PAINTS

- Paint is mixture of a pigment and a binding medium, usually thinned with a solvent to form a liquid
vehicle.

- Paint is used to decorate or protect surfaces and is generally applied in thin coats which dry (by
evaporation or by oxidation of the vehicle) to an adhesive film

COMPOSITION OF PAINTS
 Paint is composed of colored pigment and a binder
 Pigment: Colored powdered substance (minerals, inorganic salts, dyes)
 Binder: Material that evenly disperses the pigment, adheres to surface when paint applied and
then dries
 Additives: Such as Glycerine for brushability, antioxidants to prevent paint spoilage

TWO CLASSES OF PAINTS

I. OIL PAINT - are pigments dispersed in a drying oil such as linseed oil, castor oil, or tung oil. These
oils are diluted with a thinner, usually turpentine; metallic salts that catalyze oxidation of the oil
may be added to increase the rate of drying. Ex:

a. ENAMEL - Enamel is a varnish with pigments added. Enamel has the same basic durability and
toughness of a good varnish. It produces an easy to-clean surface, and in the proper formulation,
can be used for interior and exterior applications. For the highest quality interior work, an
undercoat is required.
b. ALKYDS(URETHANE)
c. EPOXY(POLYESTER ,ACRYLIC , and POLYAMIDE)
d. ALUMINUM PAINT
e. SHELLAC

II. WATER PAINT - water paints, pigment is dissolved in a mixture of water with a binder such as
glue or casein, or emulsified in a latex polymer. Latex emulsion paint provides such excellent
durability and color retention that it now dominates the paint market. Ex:

a. LATEX PAINT - Consists of a dispersion of fine particles of synthetic resin and pigment in water.
Latex paints are quick-drying, low in odor and thinned with water. They permit the repainting
and decorating of a room within a day. Because latex paints set quickly, tools, equipment and
spattered areas should be cleaned promptly with warm, soapy water. No special primer is
required for interior applications except over bare metal or wood, or over highly alkaline
surfaces. Spot-priming with shellac should be avoided because shiny spots will bleed through the
latex film. Exterior latex house paint can be applied directly to old painted surfaces. On new
wood, it should be applied over a primer.
FUNCTION AND CONSTITUENTS OF PAINT
 Paint can be applied as a solid, a gaseous suspension (aerosol) or a liquid. Techniques vary
depending on the practical or artistic results desired.

1) As a solid (usually used in industrial and automotive applications), the paint is applied as a very
fine powder, and then baked at high temperature. This melts the powder and causes it to adhere
to the surface. The reasons for doing this involve the chemistries of the paint, the surface itself,
and perhaps even the chemistry of the substrate (the object being painted). This is called
"powder coating" an object.

2) As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is suspended in solid or liquid form in a gas that
is sprayed on an object. The paint sticks to the object. This is called "spray painting" an object.

3) And lastly in a liquid application, paint can be applied by direct application using brushes, paint
rollers, blades, other instruments, or body parts such as fingers and thumbs.

PAINT FALIURES

o Peeling/Blistering - The most common due to improper surface treatment before application
and inherent moisture or dampness being present in the substrate.

o Chalking - Chalking is the progressive powdering of the paint film on the painted surface. The
primary reason for the problem is polymer degradation of the paint matrix due to exposure
of UV radiation in sunshine and condensation from dew. The degree of chalking varies as epoxies
react quickly while acrylics and polyurethanes can remain unchanged for long periods.

o Cracking - Cracking of paint film is due to the unequal expansion or contraction of paint coats. It
usually happens when the coats of the paint are not allowed to cure/dry completely before the
next coat is applied.

o Erosion - Erosion is very quick chalking. It occurs due to external agents like air, water etc.

o Blistering - Blistering is due to improper surface exposure of paint to strong sunshine.

 The main reasons of paint failure after application on surface are the applicator and improper
treatment of surface.