Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
Plywood
● Report By:
(05130201) ● Engr. Jose C. Alcantara
BSME - 5 Instructor
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
WHAT IS PLYWOOD?
A common reason for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking,
shrinkage, twisting/warping, and its general high degree of strength. In addition, plywood can
be manufactured in sheets far wider than the trees from which it was made. It has replaced
many dimensional lumbers on construction applications for these reasons.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
1. SOFTWOOD PLYWOOD
2. HARDWOOD PLYWOOD
3. DECORATIVE PLYWOOD
4. HIGH STRENGTH PLYWOOD
5. MARINE PLYWOOD
6. OTHERS
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
SOFTWOOD
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
HARDWOOD
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
Average-quality plywood with show veneer. High-quality concrete pouring plate in plywood.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
DECORATIVE
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
HIGH STRENGTH
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
MARINE
TYPES OF PLYWOOD
OTHERS
PLYWOOD GRADES
US Plywood Grades
PLYWOOD GRADES
US Plywood Grades
"A":
PLYWOOD GRADES
US Plywood Grades
"B":
PLYWOOD GRADES
US Plywood Grades
"C":
PLYWOOD GRADES
US Plywood Grades
"D":
PLYWOOD GRADES
Veneer Quality
Veneer Quality A:
is a high appearance grade veneer suitable for clear finishing
where surface decorative appearance is a primary
consideration.
Veneer Quality S:
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD GRADES
Veneer Quality
Veneer Quality B:
is an appearance grade suitable for high quality paint
finishing.
Veneer Quality C:
is a non-appearance grade with a solid surface (all open
defects are filled) and is designed specifically for applications
requiring a solid non-decorative surface such as flooring
which will be overlaid with a decorative flooring surface.
Veneer Quality D:
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD GRADES
Veneer Quality
For example,
PLYWOOD GRADES
Bond Quality
Type A bond:
is a permanent bond, recognizable by its black color, which
will not deteriorate under wet conditions, heat or cold, and is
required for all structural and marine plywood, and in areas
around sinks, vanity units and laundry tubs.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD GRADES
Bond Quality
Type C bond:
is suitable for non-structural interior applications, free from
wet or damp conditions.
Type D bond:
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
There are coating solutions available that mask the prominent grain structure of spruce plywood. For
these coated plywood there are some end uses where reasonable strength is needed but lightness of
spruce material is a benefit e.g.:
Coated special birch plywood is typically used as a ready to install component e.g.:
Smooth surface and accurate thickness combined with the durability of the material makes birch
plywood a favorable material for many special end uses e.g.:
Tropical Plywood are widely available from the South East Asian region mainly by Malaysia and
Indonesia. Tropical Plywood boasts its premium quality, and strength. Depending on machineries,
tropical plywood can be made with high accuracy in thickness, and is a highly preferable choice in
America, Japan, Middle East, Korea, and other regions around the world.
• Common Plywood
• Concrete Panel
• Floor Base
• Structure Panel
• Container Flooring
• Lamin Board
• Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
APPLICATIONS OF PLYWOOD
Plywood can also be effectively used as the face of doors, and in cabinetry in buildings.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
APPLICATIONS OF PLYWOOD
QUALITY CONTROL
Plywood flooring enables large areas to be covered quickly and economically. It’s
inherent dimensional stability also means that it is suited to the ‘platform’ construction
method where it can withstand the rigours of bad weather that may be encountered when
the floor is installed in advance of the wall and roof framing. These same properties also
make it suitable for small increases in moisture content if used in ‘wet’ areas such as
laundries and bathrooms enabling the one flooring system to be used throughout the
building. In ‘wet’ areas a good quality seal is required over the plywood to protect it from
moisture during normal service. This will enhance its durability.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
QUALITY CONTROL
Interior Panels
Decorative plywoods are frequently used as internal linings and ceilings of dwellings
and commercial premises providing the feel and appearance of timber, but with the
advantages of a panel product. These interior linings can be made from appearance finish
structural plywood, or any decorative internal plywood. In some cases, holes can be used
to give the panels appropriate acoustic properties.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
QUALITY CONTROL
Interior Panels
The standard sheets are called Interior Plywoods. A large range of grain patterns and
species is available, giving a large variety in decorative appearance products. Because of
the cross-grain, the plywood can be significantly thinner than solid timber lining boards,
and it is less prone to movement in changing environmental conditions. Clear finishing of
all these decorative panels is all that is needed to protect the surface from scuffing and
stains.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
QUALITY CONTROL
External Cladding
In order to resist weathering, either a good quality opaque paint is required, or regular
replacement of a clear finish. ‘Stucco’ or other render systems will also protect the
plywood.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
QUALITY CONTROL
Bracing (Shearwalls)
Plywood is particularly suited to applications such as shear or bracing walls that are
designed to resist the effects of wind or earthquake that may cause the structure to sway.
