CONTEMPORARY

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
(NON-SECULAR)

BY: OLIT, DONNABEL LOU L.

LOTUS
TEMPLE
  Built by Iranian architect Fariborz Sahba
 Architectural Style : Expressionist
 Located in New Delhi, India

LOTUS  Year of Design: 1976

 The team comprised of 800 engineers,
TEMPLE technicians, workers and artisans
 Years of Construction: 1978 - 1986
 Was consecrated and opened to the public
in December 1986.
  is a Bahāʾī Faith House of Worship or
mashriq al-adkhār, Arabic phrase
meaning "Dawning-place of the
remembrances of God"
LOTUS  It serves as the Mother Temple of
the Indian Subcontinent
TEMPLE  Like every other Bahāʾī Houses of
Worship, the Lotus Temple is open to all,
regardless of religion or any other
qualification.
 The structure is
inspired by the lotus
flower and is arguably
one of the most visible
instances of biomimicry
in contemporary
architecture.
The overall effect is that of
a floating lotus flower—a
Bahāʾī symbol of purity,
beauty, and divinity—on
the verge of blooming and
surrounded by its leaves.
  The temple complex consists of the main house
of worship; the ancillary block which houses
the reception centre, the library and the
administrative building; and the restrooms
LOTUS block.

TEMPLE  Set on an elevated plinth in a 26-acre (10.5-

hectare) expanse of landscaped gardens, the
white marble edifice rises to a height of more
than 40 metres (130 ft) and diameter of 70
meters (230 ft).
 • The temple is built of marble, cement and sand.
The petals were coated with marble from
Rajasthani Macrana, dolomite cement is mine
Alwar, near Delhi, and white silica sand Jaipur. The
structure is concrete combining precast concrete
also fluted petals.

MATERIALS • More than 10,000 different sizes of marble were

used in the construction of the Lotus Temple.

• The reinforcement used was entirely galvanized

steel to avoid the long term negative effects of iron
rusting. A Concrete mix design of M30 concrete has
been used.
In keeping with Bahá'í
scripture, the Lotus temple is
organized as a nine-sided
circular structure that is
comprised of 27 “leaves” or
“petals” (marble-clad free-
standing concrete slabs),
organized in groups of three
on each of the temple’s nine
sides.
 “Inner Leaves”
“Entrance Leaves” In the innermost ring,
Petals in the first ring the petals curve inward
face outward, forming to partially enclose the
canopies over the nine central prayer hall,
entrances. which accommodates
about 2,500 people.

“Outer Leaves”
The second ring
covers the outer
hall.
All around the lotus are
red sandstone walkways,
with beautiful curved
balustrades, bridges ,stairs
and which surround the
nine pools representing
the floating leaves of the
lotus. Apart from serving
an obvious aesthetic
function, the pools also
help ventilate the building.
Below the entrance
leaves and outer leaves,
nine massive arches
rise in a ring. A row of
steps through each
arch lead into the main
hall
The interior of the
structure is revealed
in true Expressionist
fashion, with precast
ribbed roof exposed
in the worship
spaces.
Lotus Temple
Model
The top of the
structure appears
open but actually
contains a glass-
and-steel roof that
admits natural
daylight.
 Of the temple's total
electricity use of 500
kilowatts (KW),
120KW is provided
by solar power
generated by the
building. This saves
the temple
120,000 rupees per
month. It is the first
temple in Delhi to
use solar power.
• The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards and
been featured in hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles.
• Since its inauguration to public worship in December 1986, the
Bahá'í House of Worship in Delhi has, as of late 2001, attracted
more than 70 million visitors, making it one of the most visited
buildings in the world.
• It has become the most visited building in India, surpassing even
the Taj Mahal with some 4.5 million visitors a year.
CONTEMPORARY

(SECULAR)
Rashtrapati
Bhavan
  Architect: Edwin Lutyens
 Architectural Style: Delhi Order

Rashtrapati  Location: New Delhi, Delhi, India

 Construction Started : 1912
Bhavan  Completed: 1929
 Formerly known as “The Viceroy’s
House”
  the official residence of the Rashtrapati
or the President of India

 the largest residence of a head of state in

Rashtrapati the world until the Presidential Complex
of Turkey opened 29 October 2014.
Bhavan
 It took almost 18 years to construct this
building and on the on the 18th year of
its completion, India became
independent.
  Consisting of 4 floors and 340 rooms
 600 feet long from end to end, 180 feet
to the top of its central dome
Rashtrapati  Floor area: 200,000 sq ft (19,000 sqm)
 covered 4 ½ acres and included 12
Bhavan separate internal courtyards
 built using 700 million bricks and
3,000,000 cu ft (85,000 cu. m) of stone
with only a minimal usage of steel.
  Lutyens' early designs were all starkly
classical and entirely European in style.
Lutyens professed no fondness at all for
Rashtrapati Indian touches on western architecture.
Indeed, he disliked the idea of an
Bhavan "'orientalised' classicism"; but, after all, he
had to reach a compromise.
 After much political debate Lutyens
conceded to incorporating local indo-
Saracenic motifs.
Various Indian designs were added to the building. These included:

 several circular stone

basins on top of the
building, as water
features are an
important part of Indian
architecture.
 several chuttris on the
roofline which helped
to break up the flatness
of the roofline not
covered by the dome
a traditional Indian chujja or
grilles made from red sandstone,
chhajja: a sharp, thin, protruding
called jalis or jaalis. These jalis
element which extended 8 ft. (2.4
were inspired by Rajasthani
m) from the building, and created
design.
deep shadows
statues of elephants and
fountain sculptures of cobras
in the gar of the retaining
walls
bas-reliefs around the base of the Jaipur
Column, made by British sculptor, Charles
Sargeant Jagger. The column has a distinctly
peculiar crown on top, a glass star springing
out of bronze lotus blossom
The front of the palace, on the
east side, has 12 unevenly
spaced massive columns
with the Delhi Order capitals.
These capitals have a fusion
of acanthus leaves with the 4
pendant Indian bells.
The Central Dome
• raised copper-clad central
dome.
• Octagonal turrets encircle a
pierced stone drum, which is
capped with a vast
hemispherical.
• more than twice the height of
the building itself.
• supported by evenly spaced
columns which form a porch
with an open area between.
• reflects both Indian and
British Styles . (The Pantheon
of Rome and the Buddhist
Stupa at Sanchi)
 11
1. Main Entrance Portico
11

2. North Court 11 8 9
10
11

3. South Court 11

4. Durbar Hall
5 5 5 11

5. State Drawing Room

6. State Library 3 4 2 11

7. State Supper Room

8. State Dining Room 7 6
11

9. West Garden Loggia 1

10. State Ballroom 11

11. Court
FLOOR PLAN
Durbar Hall

underneath the main

dome, is the Durbar Hall,
which was known as the
Throne Room during
British rule when it had
thrones for the Viceroy and
Vicereine (his wife)
The hall has a 2-ton
chandelier which hangs
from a 33-metre height.
Royal Ballroom Ashoka Hall
State Dining Room North Drawing Room
 Mughal Gardens

 situated at the back

of the Rashtrapati
Bhavan, incorporate
both Mughal and
English landscaping
styles and feature a
great variety of
flowers.
In July 2014, a museum inside Rashtrapati Bhavan was inaugurated by
President of India Pranab Mukherjee. The museum helps visitors to get an
inside view of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, its art, architecture and get educated
about lives of past presidents.
-END-
Thank You!