Sochiva Pramesti

3114100063

QUIZ 1 – Finite Element Method

Lecturer : Ir. Faimun, M.Sc., Ph.D

1. The structure as figure below (Fig. A and Fig. B), calculate necessary displacements and
forces (internal and external) :

Figure A. Model of Problem A

DATA PREPARATION

a. Nodes Coordinates
The abscissae x of the nodes are given in the form of a vector geom(nnd, 2):

 0 0 
 4000 0 

 8000 0 
geom   
14000 0 
 4000 12000 
 
 8000 20000
b. Element Connectivity
The table of connectivity describes how the elements are connected to each other. The
element connectivity is given in the matrix connec(nel, 2):
1 2
2 3

connec  3 4
 
2 5
3 6
c. Material and Geometrical Properties
The material and geometrical properties are given in the matrix prop(nel, 3). The first
column
represents the Young’s modulus, the second rerpresents area, while the third represents the
second moment of inertia of the cross section:

200000 51 3.e  5
200000 51 3.e  5

prop  200000 51 3.e  5
 
200000 51 3.e  5
200000 51 3.e  5

d. Boundary Conditions
0 0 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
nf   
1 1 1
0 0 0
 
0 0 0
e. Internal Hinges
To account for internal hinges, we create a vector Hinge(nel, 2) that we initialize to 1.

f. Loading
Joint_loads=zeros(nnd,3)
Joint_loads(4,2) = -150000
INPUT
% File: frame_problem1_data.m
%
% The following variables are declared as global in order
% to be used by all the functions (M-files) constituting
% the program
% %
global nnd nel nne nodof eldof n geom connec F ...
prop nf Element_loads Joint_loads force Hinge
%
format short e
%
nnd = 6 ; % Number of nodes:
nel = 5 ; % Number of elements:
nne = 2 ; % Number of nodes per element:
nodof = 3; % Number of degrees of freedom per node
eldof = nne*nodof; % Number of degrees of freedom per element
%
% Nodes coordinates x and y
%
geom=zeros(nnd,2);
geom(1,1)=0. ; geom(1,2)= 0.; % x and y coordinates of node 1
geom(2,1)=4000. ; geom(2,2)= 0.; % x and y coordinates of node 2
geom(3,1)=4000. ; geom(3,2)= 12000.; % x and y coordinates of node 3
geom(4,1)=8000. ; geom(4,2)= 0.; % x and y coordinates of node 4
geom(5,1)=8000. ; geom(5,2)= 20000.; % x and y coordinates of node 5
geom(6,1)=14000. ; geom(6,2)= 0.; % x and y coordinates of node 6
%
% Element connectivity
%
connec=zeros(nel,2);
connec(1,1) = 1; connec(1,2) =2 ; % First and second node of element 1
connec(2,1) = 2; connec(2,2) =4 ; % First and second node of element 2
connec(3,1) = 4; connec(3,2) =6 ; % First and second node of element 3
connec(4,1) = 3; connec(4,2) =2 ; % First and second node of element 4
connec(5,1) = 5; connec(5,2) =4 ; % First and second node of element 5

