Continuity

JEE (MAIN & ADV.
), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

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CONTINUITY ( )
Only one option is correct.
2 x + 3, − 3 < x < −2
1. Let f ( x ) =  x + 1, −2 ≤ x < 0 . Then, the number of points at which f ( x ) is discontinuous is:
 x + 2, 0 ≤ x <1

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
 log (1 + 3 x ) − log (1 − 2 x )
 , x≠0
2. If f ( x ) =  x . is continuous at x = 0, then the value of a is :
 a , x=0

(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) –2
1/ 3
Let f ( x ) =
( 27 − 2 x ) − 3 , x ≠ 0. If f x
3. 1/ 5 ( ) is continuous at x = 0, then the value of f ( x ) at x = 0
9 − 3 ( 243 + 5 x )
is :
(a) 2/3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
3
 ax − ( a + 1) ; x ≠ 2
4. If f ( x ) =  2 , f is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of a ?
 1; x=2
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 x2 − ( a + 2) x + a
 , x≠2
5. If f ( x ) =  x−2 is continuous at x = 2, then
 2, x=2

(a) a = 3 (b) a = 1 (c) a = 0 (d) a = −1
[ x ] + [ − x ] , when x ≠ 3
6. If f ( x ) =  , where [.] is the greatest integer function, then f is continuous at
 k, when x = 3
x = 3, if k is equal to :
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
π  log sin x 1 − sin x
7. The value of f   so that the function f ( x ) = . , x ≠ 0 is
2 ( )
log 1 + π − 4π x + 4 x (π − 2 x )
2 2 2
π
continuous at x = is :
2
1 1 1 1
(a) − (b) − (c) − (d) −
128 90 64 48
 ( x − 1)
 , for x ≠ 1
8. The function f defined by f ( x ) = 1 + e{1/ ( x −1)} . At x = 1, the function f ( x ) is :
 0, for x = 1

(a) discontinuous since lim− f ( x ) does not exist (b) discontinuous since lim− f ( x ) ≠ lim+ f ( x )
x →1 x →1 x →1
(c) discontinuous since lim f ( x ) ≠ f (1) (d) continuous

x →1
th
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2 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
1 −1
 
9. The function defined by f ( x ) =  x 2 + e 2− x  , when x ≠ 2 and f ( x ) = k when x = 2 , is continuous
 
from right at the point x = 2. Then k is equal to :
1 1
(a) − (b) 0 (c) (d) None of these
4 4
10. If f ( x ) = x + 2 when x ≤ 1 and f ( x ) = 4 x − 1 when x > 1, then:
(a) lim f ( x ) = 4 (b) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
x →1
(c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 (d) None of these

sin 2 x + A sin x + B cos x
11. If f ( x ) = is continuous at x = 0, then the values of A, B and f ( 0 ) are
x3
respectively :
(a) A = 1, B = −1 f ( 0 ) = 0 (b) A = 1, B = −2, f ( 0 ) = −2
(c) A = 2, B = −2, f ( 0 ) = 1 (d) A = −2, B = 0, f ( 0 ) = −1
 sin [ x ]
 for x > 0
 [ x ] + 1
 π
 cos [ x ]
12. If f ( x ) =  2 for x < 0, where [.] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then in
 [ x]

 k for x = 0
order that f be continuous at x = 0, then value of k is :
(a) Indeterminate (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
 1  1
13. The points of discountinuity of f   if f ( x ) = 2 is/are :
 x −1  x + x−2
1
(a) x = 1, x = −2 (b) x = , x = 2, x = 1 (c) x = 1, x = 2 (d) None of these
2
1
14. The number of points at which f ( x ) = is not continuous, is :
x2 −1
log e 2
x +1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 sin { x} , x < 1
15. A function f ( x ) is defined as f ( x ) =  , where { x} denotes the fractional part of x,
 cos x + a , x ≥ 1
If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1, then :
(a) a = cos1 (b) a = sin1 (c) a = cos1 − sin1 (d) a = sin1 − cos1
( )
4
 ex −1
 , x≠0
  x2   2

16. The function f ( x ) =  sin   log 1 + x , is continuous everywhere. The value ( s ) of a
2
 a   2 
 8, x=0

is/are :
(a) 1, 2 (b) –1, –2 (c) 2, –2 (d) 1, –2
 πx 
17. The points of discontinuity of f ( x ) = tan   other than x = −1 are:
 x +1 
th
( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 3
2m − 1 2m + 1 2+m
(a) x = 0, π (b) x = , m∈ z (c) x = , m ∈ z (d) x = ,m ∈ z
2m + 1 1 − 2m 2m − 1
 x−4
 + a, x<4
x−4

18. Let f ( x ) =  a + b, x = 4 . Then f ( x ) is continuous at x = 4, when :
 x−4
 + b, x > 4
 x−4
(a) a = −1, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = −1 (c) a = 0, b = 0 (d) a = 1, b = 1
 π
 2 cos x if x≤−
2

