IEEE Webinar - Understanding 5G

IEEE Webinar:
Understanding 5G
Image Size
Technology Presentation W195 x H530 px
13th March 2018
Vikas Chauhan
Business Development Manager, Anritsu EMEA
Contents
1. Latest updates on standardisation activities.(3
slides)
2. 5G Core Network & 5G NR – Features &
Deployment. (6 slides)
3. 5G NR – Key concepts & building blocks.(17
slides)
4. 5G NR - Protocol Stack and basic procedures (9
slides)
5. 5G Testing challenges – OTA & Channel
Modelling.(4 slides)
Slide Title
2 Copyright© ANRITSU
High-level schedule and milestones for 5G standards
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Report IMT feasibility above 6 GHz
Recommendation vision of IMT beyond 2020
Approval of resolutions
WRC-15
Technical performance requirements
Report M.[IMT-2020. TECH PERF REQ]
Evaluation criteria and method
Report M.[IMT-2020. EVAL]
Requirements, evaluation criteria and submission template
Report M.[IMT-2020. SUBMISSION]
Circular letter “IMT-2020”
IMT-2020 workshop WRC-19
Proposals
Initial technology submission deadline
Evaluation
Outcome and decision
Specifications
Detailed specification submission deadline
RAN workshop
Channel model SI
Requirements SI
Rel-14
5G pre-release
Rel-15
5G ‘early drop’
5G first release
Rel-16
3GPP Release schedule shown is indicative 5G second release
First 5G networks, trials and Initial commercial launch with Commercial launch with
limited commercial use cases. a subset of features full feature set
Slide Title
3GPP submission plan towards IMT-2020
References(RAN#78): RP-172098/CP-173123
Slide Title
Overall 3GPP plan – ongoing Releases
2017 2018 2019
TSG# 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Release 14
Rel-14 St.3 Extension
Release 15 (5G Phase 1)
Rel-15 Stage 1
Rel-15 Stage 2
Rel-15 Stage 3
Freezing
Non-Stand Alone (NSA) Rel-15 ASN.1
Radio and EDCE
Release 16 (5G Phase 2)
Rel-16 Stage 1
Rel-16 Stage 2
Rel-16 Stage 3
Rel-16 ASN.1
(TSG#87)
After Reference(RAN#78) : RP-172137

RAN#78 Slide Title
Contents
slides)
slides)
slides)
Slide Title
Summary of evolution
2005 2015 2020 2025
Slide Title
Network Slicing
Slide Title
5G Radio/Core network deployment scenarios
Source: NTT DoCoMo

Slide Title
5G Network Architectures CP : C-Plane
UP : U-Plane
Option 3/3a/3x will be adopted for NSA-NR.
Option SA/ Structures 3GPP Official Terminology

NSA Core CP/UP Additional UP schedule
network
Option 1 SA EPC(LTE) LTE --- Support E-UTRA
Option 2 SA 5G-CN(NR) NR --- Jun’18 TBD
Option 3/3a/3x NSA EPC(LTE) LTE NR Dec’17 EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity)
Option 4/4a NSA 5G-CN(NR) NR LTE Jun’18 TBD
Option 5 SA 5G-CN(NR) LTE --- TBD TBD
Option 6 SA EPC(LTE) NR --- TBD TBD
Option 7/7a NSA 5G-CN(NR) LTE NR Jun’18 TBD
Option 8/8a NSA EPC(LTE) NR LTE TBD TBD
Option2 Option3 Option4 Option5 Option7

