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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The lungs are a vital organ in our body, located in our chests. These pairs of cone-shaped
breathing organs bring oxygen into our body and releases carbon dioxide. It is very important to
make sure that they are functioning accurately because our life depends on it.

Each lung is made up of lobes. The left lung has 2 lobes and the right lung has 3. A thin
membrane called pleura surrounds the lungs. Lungs are protected by rib-cage. Beneath the lungs
is a dome-shaped muscle called diaphragm, that works with lungs allowing us to inhale (breath
the air in) and to ex-hale (breathe the air out).

From outside lungs look pink and they are sponge like in structure. At the bottom of wind-pipe
(trachea) are the 2 tubes (main stem bronchi) that head into the respective lobes. Each main stem
bronchi are then gets branched into smaller and smaller tubes (bronchi). So they from a tree like
structure. The tiniest branch is called bronchioles. It has a thickness of a human hair. There are
about 30,000 bronchioles in each lung.

The main bronchus divides into lobar bronchi as they enter their respective lungs. The LOBAR
BRONCHI, two in the left lung and three in the right lung. Conduct air to each lobe. The
LOBAR bronchi in tern give rise to segmental bronchi, which extend to the bronco pulmonary
segments of the lungs. The bronchi continue to branch many times finally giving rise to
bronchioles. The bronchioles also subdivide numerous ties to give rise to terminal bronchioles,
which then subdivides into respiratory bronchioles. Each respiratory bronchiole subdivides to
form alveolar ducts, which are lifelong, branching hallways with many open doorways. The
doorways open into alveoli or the hollow sacks, which are small air sacks. The alveoli become so
numerous that the alveolar duct wall is little more than a succession of alveoli. The alveolar
ducts and as 2 or 3 alveolar sacks, which are chambers connected to 2 or more alveoli. There are
about 300 million alveoli in the lungs.

The LUNG AND THE GALLBLADDER

The liver is a large organ weighing three pounds in the average adult and measuring
about 9.5 inches across. It performs over 500 separate metabolic functions for the body.
These functions can be grouped into two main actions: one, processing digested food
received from the blood and fats from the lymphatics, and two, filtering wastes and
toxins also from the blood.
The liver controls the glucose (sugar) level in the blood. It can remove or add glucose at
will. This keeps the level of glucose at a constant within the blood at all times.
The liver collects newly absorbed nutrients and depending on the body’s needs can
either release them into the blood or store them as fat or glycogen. The liver also stores
copper, iron, and the vitamins A, B12, D, E, and K.
The liver has cells called Kupffer’s cells that ingest and break down old white and red
blood cells. The Kupffer’s cells also break down some bacteria as well as toxins.
There are areas in the liver that specialize in the chemical alteration of toxic molecules
into water-soluble forms. These forms are less harmful and can easily be eliminated
through urine via the kidneys.
The liver can also eliminate harmful substances by excreting them into the bile. The
gallbladder is a pear shaped pouch for bile received from the liver, which, when
secreted into the small intestines, helps to digest and break down fat and cholesterol.
Bile salts contain cholesterol in a liquid form. However, if there is an excess of
cholesterol and other toxins they can crystallize in the gallbladder. When this happens
gallstones begin to form.
One can easily see the importance of this powerful organ of elimination. If the liver is
toxic the entire body will certainly suffer. In turn when the liver has been cleansed,
almost all the body's processes will be greatly strengthened.

What is the Gallbladder?

The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile. The gallbladder is
connected to the liver by the hepatic duct. It is approximately 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10.2 cm) long
and about 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide.

The gallbladder is also called a 'gall bladder'.

What is its Function?

The function of the gallbladder is to store bile and concentrate. Bile is a digestive liquid
continually secreted by the liver. The bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested
food. A muscular valve in the common bile duct opens, and the bile flows from the gallbladder
into the cystic duct, along the common bile duct, and into the duodenum (part of the small
intestine).

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