Formula Sheet

T T
Fourier’s law of conduction: q n  k , Q n   kA
n n
Newton’s law of cooling: q  h Ts  T  , Q  hA Ts  T 

Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation: Eb =  T 4 (black surface), E =  Eb =   T 4 (real surface)

where  = 5.67010-8 W/m2K4 - Stefan-Boltzmann constant
A special case of net radiation exchange: qrad   s  Ts4  Tsurr
4
 
 hrad Ts  Tsurr  ,
 4 4
 
Qrad   s  As Ts  Tsurr  hrad As Ts  Tsurr  ,

where hrad   s Ts  Tsurr  Ts2  Tsurr
2

General Heat Conduction Equation:
in rectangular coordinate system: , where

in cylindrical coordinate system:

in spherical coordinate system:

T1  T2 T T
Thermal resistance concept: q  , Q  1 2
R  R
L L
Planar thermal resistance: R pl  , R pl 
k kA
r lnr2 r1  ln r2 r1 
Cylindrical shell thermal resistance: Rcy  , Rcy 
k 2 L k

r2  1 1  r 2 r2  r1  1 1 1 r r
Spherical shell thermal resistance: Rsp      , Rsp      2 1
k  r1 r2  r1 r2 k 4 k  r1 r2  4 r1 r2 k

1 1 1 1
 
Convection and radiation thermal resistance: Rconv , Rconv   
, Rrad , Rrad 
h hA hrad hrad A
N
Thermal resistance in series: RTotal   Ri
i 1

1 N
1
Thermal resistance in parallel: 
RTotal i 1 Ri

Shape factor concept: Q  S k T1  T2 

Corrected length method for fin analysis: , , , ,

Steady-state energy balance on a volume element: ∑ ∀ 0