Stand-alone NR LTE assisted, EPC NR-Assisted Stand-alone LTE LTE-Assisted
Slide Title
NSA-NR : Option 3/3a/3x
MCG bearer Split bearer SCG bearer
S1 S1
Xx
PDCP PDCP NR PDCP
RLC RLC NR RLC NR RLC
MAC NR MAC
LTE eNB gNB
Radio Protocol Architecture for split bearer and SCG bearer in Option 3/3a
MME S-GW
S1-MME
S1
S1-U
-U
Xx-C Xx-U
LTE eNB gNB LTE eNB gNB
C-Plane connectivity for Option 3/3a/3x U-Plane connectivity for Option 3/3a/3x
Slide Title
5G NR Architecture & Functional Split
Same as MME function
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF
gNB or ng-eNB AMF SMF
5GC Inter Cell RRM NAS Security UE IP address
allocation
RB Control
Idle State Mobility
Handling PDU Session
Connection Mobility Cont.
Control
NG
NG
NG
NG
Radio Admission Control
UPF
N Measurement
NG
NG
G G
N Configuration & Provision Mobility Anchoring
Xn NG-RAN
gNB gNB Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler) PDU Handling
Xn
Xn
internet
Xn NG-RAN 5GC
ng-eNB ng-eNB
• An NG-RAN node is either:

- a gNB, providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE; or
- an ng-eNB, providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE.
• The main functions of the 5G Base station “gNB” are unchanged
• The MME entity is split in 2 different functions (AMF, SMF)
• The SGW and PGW are combined in one function (UPF)
• See 25.301 for details on AMF/SMF/UPF
• AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
• SMF Session Management Function
• UPF User Plane Function
Slide Title
Contents
slides)
slides)
slides)
Slide Title
5G = LTE enhancements + Next Generation Radio Technology
HIGHER
Next Generation Radio Technology

5G
• Prioritize Performance to serve different Next Generation
use case Radio Technology
• Not Backward compatible to LTE
Performance
Big Gain
• Supports WRC15 & WRC19 Spectrum
LTE
LTEadvanced Advanced Pro
LTEadvanced Rel 12&13 Rel 14 & 15
Rel 10&11 Macro Assisted Continuous Evolution
LTE Rel 8&9 Small Cell
CA, eICIC, CoMP,
Enhancement
Hetnet
(Phantom Cell)
* LOWER ~2015 ~2020 Year
Slide Title
LTE vs 5G NR comparison
LTE 3GPP 5G NR
Maximum channel bandwidth 100MHz 400MHz, 800MHz, 1000MHz
5 ~ 100MHz (Sub-6GHz and < 1GHz)
Bandwidth per CC 20MHz 10 ~ 100MHz (Sub-6GHz and > 1GHz)
50 ~ 400MHz (Above-24GHz )
Maximum CC 5(32) 8/16/32
DL CP-OFDM DL CP-OFDM
Modulation
UL SC-FDMA UL CP-OFDM/DFT-S-OFDM
Possibility for DFT-S-OFDM etc.
Low PAPR/CM technique SC-FDMA
(filtering, windowing)
15K/30K/60KHz (Sub-6GHz)
Subcarrier spacing for Data 15kHz
60K/120KHz (Above-24GHz)
Subcarrier spacing for Non-Data 15K/30KHz (Sub-6GHz)
-
(SS-Block) 120K/240KHz (Above-24GHz)
Number of Subcarrier 1200 Up to 3300 (FFT Size 4096)
CP-OFDM
QPSK/16QAM/ QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
Modulation Scheme
64QAM/256QAM DFT-S OFDM
Pi/2-BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
Channel Coding TBCC/Turbo Polar/f-LDPC
Maximum CWs 2 1 or 2
DL 8Layer DL 8Layer
MIMO
UL 4Layer UL 4Layer
Multiple Numerology Not support Support
Subframe length TTI (ms) 1 0.125ms/0.25ms/0.5ms/1ms
Slide Title
5G NR Scalable Numerology – scaling of subcarrier
spacing (SCS).
Change of sub-carrier spacing is possible, changing numerology “μ”.
Change of “μ” changes data rate on the sub-carrier,

hence symbol (bit) rate.
Supported transmission numerologies.
 f  2  15 [kHz] Supported for Supported for
Cyclic prefix
data synch
0 15 Normal Yes Yes
1 30 Normal Yes Yes
2 60 Normal, Extended Yes No
3 120 Normal Yes Yes
4 240 Normal No Yes
SCS [kHz] CP length

