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Civil Engineering

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Refresher
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A Self-Review Guide
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Jan Monsalud
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Copyright c 2017 Jan Monsalud

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Contents

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I Engineering Mathematics, Surveying, and Transportation
Engineering 1
1 Algebra 3
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1.1 New Test Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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2 Plane and Solid Geometry 13

Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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3 Plane and Spherical Trigonometry 17

Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4 Probability and Statistics 19

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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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5 Analytic Geometry 21
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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6 Differential Calculus 23
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

7 Integral Calculus 25
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

8 Advance Mathematics 27
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

9 Engineering Economy 29
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

i
ii CONTENTS

10 Surveying 31
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

11 Highway and Transportation Engineering 33

Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

II Fluid Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 35

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12 Fluid Mechanics 37
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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13 Hydraulics 39
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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14 Geotechnical Engineering 41
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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15 Foundation Engineering 43
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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III Structural Engineering and Construction Engineering 45
16 Engineering Mechanics 47
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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

17 Strength of Materials 49
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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

18 Theory of Structures 51
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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

19 Reinforced Concrete Design 53

Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
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20 Steel Design 55
Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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21 Structural Engineering 57
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Review Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
 n
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Part I

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Engineering Mathematics,
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Surveying, and
Transportation Engineering
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1
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Algebra
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1
CHAPTER

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4 CHAPTER 1. ALGEBRA

1.1 New Test Section

Nam dui ligula, fringilla a, euismod so-
dales, sollicitudin vel, wisi. Morbi auc-
tor lorem non justo. Nam lacus libero,
pretium at, lobortis vitae, ultricies et, tel-
lus. Donec aliquet, tortor sed accumsan
orci et nisl hendrerit mollis. Suspendisse
ut massa. Cras nec ante. Pellentesque
a nulla. Cum sociis natoque penatibus
et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur
ridiculus mus. Aliquam tincidunt urna.

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bibendum, erat ligula aliquet magna, vi- Nulla ullamcorper vestibulum turpis. Pel-

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tae ornare odio metus a mi. Morbi ac lentesque cursus luctus mauris.

Sample Problem 1.1

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Nulla malesuada porttitor diam. Donec felis erat, congue non, volutpat at,
tincidunt tristique, libero. Vivamus viverra fermentum felis. Donec nonummy

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pellentesque ante. Phasellus adipiscing semper elit. Proin fermentum massa ac
quam. Sed diam turpis, molestie vitae, placerat a, molestie nec, leo. Maecenas
lacinia. Nam ipsum ligula, eleifend at, accumsan nec, suscipit a, ipsum. Morbi
cir
blandit ligula feugiat magna. Nunc eleifend consequat lorem. Sed lacinia nulla
vitae enim. Pellentesque tincidunt purus vel magna. Integer non enim. Prae-
sent euismod nunc eu purus. Donec bibendum quam in tellus. Nullam cursus
pulvinar lectus. Donec et mi. Nam vulputate metus eu enim. Vestibulum
pellentesque felis eu massa.
or

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, con- Sed commodo posuere pede. Mauris ut
sectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, est. Ut quis purus. Sed ac odio. Sed vehic-
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vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vi-
tae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mau-
ris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, con-
sectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec
vehicula augue eu neque. Pellentesque
ft
ula hendrerit sem. Duis non odio. Morbi
ut dui. Sed accumsan risus eget odio.
In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellen-
tesque non elit. Fusce sed justo eu urna
porta tincidunt. Mauris felis odio, sol-

habitant morbi tristique senectus et ne- licitudin sed, volutpat a, ornare ac, erat.
tus et malesuada fames ac turpis eges- Morbi quis dolor. Donec pellentesque,
a

