Workshop

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis in SAP2000

Manish Kumar
Post-doctoral Associate
Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering
University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY)

EERI Engineering Workshop

1/12
Manish Kumar
Outline
• Nonlinearity
• Modal analysis
• Pushover analysis
• Response spectrum analysis
• Response history analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

2/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity

Source: wiki.csiamerica.com

EERI Engineering Workshop

3/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity
• P-Delta • P-Delta + large
– Geometric stiffness deformations
matrix formulated at – Stiffness matrix updated
beginning at each step
– Computational efficient – Computationally
– Appropriate when expensive
vertical loads do not vary – Appropriate when
substantially during vertical loads vary
analysis substantially during
analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

4/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity
• Two ways to include P-Delta effects
– Create static nonlinear case for each load
combination
• Only for static analysis
– Create initial P-Delta for anticipated gravity loads
• Use modified stiffness from this for all analysis
• Can be used for modal, static, and dynamic analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

5/12
Manish Kumar
Material nonlinearity
• Concentrated yield
– Appropriate for frame members
– Assign at the member ends
– Discretize members using “hinge
overwrites to get better
convergence
• Distributed plasticity
– Computationally expensive

EERI Engineering Workshop

6/12
Manish Kumar
Modal analysis
• Eigen vectors
• Ritz vectors
– For dynamic analysis
– More accurate

EERI Engineering Workshop

7/12
Manish Kumar
Pushover analysis
• Create SAP2000 model
Create the computational model • Define hinge properties and assign it to frame elements
• Define load pattern applied during pushover analysis

• Define nonlinear static load case in the desired direction

Define a nonlinear static load case
• Define nonlinear analysis option through "other parameters"

Run the analysis • Run the analysis for modal, DL, LL, and pushover case

• Review pushover curve

Review results • Review individual hinge results
• Review sequence of hinge formation in the structure

EERI Engineering Workshop

8/12
Manish Kumar
Time-history analysis
• Modal • Direct integration
– Linear & nonlinear – Linear & nonlinear
• Modal nonlinear – Appropriate to capture
analysis large nonlinear response
of structures (e.g,
– Also called fast nonlinear collapse simulation)
analysis (FNA)
– Appropriate for limited
nonlinear in members at
concentrated locations
(e.g, structures with
dampers and base-
isolators)
EERI Engineering Workshop
9/12
Manish Kumar
Time-history analysis
• Modal • Direct integration
– Linear & nonlinear – Linear & nonlinear
• Modal nonlinear – Appropriate to capture
analysis large nonlinear response
of structures (e.g,
– Also called fast nonlinear collapse simulation)
analysis (FNA)
– Appropriate for limited
nonlinear in members at
concentrated locations
(e.g, structures with
dampers and base-
isolators)
EERI Engineering Workshop
10/12
Manish Kumar
Local axis
• Local axis 1 is always the longitudinal axis

• The default orientation of the local 2 and

3 axes is determined by the relationship
between the local 1 axis and the global Z
axis:
– The local 1-2 plane is taken to be vertical,
i.e., parallel to the Z axis
– The local 2 axis is taken to have an
upward (+Z) sense unless the element is
vertical, in which case the local 2 axis is
taken to be horizontal along the global +X
direction
– The local 3 axis is always horizontal, i.e.,
it lies in the X-Y plane

EERI Engineering Workshop

11/12
Manish Kumar
 Thank You!
Questions?

mkumar2@buffalo.edu
www.manishkumar.org

EERI Engineering Workshop

12/12
Manish Kumar