15 4.69 µs
30 2.34 µs
60 1.17 µs
120 586 ns
240 293 ns
Slide Title
Changing “u”, both subcarrier spacing and symbol rate
• Wider carriers have shorter symbol length

(Nyquist sampling theory)
• Also shorter CP, suited to the shorter

propagation range and LOS at higher
frequencies.
OFDM Symbol Duration

Parameter / Numerlogy (u) 0 1 2 3 4
Subcarrier Spacing (Khz) 15 30 60 120 240
OFDM Symbol Duration (us) 66.67 33.33 16.67 8.33 4.17
Cyclic Prefix Duration (us) 4.69 2.34 1.17 0.57 0.29
OFDM Symbol including CP (us) 71.35 35.68 17.84 8.92 4.46
Slide Title
5G-NR Frame structure
• Radio Frame is always 10 mS.

• Sub-frame is always 1 mS.
• Always 14 symbols per slot.
 Number of slots per sub-frame is adjusted to give same sub-frame alignment for all numerologies.
Slide Title
Mini slots
› Short scheduling units

– Short regular slots – 125 μs at 60 kHz
– “Mini slots” – Arbitrary starting point and length
within a slot
› Fast retransmissions
– Two interlaces Retransmission within 250 μs
(60 kHz numerology)
– Enabled by front-loaded DMRS/DCI and
frequency-first interleaving
allowing for rapid data demodulation/decoding
› Uplink grant-free transmission
– Fast access to channel
– Preferably avoiding explicit time alignment
(asynchronous access)
NR – Low latency
Slide Title
Sub-frame alignment of numerologies
All configurations are aligned on 1mS sub-frame.

So system can change numerology on each 1mS sub-frame interval.
Slide Title
5G NR flexible frame structure
Slide Title
Frequency Range 1(Sub 6Ghz)
UE channel bandwidth – FR1
The BS channel bandwidth supports a single NR RF carrier in the uplink or downlink at the Base Station. Different UE channel bandwidths may
be supported within the same spectrum for transmitting to and receiving from UEs connected to the BS. The placement of the UE channel
bandwidth is flexible, but can only be completely within the BS channel bandwidth. [The BS shall be able to transmit to and/or receive from one or
more UE Bandwidth parts that are smaller than or equal to the number of carrier resource blocks on the RF carrier, in any part of the carrier
resource blocks.]
100
5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz
SCS (kHz) MHz
NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 25 52 79 106 133 [TBD] 216 270 N/A N/A N/A
30 11 24 38 51 65 [TBD] 106 133 162 217 273
60 N/A 11 18 24 31 [TBD] 51 65 79 107 135
Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB
FR1 - Frequency Range 1 (Sub 6 GHz)

Data SCS = 15kHz Data SCS = 30kHz Data SCS = 60kHz (for more than 1GHz bands)
NR
Band 100MH 10MHz [40MHz 100
10MHZ 15MHz 20MHZ 40MHz 50MHz 10MHZ 15MHz 20MHz 40MHz 50MHz 60MHz 80MHz 15MHz 20MHz 50MHz 60MHz 80MHz
z (NOTE) ] MHz
3.3-4.2
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
GHz
4.4-4.99
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
GHz
NOTE: 90% spectrum utilization may not be achieved
Slide Title
Frequency Range 2 (mmW)
UE channel bandwidth – FR2
SCS (kHz) 50MHz 100MHz 200MHz 400 MHz
NRB NRB NRB NRB
60 66 132 264 N.A
120 32 66 132 264
Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB
NR band / SCS / UE Channel bandwidth

