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Presentado por:
2016
1. Utilizando el plano cartesiano represente los siguientes vectores dados en forma
polar:
2.1. 𝑤
⃗⃗ = (−1, −4)
2.2. 𝑡 = (−3, −2)
2.3. 𝑠 = (3/2,2)
3. Realice las operaciones indicadas de manera gráfica y analítica. Para esto
emplee el plano cartesiano y una escala de medición apropiada (fijada por el
estudiante) de manera, que se pueda establecer la magnitud (de las
componentes rectangulares) de cada uno de los vectores involucrados.
𝑢
⃗ = 2𝑖 − 𝑗
𝑣 = −3𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑤
⃗⃗ = −4𝑖 − 3𝑗
3.1. 𝑢
⃗ + 2𝑣
4.1. 𝑢
⃗ = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 𝑦 𝑣 = −3𝑖 + 4𝑗
Producto escalar
|𝑢
⃗ | = √4 + 1 = √5
|𝑣| = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5
−10 −10
5√5 cos 𝛼 = −10 → cos 𝛼 = → 𝛼 = cos−1 → 𝛼 = 152,87°
5√5 5√5
4.2. 𝑤
⃗⃗ = −4𝑖 − 3𝑗 𝑦 𝑢
⃗ = 2𝑖 − 𝑗
Producto escalar
|𝑤
⃗⃗ | = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5
|𝑢
⃗ | = √4 + 1 = √5
−5 −5
5√5 cos 𝛼 = −5 → cos 𝛼 = → 𝛼 = cos −1 → 𝛼 = 116,5°
5√5 5√5
4.3. 𝑣 = −3𝑖 + 4𝑗 𝑦 𝑤
⃗⃗ = −4𝑖 − 3𝑗
Producto escalar
|𝑣| = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5
|𝑤
⃗⃗ | = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5
0
5√5 cos 𝛼 = 0 → cos 𝛼 = → 𝛼 = cos −1 0 → 𝛼 = 90°
5√5
2 0 −7 10
𝐴=[−3 5 5 1]
−4 2 3 −1
5 6 −5 0
Solución.
2 0 -7 10 1 0 0 0
-3 5 5 1 0 1 0 0
-4 2 3 -1 0 0 1 0
5 6 -5 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 -3.5 5 0.5 0 0 0
-3 5 5 1 0 1 0 0
-4 2 3 -1 0 0 1 0
5 6 -5 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 -3.5 5 0.5 0 0 0
0 5 -5.5 16 1.5 1 0 0
0 2 -11 19 2 0 1 0
0 6 12.5 -25 -2.5 0 0 1
1 0 -3.5 5 0.5 0 0 0
0 1 -1.1 3.2 0.3 0.2 0 0
0 2 -11 19 2 0 1 0
0 6 12.5 -25 -2.5 0 0 1
1 0 -3.5 5 0.5 0 0 0
0 1 -1.1 3.2 0.3 0.2 0 0
0 0 -8.8 12.6 1.4 -0.4 1 0
0 0 19.1 -44.2 -4.3 -1.2 0 1
Dividimos la Fila 3 entre -8,8
1 0 -3.5 5 0.5 0 0 0
0 1 -1.1 3.2 0.3 0.2 0 0
0 0 1 -63/44 -7/44 1/22 -5/44 0
0 0 19.1 -44.2 -4.3 -1.2 0 1
−1 0 9 6 0
2 10 3 −2 1
𝐴= 3 5 −4 2 1
5 −11 1 7 −3
[7 4 −1 1 1 ]
10 3 −2 1 2 10 −2 1 2 10 3 1
det 𝐴 = (−1) [ 5 −4 2 1 ] + 9 [3 5 2 1 ] − 6 [3 5 −4 1]
−11 1 7 −3 5 −11 7 −3 5 −11 1 −3
4 −1 1 1 7 4 1 1 7 4 −1 1
det 𝐴 = 8022
8 −3 −2
𝐴 = [1 2 −3]
7 10 −5
8 −3 −2 8 −3 −2
𝐴 = [1 2 −3] 𝐴 = [ 1 2 −3]
7 10 −5 7 10 −5
20 16 −4
𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = |35 −26 101|
13 −22 19
20 35 −4
𝐴𝑑𝑗 (𝐴)𝑡 = |16 −26 −22|
13 101 19
20 35 −4
1
𝐴−1 = 216 |16 −26 −22|
13 101 19
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟓 −𝟒
𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝑨−𝟏 = | | 𝟏𝟔
−
𝟐𝟔 −𝟐𝟐|
𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔 |
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟗
𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏𝟔
Solución8.1
x 4 y 7z 1
5x 7 y z 5
4 x y 6 z 4
𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟕 𝟏
| 𝟓 −𝟕 −𝟏| 𝟓
−𝟒 𝟏 𝟔 −𝟒
1 −4 −7 1
|0 13 34 | 0
0 −15 −22 0
1 −4
−7
34 1
|0 1 |0
13 0
0 −15 −22