tas. Mauris ut leo. Cras viverra metus erat ac sagittis semper, nunc dui lobortis
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rhoncus sem. Nulla et lectus vestibulum
urna fringilla ultrices. Phasellus eu tellus
sit amet tortor gravida placerat. Integer
sapien est, iaculis in, pretium quis, viverra
ac, nunc. Praesent eget sem vel leo ultrices
bibendum. Aenean faucibus. Morbi dolor
nulla, malesuada eu, pulvinar at, mollis
ac, nulla. Curabitur auctor semper nulla.
Donec varius orci eget risus. Duis nibh
mi, congue eu, accumsan eleifend, sagittis
quis, diam. Duis eget orci sit amet orci
dignissim rutrum.
purus, quis congue purus metus ultricies
tellus. Proin et quam. Class aptent tac-
iti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia
nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos. Praesent
sapien turpis, fermentum vel, eleifend fau-
cibus, vehicula eu, lacus.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique
senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac
turpis egestas. Donec odio elit, dictum in,
hendrerit sit amet, egestas sed, leo. Prae-
sent feugiat sapien aliquet odio. Integer
vitae justo. Aliquam vestibulum fringilla
 1.1. NEW TEST SECTION 5

lorem. Sed neque lectus, consectetuer at,
consectetuer sed, eleifend ac, lectus. Nulla
facilisi. Pellentesque eget lectus. Proin eu
metus. Sed porttitor. In hac habitasse
platea dictumst. Suspendisse eu lectus.
Ut mi mi, lacinia sit amet, placerat et,
mollis vitae, dui. Sed ante tellus, tristique
ut, iaculis eu, malesuada ac, dui. Mau-
ris nibh leo, facilisis non, adipiscing quis,
ipsum pharetra ligula, ac pretium ante
justo a nulla. Curabitur tristique arcu eu
metus. Vestibulum lectus. Proin mauris.
Proin eu nunc eu urna hendrerit faucibus.
Aliquam auctor, pede consequat laoreet
varius, eros tellus scelerisque quam, pel-
lentesque hendrerit ipsum dolor sed augue.
Nulla nec lacus.

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ultrices a, dui. Suspendisse vitae elit. Aliquam arcu

Morbi luctus, wisi viverra faucibus
pretium, nibh est placerat odio, nec com-
modo wisi enim eget quam. Quisque libero
justo, consectetuer a, feugiat vitae, port-
tio
neque, ornare in, ullamcorper quis, com-
modo eu, libero. Fusce sagittis erat at erat
tristique mollis. Maecenas sapien libero,
molestie et, lobortis in, sodales eget, dui.

la
titor eu, libero. Suspendisse sed mauris Morbi ultrices rutrum lorem. Nam ele-
vitae elit sollicitudin malesuada. Maece- mentum ullamcorper leo. Morbi dui. Ali-

nas ultricies eros sit amet ante. Ut ve-
nenatis velit. Maecenas sed mi eget dui
varius euismod. Phasellus aliquet volut-
pat odio. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis
cir Morbi eros pede, suscipit ac, varius vel,
in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere
cubilia Curae; Pellentesque sit amet pede
ac sem eleifend consectetuer. Nullam ele-
mentum, urna vel imperdiet sodales, elit
or
cu
quam sagittis. Nunc placerat. Pellen-
tesque tristique sodales est. Maecenas
imperdiet lacinia velit. Cras non urna.
egestas non, eros. Praesent malesuada,
diam id pretium elementum, eros sem dic-
tum tortor, vel consectetuer odio sem sed
wisi.

Note: Nulla malesuada porttitor diam. Donec felis erat, congue non, volut-
tf

pat at, tincidunt tristique, libero. Vivamus viverra fermentum felis. Donec
nonummy pellentesque ante. Phasellus adipiscing semper elit. Proin fermen-
tum massa ac quam. Sed diam turpis, molestie vitae, placerat a, molestie nec,
no

leo. Maecenas lacinia. Nam ipsum ligula, eleifend at, accumsan nec, suscipit
a, ipsum. Morbi blandit ligula feugiat magna. Nunc eleifend consequat lorem.
Sed lacinia nulla vitae enim. Pellentesque tincidunt purus vel magna. Integer
non enim. Praesent euismod nunc eu purus. Donec bibendum quam in tellus.
ft

Nullam cursus pulvinar lectus. Donec et mi. Nam vulputate metus eu enim.
Vestibulum pellentesque felis eu massa.
a

