CHIH WU

2. Steam is expanded from (1000 psia, 1000ºF) in an adiabatic turbine to 1 psia. The efficiency
of the turbine is 90 %. Determine the actual specific work done by the turbine, the mass flow
rate required to produce an output of 100 MW, the specific entropy generated by this process,
and the exhaust steam quality. ANSWER: 523.8 Btu/lbm, 180.9 lbm/h, 0.1037 Btu/[lbm(ºF)],
0.8809.

3. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 1000 psia and 900ºF with a mass flow rate of 60 lbm/s
and leaves at 5 psia. The adiabatic efficiency of the turbine is 90%. Determine the temperature
of the steam at the turbine exit and the power output of the turbine in MW. ANSWER:
162.2ºF, 26.26 MW.

4. 0.23 kg/s of combustion air enters an adiabatic gas turbine with 86 % efficiency at 1200 K,
800 kPa, and leaves at 400 kPa. Determine the power output of the turbine, and the entropy
change of the air. ANSWER: 31.14 kW, 0.0303 kJ/[kg(K)].

5. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 1250 psia and 800ºF and leaves at 5 psia with a quality
of 90 %. Determine the mass flow rate required for a shaft power output of 1 MW. ANSWER:
2.75 lbm/s.

6. Combustion gases enter an adiabatic gas turbine at 1440ºF and 120 psia and leaves at 68.5
psia. The power output from the turbine is 85 hp. Find the isentropic efficiency of the turbine if
the in-line compressor has a mass flow rate of 60 lbm/min, and the entropy change across the
turbine (Btu/lbm-ºR). ANSWER: 89.15%, 0.0045 Btu/[lbm(ºF)].

7. Combustion gases enter an adiabatic gas turbine at 1440ºF and 120 psia and leaves at 68.5
psia. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Find the ‘actual’ power output of the
turbine (horsepower) if the in-line compressor has a mass flow rate of 60 lbm/min, and (b)
Find the entropy change across the turbine (Btu/lbm-ºR). ANSWER: 81.04%, 0.0062
Btu/[lbm(ºF)].

8. Air at 800 kPa and 1200 K enters an actual adiabatic turbine at steady state. Pressure at
300.1 kPa is measured at the exit of the turbine. The turbine is known to have an isentropic
efficiency of 85%. determine the actual temperature at the exit of the turbine, the work output
of the turbine in kJ/kg, and the specific entropy generated by the turbine in kJ/[kg(K)].
ANSWER: 950.8 K, 250.1 kJ/kg, 0.05 kJ/[kg(K)].

9. Determine the minimum power input required to drive a steady-flow, adiabatic air
compressor that compresses 2 kg/s of air from 105 kPa and 23ºC to a pressure of 300 kPa.
ANSWER: -207.9 kW.

VAN WALEY

7.45 A Carnot-cycle heat engine has an efficiency of 40%. If the high temperature is raised 10%,
what is the new efficiency, keeping the same low temperature?

7.46 Find the power output and the low T heat rejection rate for a Carnot-cycle heat engine
that receives 6 kW at 250 ◦C and rejects heat at 30◦C, as in Problem 7.38.
7.47 Consider the setup with two stacked (temperaturewise) heat engines, as in Fig. P7.4. Let
TH = 900 K, TM = 600 K, and TL = 300 K. Find the two heat engine efficiencies and the
combined overall efficiency assuming Carnot cycles.

7.56 A temperature of about 0.01 K can be achieved by magnetic cooling. In this process, a
strong magneticfieldisimposedonaparamagneticsalt,maintained at 1 K by transfer of energy to
liquid helium boiling at low pressure. The salt is then thermally isolated from the helium, the
magnetic field isremoved,andthesalttemperaturedrops.Assume that 1 mJ is removed at an
average temperature of 0.1 K to the helium by a Carnot-cycle heat pump. Find the work input
to the heat pump and the COP with an ambient temperature of 300 K.

7.54 A cyclic machine, shown in Fig. P7.54, receives 325 kJ from a 1000 K energy reservoir. It
rejects 125 kJ to a 400 K energy reservoir, and the cycle produces 200 kJ of work as output. Is
this cycle reversible, irreversible, or impossible?

7.58 An inventor has developed a refrigeration unit that maintains the cold space at−10◦C
while operating in a 25◦C room. A COP of 8.5 is claimed. How do you evaluate this?

7.59 Calculate the amount of work input a refrigerator needs to make ice cubes out of a tray of
0.25 kg liquid water at 10◦C. Assume the refrigerator works in a Carnot cycle between −8◦C
and 35◦C with a motor-compressor of 750 W. How much time does it take if this is the only
cooling load?

7.60 Aheatpumpreceivesenergyfromasourceat80◦C and delivers energy to a boiler that

operates at 350 kPa. The boiler input is saturated liquid water and the exitis saturated vapor,
bothat 350kPa.Theheat pump is driven by a 2.5 MW motor and has a COP that is 60% of a
Carnot heat pump COP. What is the maximum