SCS
NR Band 50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz
kHz
60 Yes Yes Yes Yes
n257
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 Yes Yes Yes Yes
n258
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 Yes Yes Yes Yes
n260
120 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Channel bandwidths for each FR2 NR band
Data SCS = 60kHz Data SCS = 120kHz

NR Band
50MHZ 100MHz [200MHz] 50MHZ 100MHz [200MHz] 400MHz
24.25-29.5 GHz Yes Yes Yes [Yes] Yes Yes Yes
31.8-33.4GHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
37-40 GHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Slide Title
Bandwidth Adaptation
• The receive and transmit bandwidth of a UE need not be as large as the bandwidth of the cell and can be adjusted:
• the width can be ordered to change (e.g. to shrink during period of low activity to save power);
• the location can move in the frequency domain (e.g. to increase scheduling flexibility);
• the subcarrier spacing can be ordered to change (e.g. to allow different services).
• A subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell is referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP) and BA is achieved by configuring
the UE with BWP(s) and telling the UE which of the configured BWPs is currently the active one.
• Figure below describes a scenario where 3 different BWPs are configured:

• - BWP1 with a width of 40 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz;
• - BWP2 with a width of 10 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz;
• - BWP3 with a width of 20 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz.
frequency
BWP3
20MHz/60kHz
BWP1 BWP2
40MHz 2 1 ...
10MHz/15kHz
15kHz
time
Slide Title
Supplementary Uplink (SUL)
To improve UL coverage for high frequency scenarios, SUL can be configured.
With SUL, the UE is configured with 2 ULs for one DL of the same cell as shown below:
DL+UL coverage
DL only coverage
SUL coverage
UL DL + UL
frequency
SUL High NR frequency
Slide Title
Massive MIMO key concepts
Traditional ‘Spatial Multiplexing’ MIMO uses similar
number of Tx and Rx beams, and creates multiple
data streams by using channel estimation/coding.
Using a large number of antenna elements, we can create a narrow beam.

Can be applied to both Tx and Rx antennas.
When using a massive number of Tx elements versus number of required beams,

we can create and steer a number of beams simultaneously. [M >>K]
Slide Title
Possible Beamforming Architectures
• All-analog beamforming
– Phase-shifting/weighting at RF
– One TXRU per desired beam
• All-digital beamforming
– One TXRU per antenna element
– Complete flexibility of beamforming
– Very expensive
• Hybrid analog/digital beamforming

– Both techniques used
– Supports SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO
IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec 2014 pg 111
Slide Title
5G NR - Beam management
In NR, beam management is defined as follows:
• Beam management: a set of L1/L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a

set of Transmission Reception Points i.e. TRP(s) and/or UE beams that
can be used for DL and UL transmission/reception, which include at least
following aspects:
• Beam determination: for TRP(s) or UE to select of its own Tx/Rx
beam(s).
• Beam measurement: for TRP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of
received beamformed signals.
• Beam reporting: for UE to report information a property/quality of of
beamformed signal(s) based on beam measurement.
• Beam sweeping: operation of covering a spatial area, with beams
transmitted and/or received during a time interval in a predetermined
way.
Slide Title
Beam management concepts (P1/P2/P3)
TRP sweeps beams in space, Switching TRP beams based UE switches beams based on
UE determines best beam on UE measurements. UE measurements.
pair to use.
• P-1: is used to enable UE measurement • P-2: is used to enable UE measurement • P-3: is used to enable UE
on different TRP Tx beams to support on different TRP Tx beams to possibly measurement on the same TRP Tx
selection of TRP Tx beams and UE Rx change inter/intra-TRP Tx beam(s), from a beam to change UE Rx beam in the
beams. possibly smaller set of beams for beam case UE uses beamforming.
• For beamforming at TRP, it typically refinement than in P-1. Note that P-2 can
includes a intra/inter-TRP Tx beam be a special case of P-1.
sweep from a set of different beams.
• For beamforming at UE, it typically
includes a UE Rx beam sweep from a
set of different beams.
Slide Title
5G NR – Channel Coding
The channel coding scheme for DCI for eMBB is Polar Coding (except for very
small block lengths where repetition/block coding may be preferred).
The channel coding scheme for data for eMBB is flexible Low Density Parity
Check (f-LDPC) as the single channel coding scheme for all block sizes.
F-LPDC is a block coding structure, using forward error correction.