.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, con-
sectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit,
vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vi-
tae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mau-
ris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, con-
sectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec
vehicula augue eu neque. Pellentesque
habitant morbi tristique senectus et ne-
tus et malesuada fames ac turpis eges-
tas. Mauris ut leo. Cras viverra metus
rhoncus sem. Nulla et lectus vestibulum
urna fringilla ultrices. Phasellus eu tellus
sit amet tortor gravida placerat. Integer
sapien est, iaculis in, pretium quis, viverra
ac, nunc. Praesent eget sem vel leo ultrices
bibendum. Aenean faucibus. Morbi dolor
nulla, malesuada eu, pulvinar at, mollis
ac, nulla. Curabitur auctor semper nulla.
Donec varius orci eget risus. Duis nibh
mi, congue eu, accumsan eleifend, sagittis
quis, diam. Duis eget orci sit amet orci
dignissim rutrum.
6 CHAPTER 1. ALGEBRA
Sed commodo posuere pede. Mauris ut
est. Ut quis purus. Sed ac odio. Sed vehic-
ula hendrerit sem. Duis non odio. Morbi
ut dui. Sed accumsan risus eget odio.
In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellen-
tesque non elit. Fusce sed justo eu urna
porta tincidunt. Mauris felis odio, sol-
licitudin sed, volutpat a, ornare ac, erat.
Morbi quis dolor. Donec pellentesque,
erat ac sagittis semper, nunc dui lobortis
purus, quis congue purus metus ultricies
tellus. Proin et quam. Class aptent tac-
iti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia
nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos. Praesent
sapien turpis, fermentum vel, eleifend fau-
cibus, vehicula eu, lacus.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique
senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac
turpis egestas. Donec odio elit, dictum in,
hendrerit sit amet, egestas sed, leo. Prae-
sent feugiat sapien aliquet odio. Integer
vitae justo. Aliquam vestibulum fringilla
lorem. Sed neque lectus, consectetuer at,
consectetuer sed, eleifend ac, lectus. Nulla
or
facilisi. Pellentesque eget lectus. Proin eu
metus. Sed porttitor. In hac habitasse
platea dictumst. Suspendisse eu lectus.
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Ut mi mi, lacinia sit amet, placerat et,
mollis vitae, dui. Sed ante tellus, tristique
ut, iaculis eu, malesuada ac, dui. Mau-
no
ris nibh leo, facilisis non, adipiscing quis,
ultrices a, dui.
Morbi luctus, wisi viverra faucibus
pretium, nibh est placerat odio, nec com-
ft
modo wisi enim eget quam. Quisque libero
a
5
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justo, consectetuer a, feugiat vitae, port-
titor eu, libero. Suspendisse sed mauris
vitae elit sollicitudin malesuada. Maece-
nas ultricies eros sit amet ante. Ut ve-
nenatis velit. Maecenas sed mi eget dui
varius euismod. Phasellus aliquet volut-
pat odio. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis
in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere
cubilia Curae; Pellentesque sit amet pede
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ac sem eleifend consectetuer. Nullam ele-
tio
mentum, urna vel imperdiet sodales, elit
ipsum pharetra ligula, ac pretium ante
justo a nulla. Curabitur tristique arcu eu
metus. Vestibulum lectus. Proin mauris.
la
Proin eu nunc eu urna hendrerit faucibus.
Aliquam auctor, pede consequat laoreet
cu
varius, eros tellus scelerisque quam, pel-
lentesque hendrerit ipsum dolor sed augue.
Nulla nec lacus.
cir
Suspendisse vitae elit. Aliquam arcu
neque, ornare in, ullamcorper quis, com-
modo eu, libero. Fusce sagittis erat at erat
tristique mollis. Maecenas sapien libero,
molestie et, lobortis in, sodales eget, dui.
Morbi ultrices rutrum lorem. Nam ele-
mentum ullamcorper leo. Morbi dui. Ali-
quam sagittis. Nunc placerat. Pellen-
tesque tristique sodales est. Maecenas
imperdiet lacinia velit. Cras non urna.
Morbi eros pede, suscipit ac, varius vel,
egestas non, eros. Praesent malesuada,
diam id pretium elementum, eros sem dic-
tum tortor, vel consectetuer odio sem sed
wisi.
 1.1. NEW TEST SECTION 7

Review Problems
1. Find the number of terms in the se-
quence 5, 8, 11, ... of which the sum
is 1025.
2. An engineering component has a mass
13. The length of a triangle exceeds twice
its width by 3 inches. If the area of
this triangle is 10 in2 , calculate the
measure of the width.

n
of 400g. If each of its dimensions are 14. One number is more than the another
reduced by 30% , determine the new and the sum is 71. Find the larger

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mass. number.

