomites,
deposition form large seas, but shallow, also deposited in the cradles
Feldspathic: uniform over large areas, but local gatherings associated with. Sandstones sodium
arc, in his deposition unstable state.
Micaceous: Not uniform thickness and has pronounced regional change. State deposition is
sinking slowly. It is deposited in shallow seas, flood plains, deltas, plains, etc.
Chloritic: The thickness shows sudden changes in unstable. They deposited in areas of
considerable subsidence, formed by deposition between terrestrial and marine (deposited
geosinclinal)
1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

1.3.1 ROCKS Sedimentary detrital

FEATURES as have variable composition are classified according to grain size. The size indicates
the environmental conditions of sediment deposition, as follows:
 GRAVEL: fast currents or high-energy environments. Mountain rivers, avalanches,
high coastal waves.
  ARENA: Low energy. Dunes, beaches, rivers and reservoirs.
 CLAY: Very little energy, very slow deposition. Lakes, marshes, sea funds

1.3.1.1 SHALE
Clastos composed of clay and silt size so that particles can not be identified with the naked
eye, grain sizes less than 0.02mm. They constitute half of all sedimentary rocks. They are
typical of non-turbulent currents and quiet sometimes transported in suspension (river
Sinii). Depositional environment: lakes, floodplains, swamps and deep ocean basins.

 LIMOLITIC: LIMO composed of particles size and mostly lower proportion of clays.

 argillite: CLAY composed of particles size and mostly lower proportion of LIMO.

1.3.1.2 SANDSTONE
ARENA predominate clastic size of different sizes (coarse, medium and fine).

1.3.1.3 CONGLOMERATE
It composed of rounded fragments of GRAVEL size with high sand content.

1.3.1.4 GAP
ANGLED particles composed GRAVEL size.

1.3.2 INORGANIC CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

They are formed from materials of chemical weathering product being transported in
solution and then precipitated.

1.3.2.1 EVAPORITES:
They are formed by the evaporation of seawater, halite, silvina, gypsum and calcite
precipitate, depending on the temperature during the process.

1.3.2.2 LIMESTONE:
They are formed from solutions which mainly calcite (CaCO3) precipitates karst areas where
stalactites and stalagmites form or in ocean areas above the level compensation carbonates
(CCD) at below 3,400m depths.

1.3.2.3 SILICEOUS:
They are formed from solutions which are essentially precipitated silica (SiO2) in oceanic
areas below the level compensation carbonates (CCD) to greater than 3,400m depths.

1.4 STRATIFICATION
Sedimentary rocks are formed as layer accumulates sediment layer, these layers are called
strata and are the most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks. Each layer has textural,
compositional and thickness characteristics so that no two equal layers.
The presence of a fluid means that the layers are deposited horizontal or nearly horizontal,
although within the layer can be observed different structures.

Bedding plane is the surface separating two strata or rocks with different characteristics and
represents a temporary separation or interruption of sedimentation.

1.5 lithification
Litification by the processes by which unconsolidated sediments become sedimentary rocks
and consists of two steps are understood:
 COMPACTION The weight of the upper sediments (supra recumbent) compresses
the deeper, giving the effect of reducing the empty spaces and expelling fluids.
CEMENTATION: Cementitious materials are transported in solution by the water
percolating through the spaces between particles, precipitates subsequently filling
the voids and bonding clastos.

Calcium carbonate, iron oxide and silica are the most common cementitious
(printing dissolution properties, color and the rock hardness and residual soil which
will eventually generate).

1.6 Texture:
Term for the geometric aspects of the different components of a sediment or rock (grains,
cement matrix), such as size and shape thereof. Although various types of texture, the two
main types are the crystalline texture and clastic texture.
 Crystal texture: When referring to the size, geometry and spatial relationship of a
set of crystals is made. This type of texture is characterized by not presenting a
cementitious linking grains, but when precipitating crystals from a solution, they are
joined with each other without giving rise to empty spaces that can be filled by a
cementitious . The crystalline texture is typical of limestone then formed by direct
precipitation of calcium carbonate and evaporites.

 clastic texture: When referring to the resulting textural aspects after the settling
process following the deposition of particles or debris, this is the reason why some
authors call detrital texture. The nature of the detritus can be both lytic (fragments
of rocks or minerals) as fragments of shells of organisms.