Professional Documents
Culture Documents
a- Biology
3- Tooth formation start in fetus: between 5th and 6th week. (In Bell's Stage)
The oral epithelium is stratified squamous will thickened & give dental lamina, bud
sstage at 8 week IUL.
4- 1st sign of calcification occurs 14 weeks Intra uterine while first formation of tooth
bud is 6 weeks intra uterine.
5- Pt. come to you suffering of palatal cleft in which age will that happen: in 8th weeks.
6- Pt with wide cleft lip and palate lip adhesion or nasoalveolar molding planned: Third
to sixth.
7-Smoking is dangerous during which period of pregnancy: 3-8 week.
8-Neonatal teeth: 0-30 days , while Natal teeth: before birth.
9- Cell life cycle phases:4 .
10-The ratio of inorganic material in bone 65 %.
11-The ratio of inorganic material in enamel 90 %.
12-The ratio of inorganic material in dentin 75%.
13- There exists a normal variation in the relationship of the cementum and the enamel
athe cementoenamel junction. In about 60–65% of teeth, the cementum overlaps the
eenamel at the CEJ, 30% of teeth, the cementum and enamel abut each other with no
ooverlap. 5–10% of teeth, there is a space between the enamel and the cementum at
wwhich the underlying dentin is exposed.
14-The normal pulp pressure (8 – 15) = 10 mm hg, the intrapulpal, arterioles diameter is
50 micrometers.
15-Maxillary sinus volume is 15 ml.
16-Muscles of the tongue are: 17.
17-How many cusp ridges:4.
18-Dentinal tubules: near pulp they are 2-5 micrometers and count is 45 to 60
thousands / square millimeters, while away at the DEJ they are 0.2 to 0.5 micrometers
diameter and count is 15 to 20 thousands / square millimeters.
19-The time between the first onset of HIV & appearance of acute symptoms
(incubation period) 10 years.
20-Autoclaving: 121ºc for 15-20 min. , or 134ºc for 3-5 minutes.
21-The dry oven 2 h at 160º, or 1h at 170º.
22- The cranial nerves:-
i. Olfactory -------- smell(sensory)
ii. Optic---------------vision(sensory)
iii. Occulomotor--------eye movement(motor)
iv. Trochlear-------------eye movement(motor)
v. Trigeminal------------(sensory) for face , sinuses ,& teeth
- (motor) muscles of mastication.
vi. Abducent------------eye movement(motor)
vii. Facial -----------------muscles of face(motor)
viii. Vestibulocochlear—hearing & balance(sensory)
ix. Glossopharyngeal--- (sensory) post. Part of tongue &taste, tonsil
, &pharynx.
- -- (Motor) pharyngeal muscles
x. Vagus ---------(sensory & motor) heart , lungs, bronchi , GIT
xi. Accessory----sternocleidomastoid & trapezius Ms.(motor)
xii. Hypoglossal—muscles of tongue (motor)
23-Absolute neutrophil count (ANC): more 15000neutrophil /mm3.
24- The compression / relaxation cycle of external cardiac compression should be
repeated: 100 times / minute.
25- The growth spurt قفزة النموسbetween boys & girls is ,OR Difference in puperty
between boy and girl: 2 years .( Girls = 11-15 - Boys= 12-16)
26-chromosome cause mongolims: trismoy21.
27- 1st cervical vertebrae >>atlas
2nd >>axis
3rd>>> longus colli
4th , 5th , 6th , & 7th >>> prominens.
28- after heavy force application pain is normally felt after 3-5 sec.
29- saliva contain Ig A , while in allergic reaction Ig E .
b- Operative
-1 mg 6y - 12 years.
37- Best effect of fluoride it should apply every 6 month.
38-Fluorosis occurs at 3PPM, but lethal dosage of fluoride is at 5-10 g which is 32-64mg/
kg.
39-Mesiodistal width of gingival seats of class 2 amalgam restoration is 1.5 mm.
40-the strength of bonding enamel 25 MP, while bonding dentin 35 MP.
41- After bleaching a tooth, we want to restore the tooth with composite resin, we don’t
want to compromise the bonding, and we wait for: 1 -2 week.
42- Dentist provided bleaching which also known as (home bleaching) ( night guard vita
Bleaching) contain:
5 - 22 % carbamide peroxide.
43- For give black classification study what the number represents in the instrument
Formula: (one for width, one for length and one for angulation).
1st: Width of blade, 2nd: Length of the blade and 3rd: Angle of blade and angle of
Cutting edge 4th: when cutting edge at an angle other than right.
44-age of pits & fissures sealnt:
A- 3 – 4 y for 1ry molars
B- 6 – 7 y for 1st permenant molar
C- 11 – 13 y for 2nd permenant molar & premolars.
C-Endo
1- The placement of RD 4 contacts, 2 at lingual surface & 2 at buccal surface to prevent
the rocking.
2- Formacrisol should be one fifth saturated.
3- The GP contain mainly 66 % zinc oxide, & 23 % GP material.