%
% Geometrical properties
%
prop=zeros(nel,3);
prop(1,1)=2.0e+5; prop(1,2)=614; prop(1,3)=30000; % E,A and I element 1
prop(2,1)=2.0e+5; prop(2,2)=614; prop(2,3)=30000; % E,A and I element 2
prop(3,1)=2.0e+5; prop(3,2)=614; prop(3,3)=30000; % E,A and I element 3
prop(4,1)=2.0e+5; prop(4,2)=51; prop(4,3)=206.956; % E,A and I element 4
prop(5,1)=2.0e+5; prop(5,2)=51; prop(5,3)=206.956; % E,A and I element 5
%
% Boundary conditions
%
nf = ones(nnd, nodof); % Initialize the matrix nf to 1
nf(1,1) = 0; nf(1,2)= 0; nf(1,3) = 1; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 1
nf(2,1) = 1; nf(2,2)= 1; nf(2,3) = 0; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 2
nf(3,1) = 0; nf(3,2)= 0; nf(3,3) = 0; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 3
nf(4,1) = 1; nf(4,2)= 1; nf(4,3) = 0; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 4
nf(5,1) = 0; nf(5,2)= 0; nf(5,3) = 0; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 5
nf(6,1) = 1; nf(6,2)= 1; nf(6,3) = 1; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 6
%
% Counting of the free degrees of freedom
%
n=0;
for i=1:nnd
for j=1:nodof
if nf(i,j) ~= 0
n=n+1;
nf(i,j)=n;
end
end
end
%
% Internal Hinges
%
Hinge = ones(nel,2);
Hinge(4,2)=0;
Hinge(5,2)=0;
%
% loading
%
Joint_loads= zeros(nnd, 3);
Joint_loads(6,:)= [0, -150000, 0];
%
% Joint loads are usually entered in global coordinates
% Enter here the forces in X and Y directions and any
% concentrated moment at node i
%
% Staticaly equivalent loads are entered in local
% coordinates of the element
%
Element_loads= zeros(nel, 6);
% %
%%%%%%%%%%%% End of input %%%%%%%%%%%%

OUTPUT
******* PRINTING MODEL DATA **************

------------------------------------------------------
Number of nodes: 6
Number of elements: 5
Number of nodes per element: 2
Number of degrees of freedom per node: 3
Number of degrees of freedom per element: 6

------------------------------------------------------
Node X Y
1, 0000.00 0000.00
2, 4000.00 0000.00
3, 4000.00 12000.00
4, 8000.00 0000.00
5, 8000.00 20000.00
6, 14000.00 0000.00

------------------------------------------------------
Element Node_1 Node_2
1, 1, 2
2, 2, 4
 3, 4, 6
4, 3, 2
5, 5, 4

------------------------------------------------------
Element E A I
1, 200000, 614 30000
2, 200000, 614 30000
3, 200000, 614 30000
4, 200000, 51 206.956
5, 200000, 51 206.956

------------------------------------------------------
-------------Nodal freedom----------------------------
Node disp_u disp_u Rotation
1, 0, 0, 1
2, 2, 3, 0
3, 0, 0, 0
4, 4, 5, 0
5, 0, 0, 0
6, 6, 7, 8

------------------------------------------------------
-----------------Applied joint Loads-------------------
Node load_X load_Y Moment
1, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
2, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
3, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
4, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
5, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
6, 0000.00, -150000.00, 0000.00
------------------------------------------------------

Total number of active degrees of freedom, n = 8

--------------------------------------------------------

******* PRINTING ANALYSIS RESULTS ************

------------------------------------------------------
Global force vector F
0
0
0
0
0
0
-150000
0

------------------------------------------------------
Displacement solution vector: delta
-0.00015
-0.00000
-0.38778
-0.00000
 -293.47114
-0.00000
-1800293.47114
-450.00000

------------------------------------------------------
Nodal displacements
Node disp_x disp_y rotation
1, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00, -1.45416e-04
2, -2.99181e-16, -3.87776e-01, 0.00000e+00
3, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00
4, -5.97704e-16, -2.93471e+02, 0.00000e+00
5, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00
6, -5.97704e-16, -1.80029e+06, -4.50000e+02

------------------------------------------------------
Members actions in local coordinates
element fx1 fy1 M1 fx2 Fy2 M2
1, 0.0000, 0.1091, 0.0000, -0.0000, -0.1091, 436.2482
2, 0.0000, 329.7188, 659437.5679, -0.0000, -329.7188, 659437.5679
3, 0.0000, 150000.0000, 900000000.0000, -0.0000, -150000.0000, 0.0000
4, -329.6097, 0.0000, 0.0000, 329.6097, -0.0000, 0.0000
5, -149670.2812, 0.0000, 0.0000, 149670.2812, -0.0000, 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------
Members actions in global coordinates
element fx1 fy1 M1 fx2 Fy2 M2
1, 0.0000, 0.1091, 0.0000, -0.0000, -0.1091, 436.2482
2, 0.0000, 329.7188, 659437.5679, -0.0000, -329.7188, 659437.5679
3, 0.0000, 150000.0000, 900000000.0000, -0.0000, -150000.0000, 0.0000
4, -0.0000, 329.6097, 0.0000, 0.0000, -329.6097, 0.0000
5, -0.0000, 149670.2812, 0.0000, 0.0000, -149670.2812, 0.0000
 Figure B. Model of Problem B