If f : R → R given by f ( x ) =  a sin x + b if π π is a continuous function on R then a, b
19. − <x< ( )
 2 2
 2 π
 1 + cos x if x≥
2

is equal to :
1 1
(a) ( a, − 1) (b) ( −1, 0 ) (c) ( 0, 2 ) (d)  , 
2 2

(
 1 − sin 3 x )
, x<
π
2
 3cos x 2
 π π
20. If f ( x ) =  a, x= is continuous at x = , find the values of a and b .
 2 2
 b (1 − sin x ) π
 2
, x>
 (π − 2 x ) 2
1 1 1 1
(a) a = 2, b = (b) a = , b = 4 (c) a = , b = 2 (d) a = 4, b =
2 2 4 2
21. The function f ( x ) = p [ x + 1] + q [ x − 1] , where [ . ] is the greatest integer function, is continuous at
x = 1 if :
(a) p = 0 (b) q = 0 (c) p − q = 0 (d) p + q = 0
tan x
e −1
22. The function f ( x ) = is discontinuous at x equal to :
e tan x + 1
π π π
(a) nπ + π (b) nπ + (c) nπ + (d) nπ +
2 4 8
2n
23. Let f ( x ) = lim ( sin x ) , then the number of points where f ( x ) is discontinuous is/are:
n →∞
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these

 x − [ x]
 , when x>2
 x−2

24. A function f ( x ) defined as : f ( x) =  m, when x = 2 is continuous at x = 2. Then,
 2
 n x − x − 2 , when x<2
 2 + x − x 2
the values of m and n are :
1 1 −1 3
(a) m = , n = − (b) m = 1, n = −1 (c) m = n = 1 (d) m = , n=
2 2 2 2
th
 −π
 −2sin x, −π ≤ x ≤ 2
 π π
25. If f ( x ) = a + b sin x, −π < x < π , is continuous at both x = − and x = , then ( a, b ) is equal
2 2 2 2

 π
 cos x, ≤ x ≤π
 2
to :
(a) ( −1, 1) (b) (1, − 1) (c) ( 0, 1) (d) (1, 0 )
26. If n is an integer then all the points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = sec 3x + cosec 3x are given
completely by :
nπ nπ π
(a) x = (b) x = (c) x = ( 2n + 1) (d) x = nπ
6 3 3
 me sin x − n cos x − x
 , x≠0
27. The function f ( x ) =  x2
 p, x=0

(a) is continuous at x = 0 if m − n = p (b) is continuous at x = 0, if m = n = p = 1
(c) is continuous at x = 0 if m + n + p = 0 (d) can never be continuous at x = 0.
28. f ( x ) is a continuous function and attains only rational values. If f ( 0 ) = 5, then the roots of equation
f ( 0 ) x 2 + f (1) x + f ( 5 ) = 0 are :
(a) rational (b) real and equal (c) real and unequal (d) None of these
 2  1
29. All the points of discontinuity of f   if f ( x ) = 2 is/are:
 x−2 x − 17 x + 66
7 24
(a) x = 2 (b) x = 2, x = 6, x = 11 (c) x = , x = (d) None of these
3 11
30. The function f ( x ) = [ x ] sin ( 2 x − 1) π , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous
for :
(a) all integral values of x (b) all irrational values of x (c) all rational values of x (d) all real values of x
31. The sum of two discontinuous functions:
(a) is always continuous (b) may be continuous (c) is always discontinuous (d) can’t be determined

 1/ x
 (1 + ax ) , x<0
32. The values of the constants a, b, c for which the function  is continuous at
f ( x) =  b , x=0
 1/ 3
 ( x + c ) −1 , x > 0
 ( x + 1)1/ 2 − 1

x = 0, are:
(a) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( 2 / 3) , c = −1 (b) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( 2 / 3) , c = 1
(c) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( −2 / 3) , c = 1 (d) None of these
33. Let f ( x ) = [ x ] , where [.] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x. Then, f ( x ) is
discontinuous at :
(a) integer points only (b) non-integer points only (c)rational points only (d)None of these
tan x log ( x − 2 )
34. The set of points of discontinuities of f ( x ) = is :
x2 − 4 x + 3
 π 
(
(a) −∞, 2 ∪ 3 ) {} (b) ( −∞, 2] ∪ {3} ∪ ( 2n + 1) , n ≥ 1
 2 
th
(c) ( −∞, 2 ) (d) none of these.
 x3 + x 2 − 16 x + 20
 , if x ≠ 2
Let f ( x ) =  . If f ( x ) be continuous for all x , then k is equal to :
2
35. ( x − 2)

 k, if x = 2
(a) 7 (b) −7 (c) ±7 (d) none of these
2
ax − b, when 0 ≤ x < 1

36. If f ( x ) =  2, when x = 1 is continuous at x = 1 , then the most suitable value of a , b are :
 x + 1, when 1 < x ≤ 2