4- CMCP= Camphorated MonoChloroPhenol used as RCT disinfection
contain: phenol 35%-Chlorophenol 35%, Camphor 65%.
5- Increase in taper is 0.02/ mm so along the 16 mm of active cutting part the increase
in diameter is 0.02 x 16 = 0.32 mm.
6- The standaradized length of root canal 16 mm.
7- An example is file 50 means at the tip the diameter is 0.50 mm.
8- To get file size 24, the following length should be cut from file size 20:2 mm.
9- The different between file and another is 0.05 mm from file 10 to 60
and 0.1 between files 60- 140.
10- Instrument with same length and color:25 red.
11- The three length of files and reamers that you work by them: 21-25-31.
12-The root obturated at 0.5 – 1 mm short from the radiographic apex, 1.5 mm short
with bone resorption, but no root resorption, and 2 mm short with bone and root
resorption.
13-For post preparation we should leave 4 – 5 mm of GP.
14- Gutta percha reaches the alpha temp at 42 - 48˚C.
15- Gate Glidden is 6 files only.
Ddiameter start from 0.5mm to 1.5 mm
T the full file length is 32mm
T the shank length is 19mm
\
16-Avulsed tooth should splint for 1 – 2 week to avoid ankylosis.
17-avulsed tooth remain for 60 min what should do put in NaCl then 2 % sodium fluoride
ssolution for 20 min .
D-Crown
1-The degree of the crown taper during preparation 6º.
2-The degree of the inclination of an abutment, which can be used 15 – 25 º.
3- etching porcelain veneer by 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid .
4-For onlays preparation reduction of functional cusp 1.5 mm.
5-The amount of reduction in all ceramic crown 1 – 1.5 mm.
6-The amount of reduction in PFM crown 1.5 – 2 mm.
7-The incisal reduction for a metal ceramic restoration should be 2 mm.
8-The amount of reduction in metallic crown 0.5 mm.
9-The amount of reduction in veneer 0.3 – 0.5 mm.
10-Setting expansion of the casting investment material 0.1-0.5%.
11-Poecelain shrinkage after firing at 1400 º C 10 – 20 % (20 – 50 ) (30 – 40 ).
12-The ideal post drill for most posterior teeth is: peeso drill size 2-3.
13-crown to root ratio:
ideal 1-2
Optimum 2-3
normal 1-1.5
acceptable 1-1.
1 4- Instrument used for wax grooving for a die in FPD: * Instrument we use to make
ggroove in the wax is: PKT no3.
15- percentage of epinephrine in gingival retraction cord 8%.
e- Pedo
1- Ugly duckling stage 9-11 years old.
2
2-The eruption of permenant teeth occur when root is formed.
3
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F-surgery
1- Mg in cart = mg /cc x 1.8 cc
2%=20 mg/ml
20 * 1.8=36 mg
Epin 1:100 000 =0.01 mg
0.01 * 1.8 = 0.018 mg epi/ car
2- Max. dose per kg = 4.4 mg/kg
Max. dose for patient = weight * 4.4
The carpule contain 36mg
No. of carpules = max. dose of pt. / 36
3-The amount of LA in 2% lidocine with 100000 adrenaline = 36 mg.
4-The amount of adrenaline in 1.8 cc of 2% xylcine = 0.018 mg.
5- When injecting without vasoconstrictor, the maximum safe dose of 2% lignocaine
solution for 70Kg adult is: 22ml.
6-Pt need exo, he takes Antidepressant, amount of epinephrine on anesthesia: 0.02.
7- Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 Red.
Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:50,000 Green.
Lidocaine Plain Light Blue.
Mepivacaine 2% with Levonordefrin 1:20,000 Brown.
Mepivacaine 3% Plain Tan.
Prilocaine 4% with Epinephrine 1:200,000 Yellow .
Prilocaine 4% Plain Black.
Bupivacaine 0.5% with Epinephrine1:200,000 Blue.
Articaine 4% with Epinephrine 1:100,00 Gold.
Articaine 4% with Epinephrine 1:200,000 Silver.
8-Vazikonin Akinosi technique (bercher's): 25 gauge with long needle, while aspiration
by 19 gauge.
9- Percentage of maxillary fracture75%.
10- COPD Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease pt. for extraction of multiple teeth
need 2.5oxygen.
11- Root most commonly pushed in max. Sinus: Palatal of 6.
12-The incidence of nerve damage after 3rd molar surgery 5% or less.
13-Minimal cortical thickness around neck of implant 1mm.
18-Scalpel is universally used for oral surgical procedures Bard Parker Number 15.
19-When extracting all maxillary teeth the correct order is 87542163.
20-Electro surgery rate: 1.5 – 7.5 million cycle per seconds.
21-When resection the tip of root in apicectomy, the cut should be: acute 45 – 60 º.
22-temprature that damages the bone during implant procedure if temperature is raised
I in the bone to 47C for more than 1 minute.
23- the recommended numbers of implants for complete edentouls patients:
maxilla 8 mmandibular 6, while maxilla 6 mandibular 4 >> this is a mininmum.
24-Fracture of angle of mandible which view is best to see if its favorable or unfavorable:
330 degree lateral oblique .