DATA PREPARATION

a. Nodes Coordinates
The abscissae x of the nodes are given in the form of a vector geom(nnd, 2):

 0 0 
 0 600 
geom  
2500 1500
 
3500 1500

b. Element Connectivity
The table of connectivity describes how the elements are connected to each other. The
element connectivity is given in the matrix connec(nel, 2):
1 3
connec  2 3
3 4
c. Material and Geometrical Properties
The material and geometrical properties are given in the matrix prop(nel, 3). The first
column
represents the Young’s modulus, the second rerpresents area, while the third represents the
second moment of inertia of the cross section:

2.e  5 146.952 10131.61

prop  2.e  5 31.65 79.771 
2.e  5 146.952 10131.61

d. Boundary Conditions
0 0 0
0 0 0
nf  
1 1 1
 
1 1 1
 e. Internal Hinges
Hinge = ones(nel,2)
Hinge (2,2) = 0
f. Loading
In this structur, there’s only one load applied in node 4 = 100 N
So the matrix is,
Joint_loads=zeros(nnd,3)
Joint_loads(4,2) = -100

INPUT
% File: frame_problem1_data.m
%
% The following variables are declared as global in order
% to be used by all the functions (M-files) constituting
% the program
% %
global nnd nel nne nodof eldof n geom connec F ...
prop nf Element_loads Joint_loads force Hinge
%
format short e
%
nnd = 4 ; % Number of nodes:
nel = 3 ; % Number of elements:
nne = 2 ; % Number of nodes per element:
nodof = 3; % Number of degrees of freedom per node
eldof = nne*nodof; % Number of degrees of freedom per element
%
% Nodes coordinates x and y
%
geom=zeros(nnd,2);
geom(1,1)=0. ; geom(1,2)= 0.; % x and y coordinates of node 1
geom(2,1)=0. ; geom(2,2)= 600.; % x and y coordinates of node 2
geom(3,1)=2500. ; geom(3,2)= 1500.; % x and y coordinates of node 3
geom(4,1)=3500. ; geom(4,2)= 1500.; % x and y coordinates of node 4

%
% Element connectivity
%
connec=zeros(nel,2);
connec(1,1) = 1; connec(1,2) =3 ; % First and second node of element 1
connec(2,1) = 2; connec(2,2) =3 ; % First and second node of element 2
connec(3,1) = 3; connec(3,2) =4 ; % First and second node of element 3

%
% Geometrical properties
%
prop=zeros(nel,3);
prop(1,1)=2.0e+5; prop(1,2)=31.6692; prop(1,3)=79.8114; % E,A and I element
1
prop(2,1)=2.0e+5; prop(2,2)=147.02; prop(2,3)=10136.745; % E,A and I
element 2
prop(3,1)=2.0e+5; prop(3,2)=147.02; prop(3,3)=10136.745; % E,A and I
element 3
%
% Boundary conditions
%
nf = ones(nnd, nodof); % Initialize the matrix nf to 1
nf(1,1) = 0; nf(1,2)= 0; nf(1,3) = 0; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 1
nf(2,1) = 0; nf(2,2)= 0; nf(2,3) = 1; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 2
nf(3,1) = 1; nf(3,2)= 1; nf(3,3) = 1; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 3
nf(4,1) = 1; nf(4,2)= 1; nf(4,3) = 1; % Prescribed nodal freedom of node 4
%
% Counting of the free degrees of freedom
%
n=0;
for i=1:nnd
for j=1:nodof
if nf(i,j) ~= 0
n=n+1;
nf(i,j)=n;
end
end
end
%
% Internal Hinges
%
Hinge = ones(nel,2);
Hinge(2,2)=0;
%
% loading
%
Joint_loads= zeros(nnd, 3);
Joint_loads(4,:)= [0, -100, 0];
%
% Joint loads are usually entered in global coordinates
% Enter here the forces in X and Y directions and any
% concentrated moment at node i
%
% Staticaly equivalent loads are entered in local
% coordinates of the element
%
Element_loads= zeros(nel, 6);
% %
%%%%%%%%%%%% End of input %%%%%%%%%%%%

