AN OVERVIEW

A method of stringing a bundle of cables from a suspension

bracket suspended from a tower cross arm by insulator strings
includes securing a temporary connection along at least a part of
one of the strings to provide a temporary suspension connection
which enables the string to be uncoupled, so that one of the cables
can be passed through the uncoupled string. The string is then
recoupled and the temporary connection is removed to allow the
conductor to be secured to the suspension bracket. This method
enables one or more cables to be secured above the suspension
bracket for reducing the voltage gradient across the lowermost
insulators of the strings.
 INTRODUCTION

In a method of stringing a bundle of sub-conductors from a

suspension bracket suspended by insulator strings each extending
from a supporting structure to a suspension bracket, the
improvement comprising the steps of;
securing a temporary connector device along at least a part of one
of said insulator strings to provide a temporary suspension
connection through a portion of said one insulator string and said
temporary connector device;
A method of stringing conductors as said above which includes
actuating said temporary connector device, after the securing
thereof, to take up tension in said one insulator string.
A method of stringing conductors which includes inserting a pin
through said suspension bracket and said temporary connector
device to secure the latter to the former at said lower connection
point.
A method of clipping in an electrical conductor to a suspension
bracket suspended by insulator assemblies from a support, said
method comprising the steps of: Temporarily suspending said
conductor near said suspension bracket;
Positioning a temporary connector device along a lower portion of
one of said insulator assemblies;
Securing a lower end of said temporary connector device to said
suspension bracket;
Securing an upper end of said temporary connector device to an
insulator forming part of said one insulator assembly;
effecting relative displacement of said upper and lower ends of
said temporary connector device towards one another to release
tension in said one insulator assembly there between, whereby said
temporary connector suspends said suspension bracket from said
insulator;

Uncoupling said one insulator assembly to provide a gap therein

between said upper and lower ends of said temporary connector;

Raising said conductor through said gap;

recoupling said one insulator assembly to close said gap;

releasing and removing said temporary connector device from said

suspension bracket and said one insulator assembly, whereby said
suspension bracket is again suspended by said one insulator
assembly; and

Clamping said conductor to said suspension bracket.

A method as above which includes positioning said temporary

connector device above said one insulator prior to and during the
securing of said upper and lower ends to said insulator and said
suspension bracket, respectively, whereby said conductor is
received between said temporary connector device and said one
insulator assembly upon the recoupling of the latter.

In a method of stringing conductors from a suspension bracket

suspended by insulator string from a supporting structure, the
improvement comprising the steps of:

Providing a temporary suspension connection between said

supporting structure and said suspension bracket adjacent one of
said insulator strings;

Releasing tension in said one insulator string to allow

disconnection of said one insulator string while said temporary
suspension connection maintains the suspension of said suspension
bracket;
A method of stringing conductors as claimed in claim 10, which
includes contracting said temporary suspension connection to
slacken said one insulator string between opposite ends of said
temporary suspension connection and thereby facilitate the
disconnection of said one insulator string.

A method of stringing conductors as claimed in claim 10, in which

said temporary suspension connection extends from a point on said
suspension bracket aligned with said one insulator string to an
insulator intermediate the ends of said one insulator string.

A method as above which includes providing as said temporary

suspension connection a generally C-shaped device which is
resistant to bending and securing the free ends of said C-shaped
device to said suspension bracket and said insulator, respectively.

A method as above which includes temporarily holding said one

conductor above said suspension bracket during the reconnection
of said string and the removal of said temporary suspension
connection.
In high voltage transmission lines, it is common practice to
suspend sub-conductors or cables in a bundle from a tower by
means of a suspension assembly comprising a suspension bracket
or yoke suspended at the lower ends of insulator strings, which are
connected at their upper ends to a cross-arm of the tower.

To provide such a suspension of the cables, the suspension bracket

is firstly suspended from the tower by the insulator strings, and a
bundle or stringing block is suspended from the suspension
bracket, the bundle or stringing block comprising a plurality of
rollers or pulleys formed with peripheral grooves for receiving the
cables.

In some cases, the bundle block may be supported directly from

the tower cross-arm independently of the suspension bracket and
insulator strings.