1 −4 −7
34 1
|0 1 |0
13 0
0 0 1
1 −4 0 1
| 0 1 0| 0
0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1
|0 1 0| 0
0 0 1 0
X1=1
X2=0
X3=0
Solución 8.2:
3x 4 y 7 z 11
5 x 7 y z 18
𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟒 𝟏𝟏
| |
𝟓 −𝟕 −𝟏 −𝟏𝟖
−4 −7 11
|1 3 3| 3
5 −7 −1 18
Multiplicamos la fila 1 por 5 y la restamos de la fila 2
−4 −7 11
1
| 3 3| 3
−1 32 109
5
3 3 3
−4 −7 11
|1 3 3 | 3
5 1 −32 109
1 0 −45 149
| |
5 −7 −1 109
𝑋 − 45𝑍 = 149
𝑌 − 32𝑍 = 109
𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7𝑧 + 4𝑤 = −11
5𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5𝑤 − 8
−4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 𝑤 = −7
6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 𝑤 = −2
4 1 −4 −7 𝑤 −11
−5 5 −7 −1 𝑥 −8
[ ][ ] = [ ]
−1 −4 1 6 𝑦 −7
−1 6 −1 −1 𝑧 −2
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
4 1 −4 −7 −11
[ ]
−1 −4 1 6 −7
−1 6 −1 −1 −2
𝑓2 = 𝑓2 + 4/5𝑓1
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
48 39 87
0 5 − − −
5 5 5
−1 −4 1 6 −7
[−1 6 −1 −1 −2 ]
𝑓5 = 2𝑓5
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
[ ]
−1 −4 1 6 −7
−1 6 −1 −1 −2
𝑓3 = 𝑓3 − 1/5𝑓1
−5 −7 5 −1 −8
0 25
−48 −39 −87
12 31 27
0 −5 −
5 5 5
[−1 6 −1 −1 −2 ]
𝑓4 = 𝑓4 − 1/5𝑓1
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
0 −25 12 31 −27
2 4 2
[ 0 5 − − ]
5 5 5
𝑓4 = 5 ∗ 𝑓4
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
[ ]
0 −25 12 31 −27
0 25 2 −4 −2
𝑓3 = 𝑓3 + 𝑓2
𝑓3 = 𝑓3/−2
𝑓4 = 𝑓4 − 𝑓2
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
[ ]
0 0 18 4 57
0 0 50 35 85
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
[ ]
0 0 18 4 57
0 0 10 7 17
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
0 0 18 4 57
43 44
[0 0 0
9
− ]
3
−5 5 −7 −1 −8
0 25 −48 −39 −87
2979
0 0 18 0
43
132
[0 0 0 1 −
43 ]
2007
−5 0 0 −1
86
189
0 1 0 0 −
215
331
0 0 1 0
86
132
[0 0 0 1 −
43 ]
1743
−5 0 0 0
86
189
0 1 0 0 −
215
331
0 0 1 0
86
132
[0 0 0 1 −
43 ]
Dividimos la fila 1 en -5
1743 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟑
1 0 0 0 − 𝒘=−
430 𝟒𝟑𝟎
189 𝟏𝟖𝟗
0 1 0 0 − 𝒙=−
215 𝟐𝟏𝟓
331 𝟑𝟑𝟏
0 0 1 0 𝒚=
86 𝟖𝟔
132 𝟏𝟑𝟐
[0 0 0 1 −
43 ] 𝒛=−
𝟒𝟑
Solución 8.4:
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −3
5𝑥 − 7𝑦 = −2
4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = −4
𝑓2 = 𝑓2 − 5𝑓1
1 −4 −3
[ 0 13 | 13 ]
−4 16 −4
𝑓3 = 𝑓3 + 4𝑓1
1 −4 −3
[0 13 | 13 ]
0 0 −16
Ecuaciones paramétricas
𝒀 = 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒕
𝒁 = 𝟏 − 𝟒𝒕
Ecuaciones simétricas
𝒙+𝟕 𝒚−𝟒 𝒛−𝟏
= =
𝟖 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟒
x−9 y+3 z−1
10.2. Contiene a (-5, 3, -7) y es paralela a la recta = −12 =
−6 −4
A partir de la ecuación simétrica determinamos los valores de a,b,c;
además de los valores del punto Q.
a= -6 Q(9,-3, -4)
b= -6 Ecuación paramétrica
c= 2 x= 9-6t
y=-3-6t
z= -4+2t
Ecuación simétrica
Ec. Vector:
V*n=0 Propiedad
π1 = 9x − 2y − 8z = 10 (1)
π2 = −5x − 7y − 8z = 2 (2)
9x − 2y − 8z = 10
5x + 7y + 8z = −2
𝟖 + 𝟓𝒚⁄
14x − 57y =8 𝐱= 𝟏𝟒
𝟔𝟔+𝟒𝟔𝒚 𝟖−𝟓𝒛
𝐱= =
𝟕𝟑 𝟏𝟒