OUTPUT
******* PRINTING MODEL DATA **************

------------------------------------------------------
Number of nodes: 4
Number of elements: 3
Number of nodes per element: 2
Number of degrees of freedom per node: 3
Number of degrees of freedom per element: 6

------------------------------------------------------
Node X Y
1, 0000.00 0000.00
2, 0000.00 0600.00
3, 2500.00 1500.00
4, 3500.00 1500.00

------------------------------------------------------
Element Node_1 Node_2
1, 1, 3
2, 2, 3
3, 3, 4

------------------------------------------------------
Element E A I
1, 200000, 31.6692 79.8114
2, 200000, 147.02 10136.7
3, 200000, 147.02 10136.7

------------------------------------------------------
-------------Nodal freedom----------------------------
Node disp_u disp_u Rotation
1, 0, 0, 0
2, 0, 0, 1
3, 2, 3, 4
4, 5, 6, 7

------------------------------------------------------
-----------------Applied joint Loads-------------------
Node load_X load_Y Moment
1, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
2, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
3, 0000.00, 0000.00, 0000.00
4, 0000.00, -100.00, 0000.00
------------------------------------------------------

Total number of active degrees of freedom, n = 7

--------------------------------------------------------

******* PRINTING ANALYSIS RESULTS ************

------------------------------------------------------
Global force vector F
0
0
0
0
0
-100
0

------------------------------------------------------
Displacement solution vector: delta
-0.00079
0.77126
-1.95336
-4.56726
0.77126
-4585.65710
-4.59192

------------------------------------------------------
Nodal displacements
Node disp_x disp_y rotation
1, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00
2, 0.00000e+00, 0.00000e+00, -7.90019e-04
3, 7.71258e-01, -1.95336e+00, -4.56726e+00
4, 7.71258e-01, -4.58566e+03, -4.59192e+00

------------------------------------------------------
Members actions in local coordinates
element fx1 fy1 M1 fx2 Fy2 M2
1, 746.5702, -51.4456, -49988.3280, -746.5702, 51.4456, -100000.0000
2, -708.5303, -0.0000, 0.0000, 708.5303, 0.0000, 0.0000
3, -0.0000, 100.0000, 100000.0000, 0.0000, -100.0000, 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------
Members actions in global coordinates
element fx1 fy1 M1 fx2 Fy2 M2
1, 666.6472, 339.9930, -49988.3280, -666.6472, -339.9930, -100000.0000
2, -666.6472, -239.9930, 0.0000, 666.6472, 239.9930, 0.0000
3, -0.0000, 100.0000, 100000.0000, 0.0000, -100.0000, 0.0000
2. For the following plates, which one will produce less stresses, in which at the right hand side
of the plate the uniform load of 1000 unit acting to the right and fixed at the left side, the
thickness of the plate is 0.1
You are asked to use symmetry for reduce data and easy to interpret result.
Evaluate the stress by using CST and LST

Figure 2. Model of Problem 2

a. CST Method
For the first method, we’re using Constant Strain Triangle(CST0 method. From the figure
below, we can see that the first model has a bigger stress than the second model.

Model 1

Model 2
b. LST Method
For the second method, we’re using Linear Strain Triangle(LST) method. From the figure
below, we can see that the first model has a bigger stress than the second model. But the
deformation is bigger than CST method

Model 1

Model 2