A pulling line is passed through the bundle block, and the bundle
of cables is pulled into place using a common pulling board.

The cables are then "sagged" to the correct tension, after which the
cables are "clipped in", i.e. transferred from the bundle or stringing
block to the suspension bracket, to which they are attached by
clamps. The transfer of the cables from the bundle or stringing
block to the suspension bracket is effected by temporarily
supporting the cables to remove their weight from the bundle or
stringing block, the cables usually being supported by cushioned
support brackets attached to the cables, and the support brackets
being connected to the tower cross-arm, usually by means of a
coupling yoke and an adjustable system to permit raising of the
cables from the bundle block. The block is then normally removed
to enable the cables to be transferred to their final positions in
suspension clamps provided on the suspension bracket.
It is also usual to temporarily support at least one of the cables
from the suspension bracket before removal of the stringing block
in order to tension the insulator strings.

It has been known for some time that the cable suspension should
desirably be designed so as to avoid the existence of undesirably
high voltage gradients across the individual insulators of the
insulator strings by which the suspension bracket is suspended.
Devices such as grading rings and shields have been employed in
the past in order to make such voltage gradients more uniform and
thereby to relieve stress across the insulators situated nearest the
suspension bracket, which would otherwise bear disproportionately
high fractions of the total line to ground voltage.

Also, it has been proposed to design the suspension bracket to

counteract such high voltage gradients by supporting the cables
near the lowermost insulators of the strings.

In addition, in order to keep to a minimum the required height of

the towers required for suspending the cables, it is desirable to
have the bundle of cables positioned as high as possible with
respect to the suspension bracket. This can advantageously be done
by clamping one or more of the cables to the top of the suspension
bracket example, discloses an arrangement in which three cables
are clamped to a suspension plate in a triangular array with one of
the cables, at the apex of the triangular array, positioned near the
top of the suspension bracket and between two strings of insulators
disposed in a V-array.

.
 Survey
Why Survey?
For deciding the route of Line
To Decide Tower type
Clearing ROW
Finalization of BOQ
Survey Includes
Route Alignment
Detail Survey & preparation of profile
Tower Spotting
Check Survey
Soil Investigation
 Approvals

NH Road Crossings
River/ Canal / Drain Crossings
Railway Crossings
Agriculture Clearance
MCD
PWD
DDA
DJB
Pre-Planning
4.2.1.1 Tools and equipment
Torque wrench Hand tools
Hydraulic cutter / Bolt cutter Lifting gear
Truck with crane Ladders
Hand lines cable jacks
Aerial basket / bucket Trestles
Compression crimping equipment Tension stringing gear /
 PP Rope
• Wire Rope
• PP & Wire Rope Pulleys
• Slings
• Hydraulic Compression Machine
• Turn Table
• Come Along Clamps
• Motorized Winch Machine
• Spanners
• Dynamometer
• Walkie Talkies
4.2.1.2 Preparations
 Ensure erected structure is to specifications
 Provide suitable access and platform for trestles /
cable jacks / tension stringing gear
 Provide suitable access for running out of conductors
and pilot cables
 Ensure that conductors does not kink when running
out
 On long section of line radio commutation must be
maintained when running out conductors.
 Ensure appropriate crimper and correct dies on site
 Running blocks to be connected to insulators strings to
run conductors through.
 Ensure to work only in barricaded area when working
in existing substation
 Provide suitable access for truck and aerial basket
Running out and tensioning conductor
 Set up drum stations on level ground in line with the
direction of run out.
 Run out conductor
 Tension conductor using approved tensioning method
 Terminate conductors as required by substation
design drawing.
 Clearances for HT Overhead
Lines
Ground Clearance 5.2 mtr upto 33kV & +0.3 mtr for every
33 kV

Road Crossing 6.1 mtr upto 33kV & +0.3 mtr for every
33kV

Horizontal Clearance
from Bldg Upto 33 kV 2 mtr
Above 33kV 2 mtr + 0.3 mtr for every 33kV