(a) a = 2, b = 0 (b) a = 1, b = −1 (c) a = 4, b = 2 (d) All of these
x− x
, when x ≠ 0
37. If f ( x ) =  x , then :
 2, when x = 0

(a) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 (b) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
(c) lim f ( x ) = 2 (d) none of the above
x →0
 x 2 + 1, x ≠ 0, 2
sin x, x ≠ nπ ; n ∈ Z 
38. If f ( x ) =  and g ( x ) =  4, x = 0 , then lim g { f ( x )} is :
 2, otherwise  5, x = 2
x →0

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 1
 x + a 2 sin x,
2
0 ≤ x <π /4

39. If the function f ( x ) =  x cot x + b, π / 4 ≤ x < π / 2 is continuous in the interval [ 0, π ] , then the
b sin 2 x − a cos 2 x, π / 2 ≤ x ≤ π

values of ( a, b ) are :
(a) ( −1, − 1) (b) ( 0, 0 ) (c) ( −1, 1) (d) (1, − 1)
40. The function f ( x ) = 2sgn 2 x + 2 has :
(a) jump discontinuity (b) removal discontinuity
(c) infinite discontinuity (d) no discontinuity at x = 0
 8 − 4 − 2 +1
x x x
 , x>0
41. If f ( x ) =  x2 is continuous at x = 0 . Then the value of λ is :
e sin x + π x + λ ln 4, x ≤ 0
x

(a) 4 ln 2 (b) 2 ln 2 (c) ln 2 (d) none of these
(1 + cos x )
ab / cos x
, nπ < x < ( 2n + 1) π / 2


42. If f ( x ) =  e a .eb , x = ( 2n + 1) π / 2 is continuous in ( nπ , ( n + 1) π ) , then :
 cot 2 x / cot 8 x
e , ( 2n + 1) π / 2 < x < ( n + 1) π
(a) a = 1, b = 2 (b) a = 2, b = 2 (c) a = 2, b = 3 (d) a = 3, b = 4
1 1
43. If f ( x ) = and g ( x ) = , then points of discontinuity of f ( g ( x ) ) are :
( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x2
 1   1 1   1 
(a) −1, 0, 1,  (b) − , − 1, 0, 1,  (c) {0, 1} (d) 0, 1, 
 2  2 2  2
th
6 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
)
log e (1 + ax ) − log e (1 − bx )
44. The function f ( x ) = is not defined at x = 0 . The value which should be
x
assigned to f at x = 0 , so, that it is continuous at x = 0 , is :
(a) a − b (b) a + b (c) log e a + log 2 b (d) log e a − log e b
1 − sin x π
 π − 2 x , x≠
2 π
45. If f ( x ) =  , be continuous at x = , then value of λ is :
 λ, π 2
x=
 2
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
2− x+4
46. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 , is continuous function at x = 0 , then f ( 0 ) equals :
sin 2 x
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
4 4 8 8
2
2x + 7
47. The function f ( x ) = 3 is discontinuous for :
x + 3x 2 − x − 3
(a) x = 1 only (b) x = 1 and x = −1 only
(c) x = 1, x = −1, x = −3 only (d) x = 1, x = −1, x = −3 and other values of x
3x 2 + 12 x − 1, −1 ≤ x ≤ 2
48. If f ( x ) =  , then :
 37 − x, 2< x≤3
(a) f ( x ) is decreasing on [ −1, 2] (b) f ( x ) is continuous on [ −1, 3]
(c) f ′ ( 2 ) is continuous on [ −1, 3] (d) f ( x ) has the maximum value at x = 2
1 − sin x π π 
49. If f ( x ) = 2
, when x ≠ and f   = λ , then f ( x ) will be a continuous function at
(π − 2 x ) 2 2
π
x= , when λ =
2
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 4 8
 π
 x + a 2 sin x, 0≤ x<
4

If the function f ( x ) = 2 x cot x + b, π π , is continuous in the interval 0, π , then :
50. ≤x≤ [ ]
 4 2
 π
a cos ( 2 x ) − b sin x, 2
< x ≤π

π π π π π π π π
(a) a = ,b= (b) a = − ,b=− (c) a = − ,b= (d) a = ,b=−
6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
 x +1 where x ≤ 1
51. Let f ( x ) =  2
, The value of ' a ' so that the function is continuous is
3 − ax where x > 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) 2
 1 1
 2− +
(1 + x )  x x  , x ≠ 0 is :
52. The function f ( x ) = 
 0, x=0
(a) discontinuous at only one point (b) discontinuous exactly at two points
(c) continuous everywhere (d) none of these
th
 1 + px − 1 − px
 , −1 < x < 0
53. Let f ( x ) =  x . If f ( x ) is continuous in the interval [ −1, 1] , then p
 2 x + 1
, 0 ≤ x ≤1
 x−2
equals :
1 1
(a) (b) − (c) –1 (d) 1
2 2
 x4 − 5x2 + 4
 , x ≠ 1, 2
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )

54. Let f ( x ) =  6, x = 1 . Then f ( x ) is continuous on the set :
 12, x=2

(a) R − {2} (b) R − {1, 2} (c) R (d) R − {1}
π 
tan  − x 
55. Let f ( x ) = 4  , x ≠ π . The value which should be assigned to f at x = π , so that it is
cot 2 x 4 4
continuous everywhere is :
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
2
 tan x − cot x π
 , x ≠
π 4
 x− π
56. Let f ( x ) =  4 , the value of a so that f ( x ) is continuous at x = is :
 4
π
 a, x=
 4
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 1
2
ax + b, x < −1
57. If the derivative of the function f ( x ) =  2 , is everywhere continuous, then :
bx + ax + 4, x ≥ −1
(a) a = 2, b = 3 (b) a = 3, b = 2 (c) a = −2, b = −3 (d) a = −3, b = −2
5 x − 4, 0 < x ≤1
58. The value of b for which the function f ( x ) =  2 , is continuous at every point of
4 x + 3bx, 1 < x < 2
its domain, is :
13
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)
3
 πx
1 + sin 2 , − ∞ < x ≤ 1

59. If the function f ( x ) = ax + b, 1 < x < 3 is continuous in the interval ( −∞, 6 ) , then the value
 πx
6 tan , 3≤ x <6
 12
of a and b are respectively :
(a) 0, 2 (b) 1, 1 (c) 2, 0 (d) 2, 1
 sin ( a + 1) x + sin x
 , x<0
 x
60. The value of a, b and c which make the function f ( x ) =  c, x=0
 2
 x + bx − x , x>0
 bx3/ 2
th
)
is continuous at x = 0 are :
3 1 3 1 3 1
(a) a = − , c = , b = 0 (b) a = , c = , b ≠ 0 (c) a = − , c = , b ≠ 0 (d)none of these
2 2 2 2 2 2
61. If f ( x ) be a continuous function and g ( x ) be discontinuous, then :
(a) f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be continuous (b) f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be discontinuous
(c) f ( x ) = g ( x ) for all x (d) can not say
 π
(1 + sin x )
a / sin x
, − < x<0
6

 π
62. Let f ( x ) = e tan 2 x / tan 3 x , 0< x< .
 6
 b, x=0


The value of a and b so that f ( x) may be continuous at x = 0 are :
2 2 2
(a) a = − , b = e 2 / 3 (b) a = , b = e −2 / 3 (c) a = , b = e 2 / 3 (d) none of these
3 3 3
63. Function f ( x ) = x − 1 + x − 2 + cos x, where x ∈ [ 0, 4] is not continuous at number of points :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
64. The interval where the function log (1 + x ) is continuous, is :
(a) ( 0, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, − 1) (c) ( −1, ∞ ) (d) none of these
65. The set of points of discontinuity of the function 1/ log x is :
(a) {−1, 0, 1} (b) {0} (c) {0, 1} (d) none of these
66. The set of points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = log x is :
(a) {0} (b) φ (c) {1, − 1} (d) none of these
67. The set of points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = sin x is :
 π 
(a) {nπ : n ∈ I } (b) ( 2n + 1) : n ∈ I  (c) φ (d) none of these
 2 
sin x
68. The set of points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = is :
sin x
(a) {0} (b) {nπ : n ∈ I } (c) φ (d) none of these
1 − tan x π  π  π π 
69. Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ , x ∈ 0,  . f ( x ) is continuous in 0, 2  , then f  4  is :
4x − π 4  2
1 1
(a) − (b) (c) 1 (d) –1
2 2
1 − sin 2 x π
 2
, x<
 3cos x 2
 π π
70. If f ( x ) =  a, x = . Then f ( x ) is continuous at x = , if :
 2 2
 b (1 − sin x ) π
 2
, x>
 (π − 2 x ) 2
1 1 8 2 8
(a) a = , b = 2 (b) a = , b = (c) a = , b = (d) none of these
3 3 3 3 3
th
1  n 
71. If f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0, 1] and f   = 2, then lim f   is equal to :
2 n →∞
 2 n +1
(a) 0 (b) ∞ (c) 2 (d) none of these
2
ax + b, 0 ≤ x < 1

72. If f ( x ) =  x + 3, 1 < x ≤ 2 then the value of ( a, b ) for which f ( x ) cannot be continuous at x = 1
4, x =1

is :
(a) ( 2, 2 ) (b) ( 3, 1) (c) ( 4, 0 ) (d) ( 5, 2 )
 a
π
( 1 tan )
− x tan x , − <x<0
 4
73. If the function f ( x ) =  b, x=0 is continuous at x = 0, then :
 sin 3 x
 π
e sin 2 x , 0<x<
 4
−3 3 3 −3
(a) a = ,b= (b) a = , b = e3/ 2 (c) a = , b = e3/ 2 (d) none of these
2 2 2 2
 1 
74. The function f ( x ) = tan −1   has :
 x−5
(a) discontinuity of the first kind at x = 5 (b) discontinuity of the second kind at x = 5
(c) removable discontinuity at x = 5 (d) continuous at x = 5
1 2
75. The function f : R − {0} → R given by f ( x ) = − 2 x can be made continuous at x = 0 by
x e −1
defining f ( 0 ) as :
(a) 2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
log e (1 + x 2 tan x )
76. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0, is to be continuous at x = 0, then f ( 0 ) must be defined as :
sin x 3
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1/ 2 (d) –1
( 4 x − 1)
3

