Automatic crop Irrigation system SGSITS, INDORE

SHRI G. S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

INDORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON
“AUTOMATIC CROP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE COMPLETION OF MINI – PROJECT IN

ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by- Submitted to-

Ankit Sharma(0801EI101004) Dr. R.S Gamad
Ashish Agrawal( 0901BT101006) Associate Prof.

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Automatic crop Irrigation system SGSITS, INDORE

Abhimanyu Kathal (0801EI091001) E&I department

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ankit Sharma (0801EI101004), Ashish Agrawal (0901BT101006) and
Abhimanyu Kathal (0801EI091001) studying in BE III YEAR OF ELECTRONICS AND
INSTRUMENTATION branch of session Jan 2013-June 2013 have successfully completed their
project work on Automatic crop Irrigation system and have submitted it to the undersigned
authority as on date.

DATE PROFESSOR IN-CHARGE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no different. We
find great pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude towards all those who have
made it possible for me to complete this project with success.
we would like to express true sense and sincerest gratitude to Dr. R.S Gamad our guide, for
his dynamic and valuable guidance and keen interest in our project work. We are grateful to
him for his constant encouragement in the fulfillment of the project work.
we also extend my sincere thanks to Head of Department of Electronics & Instrumentation,
Dr. D.K Mishra and all the Staff Members who extended the preparatory steps of this
seminar.
We would also like express appreciation and thanks to all our friends who knowingly assisted
us with their valuable suggestions and supports, and we are very grateful for their
assistance. we would also like to thank those who were directly or indirectly guiding us.

Name of the Students

Ankit Sharma
Ashish Agrawal
Abhimanyu Kathal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial no Topic Page no.

1 Objective 5
2 Need for Automation 5
3 Hardware and Software required 6
4 Description about components used 7
5 Block Diagram 10
6 Working 10
7 Software and Final PCB layout 11
8 Conclusions and Future enhancements 14

9 References 16

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Automatic crop Irrigation system SGSITS, INDORE

1) Objective:
To build an automatic crop irrigation system based on microcontroller ATMEGA8L which can
interact with farmers by a mean of Smart Device. (Here we used Laptop).

2) Need for Automation:

Agriculture is one of the fields where water is required in tremendous quantity. Wastage of
water is major problem in agriculture. Every time excess of water is given to the fields. There
are many techniques to save or to control wastage of water from agriculture. Irrigation
is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is usually used to assist the growing of crops
in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Different types of irrigation systems
are used for management of water in agricultural land.
Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who travel. If installed and
programmed properly, automatic irrigation systems can even save you money and help in
water conservation. Dead lawn grass and plants need to be replaced, and that can be
expensive. But the savings from automatic irrigation systems can go beyond that.
Watering with a hose or with oscillator wastes water. Neither method targets plant roots
with any significant degree of precision. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to
discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water
conservation.

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3) Hardware and Software required

Hardware required
1) Arduino development Board (ATMEGA8)
2) Depth Sensors (Here we used office pins)
3) Temperature Sensor (LM 35)
4) L293D (Motor driving IC)
5) DC motor (200 rpm)
6) Power Supply (Transformer (9-0-9, 1 ampere), Capacitors ( 47 and 33 microfarad), voltage
regulator IC’s (7805 & 7809), Potentiometer (1K) etc).
7) Display Device- Laptop (64 Bits)
8) For PCB designing (copper plate, ferrous chloride etc)
Software required
1) Arduino 1.0.2 version for coding and its serial monitor for display
2) PCB wizard

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4) Descriptions of components used

4.1) Arduino Development Board (ATMEGA8)
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use
hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested
in creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can sense the environment by
receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights,
motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the
Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development
environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can
communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).

Below is the pin mapping for the Atmega8, the original chip used in early Arduinos

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4.2) Depth sensors

Here we have used metal pins for sensing depth of field.
4.3) Temperature Sensor (LM 35)
 It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature.
 The scale factor is .01V/oC
 The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming and maintains an
accuracy of +/-0.4 oC at room temperature and +/- 0.8 oC over a range of 0 oC to +100
o
C.
 Another important characteristic of the LM35DZ is that it draws only 60 micro amps
from its supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. The sensor self-heating
causes less than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.