Vertical Clearance
from Bldg Upto 33 kV 3.7 mtr
Above 33kV 3.7 mtr + 0.3 mtr for every 33kV

Railway Track
Inside Station Area 10 mtr for 33kV & +0.3 mtr for
every 33kV
Outside Station Area 7.6 mtr for 33kV & +0.3 mtr for
every 33kV
4. Work instruction
Risk assessment
Risk assessment shall be done on site for each new task .
Risks
Identified shall be recorded together with the steps to be
taken to minimize such risks.
The risk assessment shall cover risks associated with at
least the following:
Working in close proximity of live equipment
Roadside work
Noise levels and effectiveness of communication
Work in elevated positions
Condition of poles, structures, hardware and conductors
Weight of poles, structures, hardware and conductors to
be lifted or displaced
Rating of equipment (SWL, kV)
Integrity of line
Integrity of structures
Integrity of holes and foundation
Bystanders
Weather conditions
Equipment and tools
Material or spares
Work position of workers and specific tasks
Overall supervision
Complete declaration and sign

Safety Requirements
Note: The workers retain the right to refuse to work on
grounds of health and safety
 Correct height conductors drums for running out of
conductor
 Enough person to run out conductors
 Enough people to string and connect conductors.
 Barricade the work site if required
 Ensure isolation and sufficient earthing
  Be aware of obstacles (Fences, Telkom and railway
lines, roads etc.)

 No person to be below the drums being
loaded/unloaded
 No unauthorised entry is allowed on the site being
worked on.
 Use of Safety helmets and safety belts
 First Aid box at site.
 Vehicle stationed at site with supervisor
 Discharge operating rod
 Earthing chain
 Tools to be carried in a small bag to the top
 Use of Red & Green flags during crossings
 Condition of pulleys and ropes to be checked
periodically

5. Roles and responsibilities

5.1. Responsibilities
5.1.1 The Designated Person or his delegate shall
ensure that persons are trained
and equipped to do the stringing and droppers in Sub-
stations.
5.1.2 The Principal Construction Official or his delegate
shall ensure that:
5.1.2.1 Quality inspections are carried out and the quality
report is completed
5.1.2.2 All environmental requirements are met
5.1.2.3 Applicable drawings and scope of work are on site
5.1.2.4 Correct lifting equipment (Safe working load) is on
site
5.1.2.5 All outages arranged beforehand
5.1.2.6 Test results and calibration certificates are valid
5.1.3 The responsible person on site shall ensure that:
5.1.3.1 All safety requirements are met for every specific
scope of work
5.1.3.2 Risk analysis is done
5.1.3.3 Adequate supervision is carried out on all persons on
the work site to ensure their safety
4.1. Packing
Drums shall have a suitable structure for transportation and
handling. Drums shall furthermore
have a heavy-duty construction suitable to use with tension
stringing equipment.
8
Metallic hub reinforcement shall be provided for all drums.
Arbor hole diameter shall be 8.5 cm.
Diameters of the cylindrical parts of the drums where the
conductor shall be wrapped shall be
at least
500 mm for Rose, Lily, Pansy, Poppy, Aster, Phlox,
Oxlip, Swallow and Pigeon type
conductors,
600 mm for Partridge,
800 mm for Hawk type conductors.
Length of conductor per drum shall be in compliance with the
lengths recommended in APP III
within 5 % tolerances. Pieces of length less than up to 1/3 of
the contractual length shall be
accepted provided that total amount of such pieces shall not
exceed 5 % of the supply.
Each drum shall be lagged with boards and strapped with
steel belts over the boards to protect
the conductors during loading, shipment and unloading.
Thickness of the boards used to cover
the conductors shall be at least 20 mm for all types except
Hawk and 25 mm for Hawk.
Conductor end shall be secured to drums so that conductor’s
slippage shall be prevented.
Following information shall be written on each drum’s
packing:
− Purchaser’s name
− Purchaser’s order number
− Purchaser’s material code number
− Year and month of manufacture
− Manufacturer’s name
− Type of conductor
− Cross-sectional area of conductor, mm2
− Length of conductor, m
− Gross and net weight, kg.