The key feature is not the Encoding process, but the binary Decoding process.
The binary decoding matrix, based upon parity check, is very large but very sparse
(only a few % of entries are 1). Each error in the decode process has only a few
possible causes, and hence is quickly resolved.
Modern IC design can give very cost effective design, with very close to theoretical
Shannon limit performance of error correction and channel coding performance.
Parallel processing is used to speed up correction process.
Slide Title
Contents
slides)
slides)
slides)
Slide Title
5G NR Channel Structure
Physical channels
The physical channels of NR are:
- Physical broadcast channel (PBCH);
- Physical donwnlink control channel (PDCCH);
- Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH);
- Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH);
- Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH);
- Physical random access channel (PRACH).
Transport channels
The physical layer offers information transfer services to MAC and higher layers. The physical layer
transport services are described by how and with what characteristics data are transferred over the radio
interface.
Downlink transport channel types are:

- Broadcast channel (BCH);
- Downlink shared channel (DL-SCH);
- Paging channel (PCH).
Uplink transport channel types are:

- Uplink shared channel (UL-SCH);
- Random access channel (RACH).
NOTE: Additional channel(s) might be defined for broadcast information and URLLC.
Slide Title
Synchronization signal and PBCH
The synchronization signal and PBCH block consists of:
• primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS, SSS), each occupying 1 symbol and 127 subcarriers.
• PBCH spanning across 3 OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers, but on one symbol leaving an unused part in the middle
for SSS as shown.
• The periodicity of the SS/PBCH block can be configured by the network and the time locations where SS/PBCH block
can be sent are determined by sub-carrier spacing.
239 P
B
C
192 H
182
P P Polar coding is used for PBCH.

P S
Subcarrier B B
S S
Number C C
S S The UE may assume a band-specific sub-carrier spacing for the
H H
SS/PBCH block unless a network has configured the UE to
56 assume a different sub-carrier spacing.
47 PBCH symbols carry own frequency-multiplexed DMRS.

P
B
C
H
0
0 1 2 3
OFDM symbol number
Slide Title
Downlink Physical Layer
Overview of physical channels
A downlink physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information originating
from higher layers.
The following downlink physical channels are defined:
- Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH
- Physical Broadcast Channel, PBCH
- Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDCCH
Overview of physical signals

A downlink physical signal corresponds to a set of resource elements used by the physical layer but
does not carry information originating from higher layers. The following downlink physical signals are
defined:
- Demodulation reference signals, DM-RS
- Channel-state information reference signal, CSI-RS
- Phase-tracking reference signal, PTRS
- Primary synchronization signal, PSS
- Secondary synchronization signal, SSS
Physical resources
The following antenna ports are defined for the downlink:
- Antenna ports starting with 1000 for demodulation reference signals associated with PDSCH
- Antenna ports starting with 2000 for demodulation reference signals associated with PDCCH
- Antenna ports starting with 3000 for phase-tracking reference signals
- Antenna ports starting with 4000 for channel-state information reference signals
- Antenna ports starting with 5000 for SSBlock transmission
Slide Title
PDCCH
Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
The UE shall monitor for transmission of one or more PDCCHs, where a PDCCH uses one or more
control-channel elements (CCEs).
Control-channel element (CCE)

A physical downlink control channel consists of one or more control-channel elements (CCEs) as
indicated in below.
Supported PDCCH aggregation levels.