 , x≠0
 x  x2 
77. Find the value of p for which the function f ( x ) =  sin   log  1 + 
  p  3 
 3
 12 ( log 4 ) , x=0
is continuous at x = 0 .
(a) p = −4 (b) p = 4 (c) p = 3 (d) None of these.
[ x ] + [ − x ] , x ≠ 2
78. If f ( x ) =  , then f is continuous at x = 2 provided, λ is :
 λ, x=2
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
2
 x
 a , 0 ≤ x <1

79. The function f ( x ) =  a, 1≤ x < 2
 2b 2 − 4b
 , 2≤x<∞
 x 2
is continuous for 0 ≤ x < ∞, then the most suitable values of a and b are :
th
(a) a = 1, b = −1 (b) a = −1, b = 1 + 2 (c) a = −1, b = 1 (d) none of these
log (1 + x 2 )
80. The function f ( x ) = is :
x 4 − 26 x 2 + 25
(a) continuous on [ 6, 10] (b)continuous on [ −2, 2] (c)continuous on [ −6, 6] (d)continuous on [ 0, 4]
1 −1
 
81. If f ( x ) = 3 + 1 + 71− x  , then :
 
(a) lim− f ( x ) = 4 (b) lim+ f ( x ) = 3 (c) lim+ f ( x ) = 5
x →1 x →1 x →1
(d) f is not continuous in whatever way f may be defined at x = 1 .

 sin 3 x log (1 + 3 x )
 , x≠0
( )( )
2
82. The function f ( x ) =  tan −1 x e5 x − 1 is continuous at x = 0 if :
3

 a, x=0
3 5
(a) a = 0 (b) a = (c) a = 2 (d) a =
5 3
83. Which of the following functions is continuous on ( 0, π ) ?
 3π  π
x 1  1, 0<x≤
4  x sin x, 0< x≤
2
(a) tan x (b) ∫ t sin dt (c)  (d) 
2 sin x , 3π < x < π  π sin ( π + x ) , π < x < π
0 t
 3 4  2 2
84. Number of points of discontinuity of f ( x ) = x − x − x 2 , x ∈ [ −1, 1] is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
0, x is irrational
85. The function f ( x ) =  , is :
1, x is rational
(a) continuous at x = 1 (b) discontinuous only at 0
(c) discontinuous only at 0, 1 (d) discontinuous everywhere
2
x − 10 x + 25
86. If f ( x ) = 2 for x ≠ 5 and f is continuous at x = 5, then f ( 5 ) =
x − 7 x + 10
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 25
87. Let f ( x ) be a twice differentiable function and f " ( 0 ) = 5, then the value of
3 f ( x ) − 4 f (3x ) + f (9 x )
lim is
x →0 x2
(a) 0 (b) 120 (c) −120 (d) does not exist
d2y
88. If y = a x .b 2 x −1 , then is
dx 2
( ) ( )
2 2
(a) y 2 .log ab 2 (b) y.log ab 2 (c) y. log ab 2 (d) y. log a 2b
89. Let f : R → R be a function defined by
f ( x ) = min { x + 1, x + 1} , Then which of the following is true ?
(a) f ( x ) is differentiable everywhere (b) f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 0

(c) f ( x ) ≥ 1 for all x ∈ R (d) f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 1
90. The number of real roots of x 4 − 4 x3 + 12 x 2 + x − 1 = 0 is
th
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
91. If f ( x ) is a continuous function and g ( x ) is discontinuous then :
(a) f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be continuous (b) f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be discontinuous .
(c) f ( x ) = g ( x ) for all x (d) can’t say
1  n 
92. If f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0,1] and f   = 2, then lim f   is equal to :
2 n →∞
 2 n + 1 
(a) 0 (b) ∞ (c) 2 (d) None of these
93. If lim+ f ( x ) = l = lim− g ( x ) and lim− f ( x ) = m = lim+ g ( x ) , then the function f ( x ) .g ( x ) :
x →0 x →a x→a x→a
(a) is not continuous at x = a, (b) has a limit when x → a and it is equal to lm.
(c) is continuous at x = a. (d) has a limit when x → a but it is not equal to lm
94. Which of the following is (are) incorrect ?
(a) If f and g are continuous functions on R with f ( 3) = 4 and lim ( 3 f ( x ) − 4 g ( x ) ) = 8, then
x →3
g ( 3) = 1
( )
(b) Number of points of non-differentiability of the function f ( x ) = ln tan 2 x in ( 0, 2π ) is 3.
(c) Let f : R → R be defined as f ( x ) = x 3 − x 2 + x + 10, then f ( c ) = 100 for some c ∈ R