2.3.3. Stranding
All wires of the conductor shall be concentrically stranded
with reverse lay directions. The
wires in each layer shall be evenly and closely stranded
around the underlying wire or wires.
The lay ratios shall be in compliance with TS-IEC 1089.
The strand of the conductor shall not untwist or spring apart
when the conductor is cut.
All steel wires shall lie naturally in their position in the
stranded core, and where the core is cut
for splicing, the wire ends shall remain in position or be
readily replaced by hand and then
remain approximately in position.

2.3.4. Joints
There shall be no joints of any kind made in the zinc-coated
steel core wire or wires during
stranding.
No more than one jointed aluminium finished wire as
permitted in the TS 6467/IEC 888 shall
be used per drum of conductor.
Joints are permitted in aluminium wires broken during
stranding, provided such breaks are not
associated with either inherently defective wire or with the
use of short lengths of aluminium
wires. Number of joints shall not exceed those specified in
TS-IEC 1089.These joints shall not
be closer than 15 m from a joint in the same wire or in any
other aluminium wire of the
completed conductor.
DEAD-END
CONDUCTOR USED IN NDPL

Sr NoConductorCurrent No. of Wt( Approx

carrying Strand kg) Strength
capability Al Al Kg
At 40’ St St
At 45’
1 Rabbit 208A 6 1 145 1860
193A 69
2 Dog 324A 6 1 288 3299
300A 106
3 Wolf 430A 30 7 436 6880
398A 291
4 Goat 680A 30 7 896 13780
630A 596
5 Zebra 795A 54 7 1185 13316
736A 438
6 Moose 900A 54 7 1160 16250
835A 589
Conductor Connections
When making connections, the conductor shall be cleaned of
all foreign matter and oxide film, and coated
with a generous application of corrosion inhibitor (unless the
connector is pre-filled with inhibitor). For
aluminum to copper connections, the aluminum shall be on
top. Aluminum conductor is not to be used
with transformer or other line device terminals of the bolted
clamp type (an adapter from aluminum to
copper is required). Spade lugs may be used to connect
aluminum conductors to equipment terminals if
the terminals are plated aluminum or plated copper flat
surfaces of adequate ampacity.
 TYPE OF TOWER

TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE C

HARDWAR SUPERSTRUCTUR
TYPE E Wt E Wt TOTAL Wt
TYPE A 108.342 Kg 2061.597 Kg 2169.939 Kg
TYPE A+3 15.204 Kg 439.472 Kg 454.676 Kg
TYPE A+6 90.700 Kg 476.308 Kg 567.008 Kg
TYPE B 167.670 Kg 3019.119 Kg 3186.789 Kg
TYPE B+3 30.504 Kg 768.728 Kg 799.232 Kg
TYPE B+6 57.218 Kg 795.632 Kg 852.850 Kg
TYPE C 237.508 Kg 4351.996 Kg 4589.504 Kg
TYPE C+3 54.794 Kg 1271.986 Kg 1326.690 Kg
TYPE C+6 85.321 Kg 2605.548 Kg 2690.869 Kg
Conclusion

The main purpose of this project is to lay a strong foundation in

stringing of conductor.

This paper inspects the procedure of stringing of conductor in

proper way.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a

novel and improved method of stringing conductors from a
suspension bracket which enables at least one of the cables to be
brought into position above the suspension bracket past insulator
strings suspending the suspension bracket. SUMMARY OF THE
INVENTION

To that end, in accordance with the present invention, there is

provided a method of stringing conductors from a suspension
bracket suspended by insulator strings which comprises
temporarily suspending the conductors near the suspension
bracket, providing a temporary connection along at least a portion
of one of the insulator strings, uncoupling such insulator string
portion, so that the suspension bracket is temporarily suspended
through the temporary connection, passing at least one of the
conductors through the uncoupled insulator string, recoupling the
latter, removing the temporary connection, and securing said one
or more conductors to the suspension bracket.

To facilitate the uncoupling of the insulator string, the upper and

lower ends of the temporary connection are preferably displaced
towards one another to release tension in the insulator string
therebetween prior to the uncoupling of the insulator string.