Aggregation level Number of CCEs
1 1
2 2
4 4
8 8
Control-resource set (CORESET)

 1,2,3
CORESET
A control-resource set consists of N RB resource blocks in the frequency domain and CORESET
N symb
max, 
symbols in the time domain where Nsymb  3 is supported for N RB,DL  X only.
CORESET
A control-channel element consists of 6 resource-element groups where a resource-element group

equals one resource block. Resource-element groups within a control-resource set are numbered in
increasing order in a time-first manner, starting with 0 for the first OFDM symbol and the lowest-
numbered resource block in the control resource set.
A UE can be configured with multiple control-resource sets. Each control-resource set is associated with
one REG-to-CCE mapping only.
Slide Title
Uplink Physical Layer.
Overview of physical channels
An uplink physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information originating
from higher layers.
The following uplink physical channels are defined:
- Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH
- Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH
- Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH
Overview of physical signals

An uplink physical signal is used by the physical layer but does not carry information originating from
higher layers. The following uplink physical signals are defined:
- Demodulation reference signals, DM-RS
- Phase-tracking reference signal, PTRS
- Sounding reference signal, SRS
Physical resources
The following antenna ports are defined for the uplink:
- Antenna ports starting with 1000 for demodulation reference signals associated with PUSCH
- Antenna ports starting with 2000 for demodulation reference signals associated with PUCCH
- Antenna ports starting with 3000 for phase-tracking reference signals
- Antenna ports starting with 4000 for sounding reference signals
Slide Title
Layer 2 structure
QoS Flows QoS Flows
QoS flow QoS flow QoS flow

SDAP SDAP handling
handling handling
Radio Bearers Radio Bearers
ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC

PDCP PDCP
Security Security Security Security Security Security
RLC Channels RLC Channels
Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm.

RLC ARQ
... ARQ ARQ
... ARQ RLC ...
ARQ ARQ
Logical Channels Logical Channels
Scheduling / Priority Handling Scheduling
MAC Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn MAC Multiplexing
HARQ HARQ
HARQ
Transport Channels
Transport Channels
Downlink Layer 2 Structure

Uplink Layer 2 Structure
Slide Title
5G NR protocol states and inter-RAT
Slide Title
5G NR – Initial Access
Example of high frequency-

band / multi-beam operation
Example of low frequency-

band / single-beam operation
Notification of SS Block Index when single or multi-beams are used

Slide Title
5G NR - Initial Access Procedure – High Frequency/Multi-Beam Operation
Slide Title
Contents
slides)
slides)
4. 5G NR - Protocol Stack and basic procedures.
(9 slides)
Slide Title
New RAT  NFV, SDN
New RAT
RRH  Edge Computing
RRH
 IP MPLS
36578
LTE RRH  Low Energy
 New Front-haul
(Macro Cell)
Core Network
Cloud RAN
 Multi-RAT
 Dual Connectivity
Front-haul (CPRI) Back-haul
 CoMP
New RAT
RRH Baseband
Unit Pool
 cm/mmWave with Massive MIMO

 Beam steering / beam tracking
 Various types of devices  New waveform and scalable numerology
and services  Extreme broadband – multi Gbps
 End-to-end use case  Ultra low latency < 1ms
verification  Low-cost, low-power and wide area MTC
Slide Title
OTA Testing - UE TX/RX Test Solution for mm Wave
EIRP, TRP (EIS, TRS) are defined as a basic TX/RX measurement method
LTE
UE Position Controller
TRP / EIRP
5G
TRS / EIS
UE positioner
Adoption of millimeter-wave and beamforming is making OTA test more important

than ever. Industry requires OTA-based new methodology to replace conventional
test and measurement approaches.
TRP / EIRP difference

Antenna gain
𝑮 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐢 Antenna gain
𝑮 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐢
𝑬𝑰𝑹𝑷 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦 𝑬𝑰𝑹𝑷 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦

Output power Output power
𝑷𝒕𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦 𝑷𝒕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦
𝑻𝑹𝑷 ≅ 𝟐𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦 𝑻𝑹𝑷 ≅ 𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐦
Slide Title
OTA Testing: What’s difference between White Box Gray Box & Black Box?
FFM/ CATR FFM CATR
- Need to know antenna allocations - Inapplicable when multiple TX

- Need to know which antenna is active during the measurement antennas are active simultaneously
- Inapplicable when multiple TX antennas are active simultaneously
Additional MU vs White box Additional MU vs White box

2 to 3dB 1dB
There are two OTA testing method.

