VPP 701 Tutorial 3

1. Explain the pathogenesis of Rabies. What are the 2 clinical forms and their
characteristics? What organs sample should be submitted in the laboratory to confirm rabies
virus. Name the pathognomonic lesion of rabies.

Pathogenesis of Rabies

2 clinical forms of Rabies

I. Furious
 classic “mad-dog syndrome,”
 rarely evidence of paralysis during this stage
 irritable and, with the slightest provocation, may viciously and aggressively use
its teeth, claws, horns, or hooves
 posture and expression is one of alertness and anxiety, with pupils dilated
 Noise may invite attack; lose caution and fear of people and other animals.
 Carnivores with this form of rabies frequently roam extensively, attacking other
animals, including people, and any moving object
 commonly swallow foreign objects, eg, feces, straw, sticks, and stones
 Rabid dogs may chew the wire and frame of their cages, breaking their teeth, and
will follow a hand moved in front of the cage, attempting to bite
 Young pups can seek human companionship and are overly playful, but bite even
when petted, usually becoming vicious in a few hours

II. Paralytic
 ataxia and paralysis of the throat and masseter muscles, often with profuse
salivation and the inability to swallow
  Dropping of the lower jaw is common in dogs
 Owners frequently examine the mouth of dogs and livestock searching for a
foreign body or administer medication with their bare hands, thereby exposing
themselves to rabies
 may not be vicious and rarely attempt to bite
 paralysis progresses rapidly to all parts of the body, and coma and death follow
in a few hours

Organ sample to be submitted to laboratory to confirm rabies virus

 Brain tissue samples

Pathognomonic lesion of Rabies

2. In BSE and scrapie free country like Fiji, how to prevent the disease to enter the
territory. Explain your answer with emphasis on transmission, recognizing and
diagnosing the disease.

- BSE or Scrapie is a progressive, fatal, infectious neurological disease of Cattle, this

disease can be passed to cattle through feed containing protein or bone meal from
infected sheep or any domestic food animal whose carcass waste is being utilized
for animal feed processing, an affected animal has a sponge-like appearance in the
tissue of their brain causing a neurological problems to the animal.
- In order to prevent the disease from entering Fiji’s territory;
o Only produce animal feed from a trusted ingredients source but not from
outside the country of animal by-products being free of any harmful BSE and
Scrapie cases.
o Practice and strengthen Biosecurity and border control strategies when it
comes to importing animals from other countries (avoid importing farm
animals from countries or farms with BSE and Scrapie cases)
3. Fill in the table the corresponding gross pathological lesions of the following
diseases

Disease Pathological lesions

1. Canine Distemper  Thymic atrophy in infected young puppies.
 Hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads in dogs
 bronchopneumonia, enteritis, and skin pustules also may
be present.

2. Infectious Canine  Endothelial damage results in “paint-brush”

Hepatitis hemorrhages on the gastric serosa, lymph nodes,
thymus, pancreas, and subcutaneous tissues
 Hepatic cell necrosis produces a variegated color change
in the liver, which may be normal in size or swollen
 The gallbladder wall is typically edematous and thickened
 edema of the thymus may be found
 Grayish white foci may be seen in the kidney cortex

3. Canine Parvovirus  Thickened and discolored intestinal wall;

 watery, mucoid, or hemorrhagic intestinal contents;
 edema and congestion of abdominal and thoracic lymph
nodes;
 thymic atrophy; and, in the case of CPV myocarditis, pale
streaks in the myocardium.

4. Feline Panleukopenia - cerebellar hypoplasia

- Bowel loops are usually dilated, thickened, hyperemic
walls
- petechiae or ecchymoses on the intestinal serosal
surfaces
- Perinatally infected kittens may have a noticeably small
cerebellum.

5. Maedi - Brochial exudates

- Non-inflammatory indurative mastitis may occur
- Unilateral pelvic paresis
4. Name the diseases of domestic animals associated with Poxvirus. Differentiate
sheep/goat pox with Orf in relation to gross pathology.

- Diseases of domestic animals associated with Poxvirus

o Lumpy skin disease
o ORF
o Contagious ecthyma
o Pseudocowpox

- Differentiate sheep/goat pox with Orf in relation to gross pathology

Sheep/Goat Pox Orf

Gross pathology - Macules and Papules - Papules, pustules &
difference Dark hard scabs vesicles on; lips, nose,
lesions restricted to ears, eyelids & mouth, it
axilla, perineum and progresses to thick frable
groin scabs
- Lesions usually - Lesions very painful &
resolves up to 6 weeks Usually resolves in 1 – 4
to heal weeks
- Affects Sheep and - More severe in Boer Goats
Goat

5. What are the similarities and differences between Maedi and CAE?

- Similarites between Maedi and CAE

o Both are from causative virus named “Lentivirus”
o Transmission of the virus via oral route from infected Dam’s colostrums milk
o Head tilt and circling symptoms
o Indurative mastitis

- Difference between Maedi and CAE

Maedi
- Viral disease of Sheep
- Progressive pneumonia and
respiratory distress as main signs
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
- Viral disease of Goats
- Progressive polyarthritis in adult
goats, encephalomyelitis in kids as
main signs