3. Twelve workmen employed on a 15. The sum of the ages of the two broth-
building site earn between them, a ers is 20. In five years, one is twice the

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total of P 2,415 per week. Laborers another. Find the present ages of the
are paid P 175 per week and crafts- two brothers.

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men earn P 220 per week. How many
craftsmen are employed? 16. Simplify this radical:
√
q
4. At what time after 12 noon will the
cir 16x2
minute hand and hour hand of a clock
be on a straight line for the first time?
17. Which of the following is NOT a per-
5. The geometric mean of two numbers fect number?
or

is 6 while the arithmetic mean is 4.

Find the product of geometric and (A) 6 (C) 496
harmonic means. (B) 28 (D) 1000
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6. One liter of a 25% sugar solution is

mixed with 3 liters of a 40% sugar
18. Given that x < y < 0 < w < z, what
no

solution. What is the percentage of

is the sign of xyz/w?
sugar in the new mixture?
19. Solve for x and y:
7. A is 8% taller than B , while B is 9%
taller than C. By how much percent
3 2
ft

is A taller than C? − = 14
x y
a

8. What is the sum of the roots of the 6 3

equation 3x2 − 4x + 6 = 0? + −7
x y
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9. Find the 5th term of the expansion

20. The following are the zeros of this
(2 − x)6 ?
equation x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24 EX-
10. Calculate the following sum: CEPT:

5
X (A) 2 (C) 3
[(j + 1)2 − 1] (B) 4 (D) -3
j=1

11. Find the nth term of the series 1, 4 ,7 21. Solve for x:
, 10 , 13. . .

12. Solve for x: 7x = 3x + 12. log0.2 x = −1

8 CHAPTER 1. ALGEBRA

22. Divide 60 into two parts with the ra- 33. The value of e that is 2.71828. . . is
tio of 2:3. called:

23. Find the value of x in (35)(96) = 32x. (A) Briggs’ Number

(B) Pi
24. Find the 2017th digit in the decimal
(C) Fermat’s Number
equivalent of 2017/9999.
(D) Napierian Number
25. If d = 1000 − 200q and c = 4000 + 20d
34. Factor the following: ax+ay −bx−by

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, find c as a function of q.
35. Which of the following is a palin-

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26. Eleven men can finish the job in 15
dromic number?
days. Five men were working at the
start and after six days four men were (A) 2017 (C) 2010
added. How many days will it take to

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(B) 2002 (D) 2000
finish the remaining job?

27. A grocer bought a number of items

for P 1,440. Later the price increased
by P 2.00 per item and as a result he
received 24 fewer items for the same
amount. Find the number of items
bought first.
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36. Solve for x: 10x + 10x + 1 = 5x + 5x +
1 + 5x + 2.
37. For a given function f (t) = f (−t).
cir What type of symmetry does f (t)
have?

28. Every student at a particular tech- (A) odd (D) quarter-

or

nological institute is required to take (B) even wave

preboard exams. A student who (C) rotational
passes it will take Design and the
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other one who fails will take Hy-

draulics. In a batch of 1240 students 38. Simplify: (−54s)(−4/9)
there are more who took Hydraulics 39. Solve for x: |x − 2| + 1 = x.
no

than Design. However if there are 30

more who passed the preboard, each
subject would have the same enrol-
ment. How many students took Hy-
ft
40. The diameter of a tumor D in mm ,
t in days after diagnosis is given by
D(t) = 10e0.0277t

draulics?
How long until the diameter is dou-
29. log M + log N is equal to:
a

bled?
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(A) log M N tion 41. 41. Klay Thompson left from War-
riors game at past 3:00 pm as indi-
(B) same/no (C) log M
N cated in his watch. Between two to
simplifica- (D) logM N three hours later, he returned at Or-
acle Arena and he noticed that the
hands of the watch interchanged. At
30. Find the value of k so that the equa- what time did he left his home?
tion 4x2 + kx + 9 = 0 has one root
equal to -3 42. Resolve into partial fraction of the fol-
lowing:
31. Find the constant term of the third
term in the expansion of (2x + y)6 .
10x2 + 9x − 7 A B C
32. Evaluate: 1/2 * 2/3 * . . . 2016/2017 = + +
(x + 2)(x2 − 1) x+2 x+1 x−1
 1.1. NEW TEST SECTION 9

(a) Compute the value of B.