- FFM(Far Field Measurement)
3GPP(under discussion)
- CATR(Compact Antenna Test Range) ・D ≦5 cm
FFM environment can support both White Box and Black Box. ・UE size ≦ 15 cm
However, measurement uncertainty will be higher 2 to 3 dB for Black Box
New Gray Box approach under discussion at 3GPP RAN4 in Jan 2018 –
Active Antenna is in Quite Zone
Slide Title
Complex Channel Modelling
Comparison of Channel Models for LTE & 5G
Building Penetration losses
Slide Title
Additional Channel Modeling Components
Additional Channel Models for more accurate evaluation of technologies like

Massive MIMO , Beamforming concepts (Source: DoCoMo & 3GPP 38.901)
Slide Title
Anritsu 5G product portfolio
TRx device RF/L1 Integration Conformance Production
Vector Network Analyzer NR Radio communication

test station Conformance test
system
Production tester
NSA-NR test solution
Power Master
Signal Analyzer
OTA chamber
Spectrum Master
Slide Title

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IEEE Webinar:

13th March 2018

Release 15 (5G Phase 1)

After Reference(RAN#78) : RP-172137

Source: NTT DoCoMo

Option SA/ Structures 3GPP Official Terminology

Option2 Option3 Option4 Option5 Option7

RLC RLC NR RLC NR RLC

LTE eNB gNB

• An NG-RAN node is either:

Next Generation Radio Technology

Change of sub-carrier spacing is possible, changing numerology “μ”.

Change of “μ” changes data rate on the sub-carrier,

SCS [kHz] CP length

• Wider carriers have shorter symbol length

• Also shorter CP, suited to the shorter

OFDM Symbol Duration

• Radio Frame is always 10 mS.

• Always 14 symbols per slot.

› Short scheduling units

All configurations are aligned on 1mS sub-frame.

Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB

FR1 - Frequency Range 1 (Sub 6 GHz)

Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB

NR band / SCS / UE Channel bandwidth

Channel bandwidths for each FR2 NR band

Data SCS = 60kHz Data SCS = 120kHz

37-40 GHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

• Figure below describes a scenario where 3 different BWPs are configured:

To improve UL coverage for high frequency scenarios, SUL can be configured.

Using a large number of antenna elements, we can create a narrow beam.

When using a massive number of Tx elements versus number of required beams,

• Hybrid analog/digital beamforming

IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec 2014 pg 111

In NR, beam management is defined as follows:

• Beam management: a set of L1/L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a

F-LPDC is a block coding structure, using forward error correction.

Downlink transport channel types are:

Uplink transport channel types are:

P P Polar coding is used for PBCH.

47 PBCH symbols carry own frequency-multiplexed DMRS.

OFDM symbol number

Overview of physical signals

Control-channel element (CCE)

Supported PDCCH aggregation levels.

Control-resource set (CORESET)

A control-channel element consists of 6 resource-element groups where a resource-element group

Overview of physical signals

QoS Flows QoS Flows

QoS flow QoS flow QoS flow

Radio Bearers Radio Bearers

ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC

RLC Channels RLC Channels

Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm.

Logical Channels Logical Channels

Scheduling / Priority Handling Scheduling

MAC Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn MAC Multiplexing

Downlink Layer 2 Structure

Example of high frequency-

Example of low frequency-

Notification of SS Block Index when single or multi-beams are used

 cm/mmWave with Massive MIMO

Adoption of millimeter-wave and beamforming is making OTA test more important

TRP / EIRP difference