The cross banded nature of plywood allows close nailing at edges and enables the use of
very thin plywood to achieve a cost effective bracing system.
The high shear strength of plywood makes it suitable for bracing panels or as webs in
manufactured beams such as plywood webbed I-beams and box beams. Timber flanged
plywood webbed box and C-section beams can provide a stable, lightweight and cost
effective alternative to conventional timber trusses in applications where headroom is an
issue, or where the loads on a beam are relatively light or uniformly distributed, but the
span is large.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
Formwork
QUALITY CONTROL
The timber veneers used in plywood are relatively stable along the grain, and
therefore the cross-laminated construction of plywood ensures that sheet sizes remain
relatively stable under changes of temperature and moisture. This factor is important in
platform floor and concrete formwork construction where exposure to moisture is inevitable.
Formwork timber has high durability glues and is generally coated to improve wear
resistance of the faces.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
SPECIFYING PLYWOOD
• Number of panels
• Length ´ width ´ thickness (mm)
• Plywood type (eg. structural) and Standard (eg. AS/NZS 2269)
(if structural) Stress grade and ID code
• Face and back grades
• Glue bond type
• PAA product certification stamp
• Preservative treatment level.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLYWOOD
- make its handling and installation very cost effective in applications such as residential and
commercial flooring, shear-walls and diaphragms, formwork and webbed beams.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLYWOOD
Panel Shear
Workability
Impact Resistance
– plywood, as with all timber products, has the ability to accommodate the
occasional short-term load up to twice the design load. This property is
advantageous for applications such as loading docks where vehicle impact can
be expected or in buildings subject to seismic activity or cyclonic winds.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
VARIATION OF PLYWOOD CONSTRUCTION
The first step in the manufacturing process of plywood is the selecting of the
logs. The logs that are selected are chosen for their straightness and roundness. They
also must be relatively free from knots and decay.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
SELECTING THE LOG
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
The selected logs are then stripped of their bark. According to the
following picture, the logs are fed in from the right by chain conveyors.
The logs are going to be stripped so therefore, they are rotated by ridged
wheels as the cutting head on the track reverses the log from end to
end. This is also known as debarking. The following illustration
demonstrates this portion of the manufacturing process. Two additional
illustrations of this debarking process are located at the following
hyperlinks.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
The next step of the manufacturing process is peeling the log. The log
sections, which show the marks of the debarking knives, are fed into the
lathe loader where the log revolves around on a huge lathe against a long
cutter blade which is reduced to a 6-inch core or sawed into lumber or
chipped. The following illustration shows the operation of the peeler.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
Following the peeler process, the next step in the manufacturing process
of plywood is taking the logs and making them into a continuous ribbon of
wood. The cutting edge of the lathe is forced against the spinning log. The
wood is unwound in a continuous ribbon varying in thickness depending on
how its used. The following illustration is a good example of this process.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
The next step of the process is the cutting and the stacking of the
ribbons of wood. The standard size for the pieces of wood to be cut is 4’ X
8’. The thickness of the plywood will be determined later when the sheets
are glued and pressed together to a varying thickness of which ¼” to ¾” is
the most common. The following hyperlink shows the process of cutting
the sheets to the proper length and width.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
The next step in making plywood is the gluing of the plies together in
order to determine the desirable thickness of the plywood sheet. Modern
methods of manufacturing use synthetic plastics such as urea resins or
phenol-formaldehyde for bonding the plies together. These glues are
mixed mechanically and then spread on alternate layers of lumber by
passing between pairs of grooved metal or hard rubber rollers. The
following picture shows the plywood sheets moving through the rollers as
the adhesive is being applied
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
Lastly the sheets have to go through a process that gets them ready to
be shipped out for market. The process involves trimming, sanding and
finishing the sheets. This process also takes the sheets down to the
proper size that is desirable to the consumer. This is what makes the final
smooth edges that are seen in the modern lumberyard. The finished
panels of plywood are then divided into two groups indicating whether
they are for interior or exterior use. Plywood may carry a quality grade,
which is indicated with the letters A through C, with A being the highest
quality. This grade is based on requirements set by U.S. Commercial
Standard CS - (35-36).
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
CONCLUSION TO THE MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
These are the steps of the manufacturing process of plywood from the
original type of tree chosen, clear to the completed sheets of plywood
stamped and ready to be shipped to your local hardware stores and
lumber yards. This process shows how the plywood, which the customer
buys, comes from a variety of different tree species. It also shows the
mechanics of how the plywood you buy is made into widths, lengths and a
variety of different thicknesses depending on the use of the material.
Hopefully, this illustrates the process of how a tree is manufactured into
the plywood that is found in a local lumberyard.
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD
HOW PLYWOOD IS MANUFACTURED
CONCLUSION TO THE
MANUFACTURING OF
PLYWOOD
MANUFACTURING OF PLYWOOD