(b) Compute the value of A.
(c) Compute the value of C.
43. Find the remainder of 3x3 −x2 −8x+5
when divided by x + 2.
44. Find the summation of (5K – 3) from
K = 1 to K = 16.

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45. The power required to operate a tur-

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bine varies directly as the cube of the
speed. If 1/2 horsepower will operate
at a speed of 100 rev/min, how fast

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will 4 horsepower operate it?
46. Find the remainder if 5x2 − 2x3 + 3 is

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divided by x2 − 4 − 2x.
47. Simplify: (a − x)(b − x) . . . (z − x)

48. Consider the sequence 9 , -3 , 1. . .

cir
which term is -1/243?
or
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10 CHAPTER 1. ALGEBRA

Answers and Solutions

Mass
ρ=
Volume
Problem 1.1
This means the component has a
Find the number of terms in the density of
sequence 5, 8, 11, ... of which the
400 g g
sum is 1025. ρ= = 400 3
1m 3 m

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Solution: Reducing the sides by 30% yields

First, we observe that the terms
have a common difference of 8−5 =
3 and also 11 − 8 = 3, therefore the
sequence is an arithmetic sequence.
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a component with 1 m×(100% −
30%) = 0.7 m sides, the volume of
which is (0.7 m)3 = 0.343 m3 .
Subtituting these values to the for-

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The sum of an arithmetic sequence mula for the density gives us the
is new mass, which is

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g New Mass
n 400 =
Sn = [2a1 + d(n − 1)] m3 0.343 m3
2 g
cir
New Mass = 400 3 × 0.343 m3
m
Substituting the values and solving New Mass = 137.2 g
for n we get
n
or

1025 = [2(5) + 3(n − 1)] Problem 1.3

2
n
1025 = (10 + 3n − 3) Twelve workmen employed on a
tf

2 building site earn between them, a

2050 = n(3n + 7) total of P 2,415 per week. Laborers
2050 = 3n2 + 7n are paid P 175 per week and crafts-
no

0 = 3n2 + 7n − 2050 men earn P 220 per week. How

many craftsmen are employed?
n = 25 or − 27.333
Solution:
ft

Let
x = number of craftsmen, and
a

Problem 1.2
12 − x = number of laborers
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An engineering component has a Setting an equation for the total

mass of 400g. If each of its dimen-
sions are reduced by 30% , deter-
mine the new mass.
Solution:
For this problem, we assume that
the component is a simple cube
with 1 meter sides. That means
the volume of the component is 1
m3 . The density of an object is de-
fined as:
payment, we get
175(12 − x) + 220x = 2415
Solving for x yields
175(12 − x) + 220x = 2415
2100 − 175x + 220x = 2415
45x = 315
x = 7 craftsmen
 1.1. NEW TEST SECTION 11

Problem 1.4
At what time after 12 noon will the
minute hand and hour hand of a
clock be on a straight line for the
first time?

Solution:

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cir
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 12
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CHAPTER 1. ALGEBRA

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 CHAPTER

2
Plane and Solid Geometry

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Review Problems 8. Star shaped figures are also known as:

1. The surface area of an open cylinder (A) Polygon

cir
tank is 68 m2 . If the diameter is 2/3 (B) Polyhedron
of its height, compute the height of
(C) Stars
the tank.
(D) Polygrams
or

2. Find the volume of a cone to be con-

structed from a sector having a diam- 9. A piece of thin card board in the form
eter of 72 cm and a central angle of of a sector of a circle of radius 36 cm
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210deg is rolled into a cone. Find the volume

of the cone if the angle of the sector
3. A 4.2 cm by 4.2 cm square pyramid is 45deg.
no

has a lateral edge of 15 cm. What is

the volume? 10. A right circular cone has a base radius
of x and altitude of 3x, what is the
4. A sphere has a volume of 2000 m3 . slant height?
There exist a small circle of the
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sphere, the plane of which is 6.5 m 11. Imagine a cube to measure 5 units per
from the center. Calculate the area edge and to have its total surface area
a

of the small circle in m2 . painted yellow.