0, if x is an integer
(d) Consider the function g ( x ) =  then g ( x ) is discontinuous for all real values
1, otherwise
of x
95. Which of the following statement is (are) correct ?
(a) If f (1) > 0 and f ( 3) < 0, then there exists a number c between 1 and 3 such that f ( c ) = 0.
 f ( x) 
(b) If lim f ( x ) = 0 and lim g ( x ) = 0, then lim   does not exist
x →5 x →5 x →5  g ( x ) 
 
 x + 1; x ≤ a 3π π
(c) Let f ( x ) =  2 then values of a such that f is continuous on R, is 2 sin or −2sin
 x ; x>a 10 10
−2
(d) Let f ( x ) = x 3
then f ( x ) is continuous on R
 23 
96. The number of points of discontinuities of f ( x ) =  x + 1 in the closed interval [1,8] is
 
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
2 x − sin −1 x
97. The value of f ( 0 ) so that the function f ( x ) = is continuous at each point in its domain,
2 x + tan −1 x
is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) −1/3
2n
98. Let f ( x ) = lim ( sin x ) . Then which of the following is not true?
n →∞
π
(a) Discontinuous at infinite number of points (b) Discontinuous at x =
2
π
(c) Discontinuous at x = − (d) None of these
2
th
)
n2
Let f be a continuous function on R such that f (1 / 4n ) = ( sin e n ) e − n + 2 . Then the value of
2
99.
n +1
f ( 0 ) is
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 0 (d) none of these
Multiple choice
100. Which of the following function(s) not defined at x = 0 has/have removable discontinuity at x = 0 ?
1  sin x  π 1
(a) f ( x ) = (b) f ( x ) = cos   (c) f ( x ) = x sin (d) f ( x ) =
1 + 2cot x  x  x ℓn x
101. Which of the following is/are true ?
(a) f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) + 1 is discontinuous at x = 0
(b) f ( x ) = [ x ] − [ x − 1] is continuous every where where [.] denotes G.I.F
(c) f ( x ) = x [ x ] is discontinuous at x = ±1, ± 2, ± 3.....

1 1 1
(d) f ( x ) =   , x ∈ R − {0} is discontinuous at x = ±1, ± , ± ,...
x 2 3
ASSERTION REASON TYPE
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False (d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
102. Consider the function f ( x ) = [sin x ] , x ∈[ 0, π ] .
π
Statement-1: f ( x ) is not continuous at x = . Statement-2: Lt f ( x ) does not exist.
2 x→
π
2
Which of the following is true?

103. Let f ( x ) = x [ x ] , x ∈ R.
Statement-1: f ( x ) is discontinuous at all integral points.
Statement-2: If k is an integer, then Lt + f ( x ) = k 2 and Lt − f ( x ) = k ( k − 1) .
x→ k x→ k
Which of the following is true?

104. Statement-1 : If f ( x ) ≤ x for all x ∈ R , then f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0
Statement-2 : If f ( x ) is continuous, then f ( x ) is also continuous.
105. Statement-1 : The function f ( x ) = x − [ x ] , x ∈ I is discontinuous at x = 1 , where [ . ] denotes the
greatest integer function.
Statement-2 : lim− f ( x ) ≠ lim+ f ( x ) , then f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1.
x →1 x →1
106. Statement-1 : f ( x ) = sgn x is discontinuous at x = 0 .

Statement-2 : sgn ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
th
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SOLUTION OF CONTINUITY ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. Ans. (b), We know that every polynomial function is continuous everywhere in their respective domain.
∴ f ( x ) is continuous in ( −3, − 2 ) , [ −2, 0 ) and [ 0, 1) . ∴ Doubtful points are –2 and 0.
To check continuity at x = −2 : ∵ f ( −2 ) = −2 + 1 = −1
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( −2 + h ) = lim+ ( −2 + h + 1) = −1
x →−2 h→0 h →0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( −2 − h ) = lim+ {2 ( −2 − h ) + 3} = −1

x →−2 h →0 h →0
∵ lim f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( −2 ) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = −2 .

x →−2+ x →−2
To check continuity at x = 0 : ∵ f ( 0 ) = 0 + 2 = 2
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ {0 + h + 2} = 2
x →0 h →0 h →0 y
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ {0 − h + 1} = 1 x+2
x →0 h →0 h →0 2
∵ lim+ f ( x ) ≠ lim− f ( x ) . Hence function is not continuous at x = 0 .
x →0 x →0 1
Hence, there is only one point where f ( x ) is discontinuous. x

−3 −2 −1 1
Alternatively : x +1
It is also clear from graph
2x + 3
at x = −2, f ( x ) is continuous but at x = 0, f ( x ) is not continuous.
2. Ans. (a), For f ( x ) to be continuous, we must have, a = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) .

