JIM101 – CALCULUS

ASSIGNMENT 1 – 2010 / 2011

SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Evaluate the following limits if exist:

 2x 1  
i) lim 2  .
x  x  2 x
  
 2x 1 
 2  2
 lim x 2 x 
x   x 2x 
 2 2 
x x 
2 1 
  2
 lim x x 
x   2 
 1 
 x 
2 1

00 0
    0
2 1 0 1
1


 sin 3 x  0
ii) lim 
x 0 sin 2 x
  0
 sin 3 x  2 x  3 
 lim   
x 0 sin 2 x
  3 x  2 
 sin 3 x  2 x  3 
 lim   
x 0
 3 x  sin 2 x  2 
3 3
 11   
2 2

 x2  x  0
iii) lim 2 
x 1 x  1 
  0
x( x  1)
 lim
x 1 ( x  1)( x  1)

x 1 1
 lim  
x 1 ( x  1) 11 2
  
 
2x
 0
iv) lim .
x 0  1 1 0
  
 4 x 2
 
 
 2x 
 lim 
x0 2  4 x
 
 2 4 x 
 4x 4 x 
 lim 

x0 2  4 x
 
 4x 4 x  2  4 x 
 lim 
 2 


x0 2  4 x 4 x
  

 lim
4x 
4 x 2 4 x 
x0 4   4  x

 lim
4x
4 x 2  4 x 
x0 x

 lim  4 4  x 2 
x0
 
4  x  4 4 2   
4  32

(b) Given that

 5x  7 , x  1
 2
f ( x )  2 x  kx  1 , 1  x  3 .
 28 , x3


i) Since f(x) is continuous at x = – 1

Left Limit = Right Limit at x = – 1

lim 5 x  7  lim 2 x 2  kx  1
x  1 x 1

5(1)  7  2(1) 2  k (1)  1  5( 1)  7

 5  7  2  k 1
2  3 k
k 1

ii) k =1 , then
 5x  7 , x  1
 2
f ( x )  2 x  x  1 , 1  x  3
 28 , x3

Condition 1 : f (3)  2(3)  3  1  22
2
 Condition 2 : lim 2 x 2  x  1  22
x 3

lim 28  28
x 3 
Since left limit is not equal to right limit, thus f(x) discontinuous at x = 3

x
2. (a) 1  0
x 2 2

x2  2  x
 0.
x2  2
x2  x  2
0
x2  2
( x  1)( x  2)
0

x 2 x 2  
x 2  0, or x   2
x  1  0, or x  1
x 2  0, or x  2
x  2  0, or x  2

x 2  2  x  1 1  x  2 2x2 x2

x 2 – + + + +
x 1 – – + + +
x 2 – – – + +
x2 – – – – +
 ( x  1)( x  2) NO YES NO YES NO
0
 x  2  x  2  + – + – +

The solution for x is given by   

2 ,1  2 ,2 

1
(b) f ( x)  . Using the definition of derivatives,
2x  1
1
f  x  h 
2( x  h)  1
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
f / ( x)  lim
h 0 h
1 1

f ( x)  lim
/ 2 x  2 h  1 2 x 1
h 0 h
 1 1 1
 lim  
h  0 2 x  2h  1 2x  1 h

 2 x  1  2 x  2h  1  1
 lim 
h 0  2 x  2 h  1 2 x  1  h
 
  2h 1
 lim 
h 0  2 x  2 h  1 2 x  1  h
 
 2 
 lim 
h 0  2 x  2 h  1 2 x  1 
 
2

 2 x  0  1 2 x  1
2

(2 x  1) 2

dy
(c) Find for each of the following:
dx

i) y  ln(sin 2 x)

y  2 ln(sin x )
dy 2 cos x

dx sin x
 ii) x 2 y 2  y ln( x )  2 x  1  0

d
dx
x2 y2   d
dx
 y ln( x)   d  2 x   d 1  d  0
dx dx dx
 dy   y dy 
 2 xy  2 x y     ln x 20
2 2

 dx   x dx 
dy y dy
2 xy 2  2 x 2 y   ln x 2
dx x dx
dy dy
2x 2 y 2  2x 3 y  y  x ln x  2x
dx dx
dy dy
2x 3 y  x ln x  2x  2x 2 y 2  y
dx dx
2 x 3 y  x ln x
dy
dx
  2x  2x 2 y 2  y

dy 2 x  2 x 2 y 2  y

dx 2 x 3 y  x ln x

e2x
iii) y .
x 1

 
dy ( x  1) 2e 2 x  e 2 x 1

dx  x  1 2
e 2 x  2 x  3

 x  1 2

3. (a) Given the function f ( x)  x 3  8 x 2  16 x

i) Find the interval(s) where f(x) is increasing or decreasing. Hence,

determine the extremum point(s).

f / ( x)  3 x 2  16 x  16
f / ( x)  0
3 x 2  16 x  16  0
 3x  4 x  4  0
4
x or x4
3
  4
 , x
3

 4 f / ( x)   , f ( x ) increasing
f / ( x )   , x4
 3 f ( x)  
/
, f ( x ) decreasing
 , x4


 4
Thus interval of increasing will be   ,    4,  
 3
4 
and interval of decreasing is  ,4 
3 
From second derivatives test
 4
 8  0 , x  f // ( x)  0 , x is maximum
f // ( x)  6 x  16   3
 8  0 , x  4 f ( x)  0
//
, x is minimum

 4  4   1 2
Thus Maximum point is  , f     1 ,28 
 3  3   3 3
and Minimum point is  4, f  4     4,128

ii) Find the interval(s) where f(x) is concave up or down. Hence, determine
the inflection point(s).

f // ( x )  6 x  16
16 2
f // ( x )  0 hence x  2
6 3
6 x  16  0
 2
  , x  2 f // ( x)  0 , f ( x) is concave down
f // ( x)   3
2 f ( x)  0
//
, f ( x) is concave up
 , x  2
 3

 2 
Thus interval of concave up is  2 ,  
 3 
  2
and interval of concave down is   ,2 
 3
2
Inflection point occur at x  2
3
 2  2   2 2
and the point is  2 , f  2     2 ,14 
 3  3   3 9

(b) Figure 1 shows that ABCD is a rectangle in which the side AB is greater
than the side BC. The side AB and BC vary in length in such a way that
perimeter of the rectangle ABCD is always 16 cm. Points P and Q are on AB
and CD respectively so that PBCQ is square.
y
A P B

D Q C

Figure 1

i) If the length of AB and BC is y and x respectively, prove that the area of

the rectangle APQD is 8x – 2x2

The perimeter ABCD is

2 y  2 x  16
y 8 x

The area APQD

  y  x x
 (8  x  x ) x
 (8  2 x ) x
 8x  2 x 2

ii) Determine the value of x that maximizes the area of the rectangle APQD
 A  8x  2 x 2
dA
 8  4x d2A
dx  4  0
dx 2
dA
0 Hence x  2 will
dx
maximize the area
0  8  4x
x2

iii) Obtain the maximum area of APQD.

Substitute x = 2 into the area

Maximum area is 8(2) – 2(2)2 = 8 unit2

END