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5. A man cycles 24 km due south and

(a) How many times you must cut
then 20 km due east. Another man,
completely through the cube to
standing at the same time as the first
make cubes which measure 1
man cycles 32 km due east and 7 km
unit on an edge?
due south. Find the distance between
the two men. (b) How many cube are in all?

6. One edge of regular hexahedron is 24 (c) How many cubes have one yel-
cm long. Find the ratio of its volume low face?
to its surface area.
12. An angle included by a tangent and a
7. Find the volume of the regular tetra- chord drawn from the point of contact
hedron with an edge of 3 m. is equal to the intercepted arc?

13
14 CHAPTER 2. PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY
13. A place hillside is inclined at an an-
gle of 28deg with the horizontal. A
man wearing skis can climb hillside
by following a straight path inclined
at an angle of 12deg to the horizon-
tal, but one without skis must follow
a path inclined with the horizontal.
Find the angle between the directions
of the two paths.
14. A large steel buoy consists of a spheri-
cal segment and a cone having a com-
mon base of 3 m. The altitude of the
segment is 2 m and that of the cone
is 6 m. Find the total surface of the
buoy.
15. What is the area of the decagon in-
scribed in a circle that has an area of
412 m2 .
16. A pyramid 20 cm high is divided into
three parts by two planes parallel to
the base. These planes are at dis-
tances 4 and 12 cm from the vertex.
or
Determine the ratio of the smallest
part to the largest part.
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17. The areas of the faces of the rectangu-
lar box are 8, 12 , and 16. Determine
the volume.
no
18. In 2014, Ms Sisippi bought two lots at
P 9.6 million each. One lot contains
40 m2 more than the other but costs
P 12,000 per m2 . Find the area of the
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smaller lot.
a
19. The sides of a rectangle are in the ra-
tio 3:5. Given that the area of the
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rectangle is 60 sq units, what is the
length of the diagonal of the rectan-
gle?
20. The lateral area of the right circular
cone is 40π cm2 . The base radius is 4
cm. What is the slant height?
21. A trough having an equilateral tri-
angle end sections has sides equal to
0.45 m. If the trough is full of water
with a volume of 1 m3 , find the length
of the trough.
22. Find the number of sides a polygon if
the sum of the measures of the inte-
rior angle is 3600deg?
23. Points A,B, and P are points on a cir-
cle. TA and TB are tangents to the
circle with A and B as points of tan-
gency. The angle between the tan-
gents angle ATB = 50deg. Find the
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angle APB if P is farther from the
point T than A and B.
tio
24. What theorem stated that for any
cyclic quadrilateral, the product of
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the diagonals equals the sum of the
products of the opposite sides.
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(A) British Flag Theorem
(B) Viewta’s Theorem
cir (C) Pythagorean Theorem
(D) Ptolemy’s Theorem
25. A rectangular parallelpiped whose
length is 4 m and 5 m has altitude
of 6 m. What is the area of the cross
section connecting the opposite edges
of the parallelpiped?
26. The difference between the radii of
the circumscribing and the inscribed
circle of a hexagon is 1.60 cm. Deter-
mine the area of the hexagon.
27. Three identical circles are tangent to
one another. The radius is 20 cm.
Find the area enclosed by the three
circles but outside each of the three
cirles in cm2 .
28. Identify the number of sides if it is a
polygon and the number of faces if it
is a polyhedron.
(a) Triskaidecagon
(b) Hexahedron
(c) Chilliagon
29. A conoid has a circular base of radius
25 cm and an altitude of 30 cm. Find
the volume.