x →0
log (1 + 3 x ) − log (1 − 2 x )  0
lim f ( x ) = lim  Form
x →0 x →0 x 0 
 3 2 
= lim 
x →0 (1 + 3 x )
+  = (3 + 2) = 5 ⇒ a=5
 (1 − 2 x ) 
3. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have :
1/ 3
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim
( 27 − 2 x ) − 3 0 
1/ 5  0 form 
x →0 x →0
9 − 3 ( 243 + 5 x )
1 −2 / 3
( 27 − 2 x ) ( −2 ) 2 ( 243 + 5 x )4 / 5 2 ( 243)4 / 5 2 81
= lim 3 = lim = . = . = 2.
3 ( 27 − 2 x )
2/3
9 ( 27 )2 / 3 9 9
− ( 243 + 5 x ) .5 9
x →0 −4 / 5 x →0
5
4. Ans. (b), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 2, we must have, f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x )
x→2
3 
⇒ 1 = lim  ax − ( a + 1)  = 3a − ( a + 1) = ( 2a − 1) ⇒ 2a = 2 ⇒ a = 1.
x→2 2
 
5. Ans. (c), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 2, we must have, f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x )
x→2
th
2 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( )
x − ( a + 2) x + a 2
0
⇒ 2 = lim f ( x ) = lim [This must be in the form , as value of limit is 2]
x→2 x→2 x−2 0
2x − ( a + 2)
⇒ 2 = lim = (2 − a) [L’Hospital’s Rule]
x→2 1
⇒ 2 = 2 − a ⇒ a = 0.
6. Ans. (a), For f ( x ) to be continuous, at x = 3, we have, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 3)
x →3 x →3
Given, f ( 3) = k
x →3
( h →0
)
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 3 + h ) = lim+ [3 + h ] +  − ( 3 + h )  = lim+ ( 3 + ( −4 ) ) = −1
h →0 h →0
LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 3 − h ) = lim ([3 − h ] +  − ( 3 − h )  ) = lim ( 2 + ( −3) ) = −1 ⇒ k = −1.

x →3− h → 0+ h → 0+ h → 0+
π
7. Ans. (c), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = , we must have,
2
π  log sin x 1 − sin x
f   = lim f ( x ) = lim .
 2  x → π2 x→
π
2
log 1 + π − 4π x + 4 x (π − 2 x )
2 2 2
( )
log sin x 1 − sin x log sin x 1 − sin x
= limπ . = limπ . limπ …(i)
x→
2 {
log 1 + (π − 2 x )
2
} (π − 2 x )
2
x→
2 {
log 1 + (π − 2 x )
2
} x→
2
(π − 2 x )
2
log sin x π π
Now, let L1 = lim . Put t = − x. Then as x → , t → 0.
x→
π
2 {
log 1 + (π − 2 x )
2
} 2 2
π 
log sin  − t 
∴ L1 = lim  2  = lim log {cos t} 0 
 0 form 
t →0
log 1 + ( 2t )
2
{
t →0 log 1 + 4t 2
} { }
 
 − tan t 
= lim 
t →0 
 8t 

1
= − lim
8 t → 0
tan t
t
1
. 1 + 4t 2 = − lim
8 t → 0
tan t 
t 
 . lim
t → 0
(
1 + 4t 2 ) { ( )} = − 81 ×1× (1 + 0 ) = −81 .

  1 + 4t 2  
1 − sin x 0 
Let L2 = lim 2  0 form 
x→
π
2
(π − 2 x )
− cos x 1 cos x 0 
= lim = lim  0 form 
x→
π 2 (π − 2 x ) . ( −2 ) 4 x → π − 2 x
π
2 2
1 − sin x 1 π 1  π  −1 1 1
= lim = .sin = . ⇒ f  = × =− . [Using (i)]
4 x → π −2 8 2 8 2 8 8 64
2
8. Ans. (d), We have f (1) = 0.
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+

( (1 + h ) − 1) = lim h
= lim+
h e−1/ h
=
0
=0
1 1 −1/ h
x →1 h→ 0 h →0 h → 0+ h →0 e +1 0 +1
1 + e1+ h −1 1+ eh
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

( (1 − h ) − 1) = lim −h
=
0
= 0.
1 −1/
h → 0+ 1 + e 1+ 0
h
x →1 h →0 h→ 0
1+ e 1− h −1
∵ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.

x →1 x →1
th
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 3
9. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous from right at x = 2 we have, f ( 2 ) = lim+ f ( x )
x→2
−1
 1
 1 −1
2 2 −( 2 + h )   2 − 
⇒ k = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ ( 2 + h ) + e  = hlim ( 2 + h ) + e h 
h →0 h →0 → 0+
   