4.4) L293D MOTOR DRIVING IC

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current
amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal.
This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.
L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation, two
DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor
operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input
logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise
and anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start
operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the
outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input
is low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.

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4.5) Voltage regulator IC’s 7805 and 7809

7805 and 7809 are the voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of
fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and
would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output
voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to
provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply whereas 7809 provides +9V regulated
power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins
depending upon the respective voltage levels.

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5) Block diagram
5 volt 9 volt

DEPTH
SENSOR
L293D MOTOR

MICROCONTROLLER
ATMEGA8

TEMPERATURE DISPLAY
SENSOR DEVICE

6) Working
The depth sensor will sense depth up too which water is present in the field and
temperature sensor will sense temperature of the field. If level of water in the field drops
beyond certain level than the output of the sensor will go high, If temperature is in the
proper range and suitable for irrigation, then microcontroller will provide high output to
motor driving IC. Hence motor will start drawing water from the nearby source. When
proper amount of water (as required for particular crop) is drawn by motor then
automatically microcontroller will cut supply from the motor as the result proper amount of
water will be given to the crop.

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7) Software and Final PCB layout

Software programming language used Arduino
int a= 8;
int b = 9;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(a, INPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int c= digitalRead(a);
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
if (c==LOW)
{
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
delay(50);
Serial.print("\n MORE WATER IS NEEDED ");
Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD TEMPERATURE=20-25 degree ");
Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD DEPTH= 2.4 cm ");
}
if (c==HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
delay(50);
Serial.print("\n NO MORE WATER IS NEEDED NOW ");
Serial.print("\n THANK YOU FOR WATCHING ");
}
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0)*10;
if( voltage > 25)
{
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
Serial.print("\t\t NOT PROPER TEMPERATURE ");
}
Serial.print("\t\t temperature in degree celcius= ");
Serial.println(voltage);
{
delay(5000);}
}

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8) Final PCB layout

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9) Conclusions and Advantages:

The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. The system
supplies water only when the humidity in the soil goes below the reference. Due to the
direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation takes place and also helps to
maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant to some extend. Thus, the
system is efficient and compatible to the changing environment.
Advantages
1. Saves water - Studies show that drip irrigation systems use 30 - 50% less water than
conventional watering methods, such as sprinklers.
2. Improves growth - Smaller amounts of water applied over a longer amount of time
provide ideal growing conditions. Drip irrigation extends watering times for plants, and
prevents soil erosion and nutrient runoff. Also, because the flow is continuous, water
penetrates deeply into the soil to get well down into the root zone.
3. Discourages weeds - Water is only delivered where it's needed.
4. Saves time - Setting and moving sprinklers is not required. A timer delay as per
environment can be added to the system for automatic watering.
5. Helps control fungal diseases, which grow quickly under moist conditions. Also, wet
foliage can spread disease.
6. Adaptable - A drip irrigation system can be modified easily to adjust to the changing
needs of a garden or lawn.
7. Simplest Method - Start by drawing a map of your garden and yard, showing the location
of plantings. Measure the distances required for lengths of hose or plastic tubing to reach
the desired areas.
With a numerous fields of application and various advantages of the system has made it one
of the major option available for the farmers. The increasing interest in this area of research
may bring about more and more consumer efficient system. Water scarcity the major
problem is well handled by the system. The changing climatic condition and global warming
issues prevailing throughout the world can be overcome only through this system. The
automatic irrigation system will be every farmer’s choice in a decade or so. The improper
advertising was the sole reason for the late adoption and acquaintance of the system that
took place in the late eighties. But with the awareness spreading all over the globe the
system is earning acceptance and so, a number of scientist are investing their time to perfect
the system.

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9) References
www.arduino.cc.in
www.engineeringgarage.com
Integrated Circuits by R.S. Botkar

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