30. A lateral edge of the frustum of a reg-
ular pyramid is 1.8 m long. The up-
per base is a square 1 m x 1 m and
the lower base 2.4 m x 2.4 m square.
Determine the volume of the frustum
in m3 .
31. A circle has a circumference that is
numerically equal to the area. If a
certain square has the same area as
the circle, what would be the length
of the side?
32. What is the area of the rhombus
whose diagonals are 12 and 24?
33. Three circles of radii 110, 140, and
220 are tangent to one another. What
is the area of the triangle formed by
joining the centers of the circles?
cir
34. Christmas balls 1 1/2 cm in diameter
are packed in a box measuring 6 cm
by 3 cm by 3 cm. If as many balls as
or
possible are packed in the box, how
much free space remained?
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35. The big block of granite shown in fig-
ure has as lower base the horizontal
triangle CDE. The upper edge AB
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is horizontal and point D lies in the
plane ABC. Find the volume.
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36. A cube of iceberg is 2 m by 2 m by 2
m. On a summer day, ice melts until
it becomes a cube which is one half as
heavy as the original. Calculate the
egde of the new cube.
37. How long a wire 0.1 inch in diameter
can be drawn from a block of copper
2 x 4 x 6 in?
15
38. A swimming pool is constructed in
the shape of two partially overlapping
identical circles. Each of the circles
has a radius of 9 m and each cir-
cle passes through the center of the
other. Find the area of the pool.
39. The angle subtended by an arc is
24deg. If the radius of the circle is
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45 cm, find the length of the arc.
tio
40. An ice cream cone is filled with ice
cream and a surmounted ice cream in
the form of a hemisphere on top of
the cone. If the hemispherical sur-
la
face is equal to the lateral area of the
cone, find the total volume in in3 of
cu
ice cream if the radius of the hemi-
sphere is equal to 1 inch and assum-
ing the diameter of the hemisphere is
equal to the diameter of the cone.
41. Each side of the cube is increased by
1
42. An upper spherical segment with sin-
gle base has a height of 2 cm. The
base radius is 4 cm.
(a) Find the radius of the sphere.
(b) Compute the surface area of the
spherical segment.
(c) Find the volume of the lower
spherical segment.
16 CHAPTER 2. PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

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 CHAPTER

3
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry

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18 CHAPTER 3. PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY

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 CHAPTER

4
Probability and Statistics

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20 CHAPTER 4. PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

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 CHAPTER

5
Analytic Geometry

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22 CHAPTER 5. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

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 CHAPTER

6
Differential Calculus

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24 CHAPTER 6. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

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 CHAPTER

7
Integral Calculus

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26 CHAPTER 7. INTEGRAL CALCULUS

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 CHAPTER

8
Advance Mathematics

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28 CHAPTER 8. ADVANCE MATHEMATICS

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 CHAPTER

9
Engineering Economy

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30 CHAPTER 9. ENGINEERING ECONOMY

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 CHAPTER

10
Surveying

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32 CHAPTER 10. SURVEYING

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 CHAPTER

11
Highway and Transportation Engineer-
ing

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34 CHAPTER 11. HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

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 n
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Part II

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Fluid Mechanics and
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Geotechnical Engineering
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Dr
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 CHAPTER

12
Fluid Mechanics

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38 CHAPTER 12. FLUID MECHANICS

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 CHAPTER

13
Hydraulics

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40 CHAPTER 13. HYDRAULICS

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 CHAPTER

14
Geotechnical Engineering

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42 CHAPTER 14. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

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 CHAPTER

15
Foundation Engineering

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44 CHAPTER 15. FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

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 n
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Part III

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Structural Engineering and
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Construction Engineering
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Dr
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 CHAPTER

16
Engineering Mechanics

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48 CHAPTER 16. ENGINEERING MECHANICS

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 CHAPTER

17
Strength of Materials

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50 CHAPTER 17. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

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 CHAPTER

18
Theory of Structures

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52 CHAPTER 18. THEORY OF STRUCTURES

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 CHAPTER

19
Reinforced Concrete Design

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54 CHAPTER 19. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

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 CHAPTER

20
Steel Design

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56 CHAPTER 20. STEEL DESIGN

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 CHAPTER

21
Structural Engineering

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58 CHAPTER 21. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

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