DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Law[1] is a system of rules usually enforced through a set of institutions.[2] It affects

politics, economics and society in numerous ways. Contract law regulates everything
from buying a bus ticket to trading swaptions on a derivatives market. Property law
defines rights and obligations related to transfer and title of personal and real property,
for instance, in mortgaging or renting a home. Trust law applies to assets held for
investment and financial security, such as pension funds. Tort law allows claims for
compensation when someone or their property is injured or harmed. If the harm is
criminalised in a penal code, criminal law offers means by which the state prosecutes and
punishes the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for creating laws,
protecting people's human rights, and electing political representatives. Administrative
law relates to the activities of administrative agencies of government. International law
regulates affairs between sovereign nation-states in everything from trade to the
environment to military action. "The rule of law", wrote the ancient Greek philosopher
Aristotle in 350 BC, "is better than the rule of any individual."[3]

Legal systems around the world elaborate legal rights and responsibilities in different
ways. Laws and legal systems reflect the society and culture out of which they arise. A
basic distinction is made between civil law jurisdictions and systems using common law.
Some countries base their law on religious texts, while in others traditional customary
law or Socialist legal theory are strong influences. Scholars investigate the nature of law
through many perspectives, including legal history and philosophy, or social sciences
such as economics and sociology. The study of law raises important questions about
equality, fairness and justice, which are not always simple. "In its majestic equality", said
the author Anatole France in 1894, "the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under
bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread."[4] The most important institutions for
law are the judiciary, the legislature, the executive, its bureaucracy, the military and
police, the legal profession and civil society.

Medicine is the science and "art" of maintaining and/or restoring human health through
the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. The term is derived from the Latin ars
medicina meaning the art of healing.[1][2]

The modern practice of medicine occurs at the many interfaces between the art of
healing and various sciences. Medicine is directly connected to the health sciences and
biomedicine. Broadly speaking, the term 'Medicine' today refers to the fields of clinical
medicine, medical research and surgery, thereby covering the challenges of disease and
injury.
Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in
attaining, maintaining, and recovering optimal health and functioning. Modern definitions
of nursing define it as a science and an art that focuses on promoting quality of life as
defined by persons and families, throughout their life experiences from birth to care at the
end of life.

The aim of the nursing community worldwide is to develop the profession guided by
continuing education based on nursing research, and to regulate standards of competency
and ethics. [5] There are a number of educational paths to becoming a professional nurse,
which vary greatly worldwide, but all involve extensive study of nursing theory and
practice and training in clinical skills.

The authority for the practice of nursing is based upon a social contract that delineates
professional rights and responsibilities as well as mechanisms for public accountability.
In almost all countries, nursing practice is defined and governed by law, and entrance to
the profession is regulated at national or state level.

Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods
and services from producer to final consumer. It comprises the trading of something of
economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more
entities. Commerce functions as the central mechanism which drives capitalism and
certain other economic systems (but compare command economy, for example).
Commercialization or commercialisation consists of the process of transforming
something into a product, service or activity which one may then use in commerce.

Culinary art is the art of cooking. The word "culinary" is defined as something related
to, or connected with, cooking or kitchens. A culinarian is a person working in the
culinary arts. A culinarian is commonly known as a cook or a chef. Culinary artists are
responsible for skillfully preparing meals that are as pleasing to the palate as to the eye.
They work primarily in restaurants, fast food franchises, delicatessens, hospitals and
other institutions and corporations. Kitchen conditions vary depending on the type of
business, restaurant, nursing home etc.

Possible careers

There are a variety of opportunities in the culinary arts profession. Below is a non-
exhaustive list of some opportunities available to those interested in working as culinary
professionals.[2]
 • Chef and Cooks - Work directly with the preparation of food for service in various
establishments including full-service restaurants, catering facilities, institutional
dining, corporate dining, and other various venues.
• Dining Room Service'
• Food and Beverage Managers - Manage all food and beverage outlets in hotels
and other large establishments
• Food and Beverage Controllers - Purchase and source ingredients in large hotels
as well as manage the stores and stock control.
• Consultants and Design Specialists - Works with restaurant owners in
development of menus, layout and design of dining room and establishing kitchen
protocols.
• Salespeople - Introduces chefs and business owners to new products and is able
to demonstrates the proper use of equipment. They may sell any range of products
needed in the industry from various food products to equipment.
• Teachers - Train future culinary professionals with their experience in the
classroom.
• Food Writers and Food Critics - Establish a public contact with the public on food
trends, chefs and restaurants. Many write for newspapers, magazines and some
publish books. Notables in this field include Julia Child, Craig Claiborne and
James Beard.
• Food Stylists and Photographers - Work with magazines, books, catalogs and
promotional and advertising to make them visually appealing.
• Research and Development Kitchens - Develop new products for commercial
manufacturers, they can also be test kitchens for publications or others can be
kitchens for restaurant chains or grocery chains

Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying scientific and technical

knowledge to the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes.
The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development, also known as ECPD,[1]
(later ABET [2]) defines Engineering as: "The creative application of scientific principles
to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or
works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with
full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating
conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life
and property."[3][4][5] One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those
licensed to do so have formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered
Engineer or Incorporated Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a
range of specialised subdisciplines that focus on the issues associated with developing a
specific kind of product, or using a specific type of technology.
Police are agents or agencies empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and
social order through the legitimate use of force. The term is most commonly associated
with police departments of a state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that
state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes via
French from the Latin politia (“civil administration”), which itself derives from the
Ancient Greek πόλις, for polis ("city").[1]

The first police force comparable to present-day police was established in 1667 under
King Louis XIV in France, although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800
establishment of the Marine Police in London, the Glasgow Police, and the Napoleonic
police of Paris.[2][3][4]

The first modern police force is also commonly said to be the London Metropolitan
Police, established in 1829, which promoted the preventive role of police as a deterrent to
urban crime and disorder.[5] The notion that police are primarily concerned with enforcing
criminal law was popularized in the 1930s with the rise of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation as the pre-eminent law enforcement agency in the United States; law
enforcement however has only ever constituted a small portion of policing activity.[6]
Policing has included an array of activities in different contexts, but the predominant ones
are concerned with order maintenance and the provision of services.[7] Alternative names
for police force include constabulary, gendarmerie, police department, police service, or
law enforcement agency, and members can be police officers, troopers, sheriffs,
constables, rangers, or peace officers. Russian police and police of the Soviet-era Eastern
Europe are (or were) called militsiya.

In England and Wales, each police force or service is overseen by a police authority

Seaman as a rate refers to the one of the lowest rates in a navy. In Commonwealth
context it refers to the lowest rank in the navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading
Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks.

Construction workers are employed in the construction industry and work

predominately on construction sites and are typically engaged in aspects of the industry
other than design or finance. The term includes general construction workers, also
referred to as labourers and members of specialist trades such as electricians, carpenters
and plumbers.[1]