25- For mandibular fracture to detect if its favorable or not
I if he asking vertically u will choose periapical view
If
its horizontal u go for 30 degree oblique.
2
6- the CT scan cut for zygomatic fracture(Oblique Parasagittal View for orbital fractures)
1-1.5mm.
27- Patient has in symphysis area and need maxillofacial surgery, What is the wire:
6 feet …26 gauge.
G-Medicine
1-power brush date1939.
2-For the right handed dentist seated to the right of the patient, the operator zone is b
b between: 8 and 11 o'clock.
3-For right handed dentist, the static zone is between: 11 - 2 o'clock.
4-For right handed dentist, the assistant's zone is between: 2 - 4 o'clock.
5-For right handed dentist, the transfer zone is between: 4 - 8 o'clock.
6-The index age for diseases 5 years for primary & 12 – 15, 35 – 44, 65 – 74 for
permanent.
7-Biological width of gingiva: 2 mm, while Biological depth: Crestal bone to gingival
sulcus.
8- Critical width for scaling 2.9 .
9- To have a true periodontal pocket, a probing measurement should be 4 mm, or more .
* Normal gingival depth is 1 - 3 mm. 0 to 3 mm.
10-2 hours is the time needed after aggressive brushing for plaque to form again.
11- Dental plaque is formed after: 6 hours.
12-Chlorohexidine used in mouth wash in conc. Of 0.1 – 0.2 %.
13-TTT. Of dentin sensitivity by 10 % strontium or potassium chloride, or 5 % potassium
nitrate.
14-Acyclovir dose for ttt. Of herpes 200 mg / 5 times a day for 7 days.
15- For a patient that is on a corticosteroid therapy, upon oral surgery, the patient is
g given: 100 - 200 mg hydrocortisone.
16- The right corticosteroid daily dose for pemphigus vulgaris is: 50-100mg
hydrocortisone. (Max. is 120mg. daily prednisone) 1-2 mg/kg/daily. (( الى100 وتعادل تقريبا
مجم من الهيدروكورتيزون ن120 (max. is 120 mg. daily prednisone).
17-Complete epithelialization occurs after 7-14 days, but complete maturation needs 6
months after periosurgery.
18- duration of GTR (barrier membrane): 3 month.
19-Membrane removal: if - resorbable membrane then 9-12 Weeks
- Non- resorbable: 3-6 W.
20-The universal currete 90º not offset, gracy 60º offset.
21-Gracy 5/6 for anterior, gracy 7/8 for wide posterior no contact, gracy 11/12 for
mesial posterior, and gracy 13/14 for distal posterior.
22-Sharpening the curette and sickle, the cutting edge should be at angle: 70-80.
23- Scaling for Facial should be angle: - 70 – 80.
24- In order to activation of periodontal instruments the blade should make angle with
fffacial surface of the tooth 45:90.
25- Sharpening of curatte,u put its cutting edge at 100-110 to stone.
N 26- Universal scaller angle: 90 to 100.
27-Bard parker (surgical blades no 11 and 12):- used for gingival contouring
(Gingivectomy)
29 -Needle use for biopsy for aspiration: 19 gauge or 18 gauge with 5ml syringe.
31- Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of salivary glands, (80%
parotid affection).
32- The maximum dose of x-ray exposure dose for radiographic technique:
100 milli roentgens per week = (0.1 Rem per week).
33- Person who works near radiation can be exposed in one year to a maximum dose of
5 Rem.
34-Vertical angulation for a bitewing radiograph is: 10 degree downward.
35-Dentulous adult x-ray survey: - 18, 20, or more images.
- 4 bitewings
- 16 Periapical (6 or 8 anterior).
36-edentulous adult x-ray survey 14 or 16 Periapical.
37-Primary x-ray survey 8 images:-
-max. Central (1)
Right & left 1ry molars (2)
49- Heparin is an anticoagulant agent: give in every 6 hrs. and work on PTT.
50-
■Heparin: ↑ PTT, affects the intrinsic pathway and ↓ fibrinogen levels; safe in pregnancy.
■ Warfarin: ↑ PT, affects the extrinsic pathway, and ↓ vitamin K; teratogeni, INR.
51- INR = PT ( of pt. ) / normal PT
23- a. High noble alloy (gold – platinum –palladium ) (60% precious metal )
b. Noble alloy ( semi –precious metal = 25% of precious metal)
c. Non-noble alloy (nickel – chromium – gold) non precious metal.
24- lower edentulous arch
Best ttt……. CD over 4 implant. Standard …….. CD over 2 implant.
i-ortho
1-Minimal Space needed between primary and permenant dentition IS:
6 mm in mandible and 7 mm in maxilla.
2-Leeway space: it is the space deference between the combined mesiodistal width of
the C, D & E teeth and that of their successors (3, 4 and 5)
which is 1.9 mm in maxilla and 3.4 mm in mandible.
3-Orthognathic surgery, you plan to use 2 mm screw the drill size: 1.5 mm.
4- Rapid maxillary expansion activation: Twice per day.