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1. { A Research Design is the arrangement of conditions for

collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance
to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
2. ½{ According to the principle of replication the
experiment should be repeated more than once. Thus, each treatment is
applied in many experimental units instead of one. Replication is
introduced in order to increase the precision of a study; that is to say, to
increase the accuracy with which the main effects & interactions can be
estimated.
3. ½{ It provides protection against the effect of
extraneous factors by randomization. Thus variations caused by extraneous
factors can be combined under the general heading of ͚chance͛.
4. ½
{ In this principle, the extraneous factor, which is
known as the source of variability, is made to vary deliberately over as wide
a range as necessary & eliminate it from the experimental error.
5.  !{ Exploratory Research is a design which is
carried out to make problem suited to more precise investigation or to
frame a working hypothesis from an operational perspective.
6. "{ Descriptive studies come under formal
research, where the objectives are clearly established.
7.
#!${ The basic aim of Causal
studies is to identify the cause & effect relationship between variables.
8.
%&{ In the Factorial design, the extraneous variable to be
controlled by homogeneity is called the control variable.
9.  %&{ In the Factorial design, the independent variable,
which is manipulated, is called the experimental variable.
10.[{ Factorial designs are used in experiments where the
effects of more than one factors are to be determined.
11.[{ A design which considers the effects of varying
two factors on the dependent variable is called a Simple Factorial Design. It
is also termed as a two factor factorial design.
12.
 [{ A design which considers three or more
independent variables simultaneously is called a Complex Factorial Design.
13. !%' (% ){ ANOVA is a family of multivariate statistical
technique for helping to infer whether there are real differences between
the means of 3 or more groups or variables in a population, based on
sample data.
14.($*! (% { It is a way to test the equality of three or more means at
one time by using variances.
15. +{ The Grand mean of a set of samples is the total of all the data
values divided by the total sample size.
16.%{ The Total Variation (not variance) is comprised the sum of
the squares of the differences of each mean with the grand mean (SST).
17.* #%{ The variation due to the interaction between
the samples is denoted SS (B) for Sum of Squares Between groups.
18.* #%{ The variation due to differences within individual
samples denoted SS (W) for Sum of Squares Within groups.
19.[{ The F test statistic is found by dividing the between group
variance by the within group variance.
20.*$*! (% { It is the extension of one-way ANOVA. Since, there are
two independent variables involve it is known as Two-way ANOVA.
21.[{ The two independent variables in a two-way ANOVA are called
factors.
22. #{ Treatment Groups are formed by making all possible
combinations of the two factors.
23.+{ The main effect involves the independent variables one at a
time. The interaction is ignored for this part. Just the row or just the
columns are used, not mixed.
24.
{ This is the effect that one factor has on the other factor.
The degrees of freedom here are the product of the two degrees of
freedom for each factor.
25.*%{ The Within Variation is the sum of squares within each
treatment group.
26.*%{ The Within Variance is the within variation divided by its
degrees of freedom.