CHAPTER 2: CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE  Characteristics & functions of each animal cells’ parts: -

CELLS Cell Part Characteristic Function

- Support the cell
 Basic unit of living thing. Thick layer of cellulose
Cell Wall - Maintain the shape of
 Differ in size, shape & function. around cell membrane
cell
 2 types: - Animal cells & Plant cells.
Controls what goes in &
Cell Membrane Thin layer around the cell
ANIMAL CELLS out of cell
Consists of nucleus & Has the functions of
 Variable / irregular shapes. Protoplasm
cytoplasm nucleus & cytoplasm
 General structure: - Place where chemical
Watery, jelly-like &
Cytoplasm process (metabolism)
colourless mixture in cell
occurred
Controls all of activities
Nucleus Contains chromosomes
in cell
- Cell sap contains water
 Characteristics & functions of each animal cells’ parts: - that dissolves sugar &
Cell Part Characteristic Function Large space that contains salt
Vacuoles
Thin layer around the Controls what goes in & cell sap - Cell sap makes cell firm
Cell Membrane (taking water) or makes
cell out of cell
cell wilt (losing water)
Consists of nucleus & Has the functions of
Protoplasm Chlorophyll traps light
cytoplasm nucleus & cytoplasm Tiny discs shape that
Chloroplast energy to make food
Watery, jelly-like & Place where chemical contain chlorophyll
colourless mixture in process (metabolism) (photosynthesize)
Cytoplasm
cell occurred Tiny grains of starch in
Starch Granules Represent stored food
cytoplasm
Contains Controls all of activities
Nucleus
chromosomes in cell
Small but numerous Stores water, liquids & SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANIMAL & PLANT
Vacuoles
tiny spaces food particles CELLS

PLANT CELLS  Similarities of both cells: -

- Have nuclei.
 Regular / fixed shapes - Have cell membranes.
 General structure: - - Have cytoplasm.
 Differences between both cells: -
- Plant cells have cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, starch
granules, cell sap (in vacuoles).
- Vacuoles in plant cells are larger compared to animal
cells.
- Plant cells have fixed shapes while animal cells have
variable shape.
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
 Made up of one cell only.
 Example: Amoeba, bacterium, euglena, paramecium, yeast.
 Very tiny & can only be seen under microscope.
 Most of unicellular organisms are microorganisms.

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
 Made up of more than one cell.
 Example: Earthworm, hydra, spirogyra
 Various in sizes. Some are tiny & can only be seen under
microscope while others are big & clearly visible.

CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS & SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY

 Organization of cells in human body:
Cells Tissues Organs Systems Human
 Tissue is made up of groups / layer of similar cells. Every cell
in a tissue performs the same types of function.
 Organ is made up of groups of different types of tissues.
Different types of tissues perform different functions.
 Body system is made up of various types of organs that working
together to perform a main body function.