1 1 1 1
= lim+ = = . Hence, k = .
h →0 1 2
( 2 + 0)
2
+0 4 4
( 2 + h ) + 1/ h
e
x + 2, when x ≤1
10. Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) = 
 4 x − 1, when x >1
Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous everywhere, the only doubtful point being x = 1.
At x = 1 we have f (1) = 1 + 2 = 3,
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( 4 (1 + h ) − 1) = lim+ ( 3 + 4h ) = 3 + 0 = 3

x →1 h →0 h →0 h →0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ ( (1 − h ) + 2 ) = lim+ ( 3 − h ) = 3 − 0 = 3

x →1 h →0 h →0 h →0
∵ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 .

x →1 x →1
11. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have,

sin 2 x + A sin x + B cos x
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0 x →0 x3
3 5
 ( 2x) (2x)   x3 x 5   x2 x4 
( 2 x ) − + − ....  + A  x − + − .... + B 1 − + − ....
 3! 5!   3! 5!   2! 4! 
= lim  3
x →0 x
B 2  −8 A  3 B 4  4 A  5
( 2 + A) x −
x + − x + x + +  x + .....
2  6 6 24  15 120 
= lim
x →0 x3
−B
For this limit to be finite, we must have, ( 2 + A) = 0 and = 0 ⇒ A = −2 & B = 0
2
 8 2 3  4 1  5
 − 6 + 6  x + 0 +  15 − 60  x + ....
Also, when A = −2 & B = 0 , f ( 0 ) = lim    
x →0 x3
 8 2 4 1  −8 2
= lim   − +  + 0 +  −  x 2 + .....  =  +  + 0 + 0 + 0 + ....... = −1.
x→0
 6 6 15 60
  6 6    
12. Ans. (c), Given, f ( 0 ) = k
sin [ h ] sin 0 0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ = lim+ = =0
x→0 h →0 h→ 0 h→0 [ h] + 1 h →0 0 +1 1
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h )
x→0 h→ 0 h →0
π   π
cos [ −h] cos  ( −1) 
2  2 
= lim+ = lim  As h → 0+ , [ − h ] = −1
h →0 [ ]
− h h → 0 − 1 +
 π π 
cos  −  cos  
= lim+  2  = lim  2  = 0 = 0.
h →0 −1 h →0 +
−1 −1
th
( )
Since, f is continuous at x = 0 . Hence, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) . ∴ k = 0 .
x →0 x →0
1 1  1 
13. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = = . Now, f   is defined only when x ≠ 1.
x + x − 2 ( x + 2 )( x − 1)
2
 x −1 
 1 
Therefore, x = 1 is a point of discontinuity of f  .
 x −1 
2
 1 
Also, f 
1 ( x − 1)
= 1 =
− 1 (
 x −1    1  2 x − 1)( 2 − x )
 + 2 
 x − 1  x − 1 
 1  1
Clearly, f   is not defined when ( 2 x − 1) = 0 or ( 2 − x ) = 0 i.e., when x = or x = 2.
 x −1  2
 1  1
∴ The points of discontinuity of f   are x = , x = 1 and x = 2.
 x −1  2
1 x2 −1
14. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) = is not continuous at points where either log e 2 is not
x2 −1 x +1
log e 2
x +1
x2 −1 x2 − 1 x2 − 1
defined or log e = 0 i.e., = 0 or =1
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
 x2 − 1  x2 − 1  x2 − 1 
⇒ x = ±1 or  2  = ±1 ⇒ x = ±1 or 2 = −1 ∵ 2 ≠ 1 for any real value of x 
 x +1 x +1  x +1 
⇒ x = ±1 or 2 x 2 = 0 ⇒ x = −1, 0 or 1.
Thus, number of points where f ( x ) is not continuous is 3.
15. Ans. (d), At x = 1, we have, f (1) = cos1 + a
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( cos (1 + h ) + a ) = cos1 + a

x →1 h→ 0 h →0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ sin {1 − h} = lim+ sin (1 − h ) = sin (1 − 0 ) = sin 1

x →1 h →0 h →0 h →0
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 .
∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) ⇒ cos1 + a = sin1 ⇒ a = sin1 − cos1.
x →1 x →1
16. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

x →0
2 2
x  x 
( ) ( )
4 4
ex −1 ex −1  2  
 a  2
⇒ 8 = lim 2 2
= lim 4
. 2
.   2 .2a 2
x →0 x   x  x →0 x x   x 
sin  2  log 1 +  sin  2  log 1 + 
a   2  a   2 
4
 2 ex −1   1  1 
= 2a  lim  .  .
 x →0 x 
2
x   x 2
 sin  2    log 1 +  
 lim a    2 
 x →0  x 2    limx →0 x 2 
  2     
  a     2  
th
11
= 2a 2 .14. . = 2a 2 ⇒ 2a 2 = 8 ⇒ a 2 = 4 ⇒ a = ±2.
11
 πx 
17. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = tan   is discontinuous at points
 x +1 
πx π
where, = ( 2m + 1) , m ∈ Z ( set of integer )
x +1 2
x ( 2m + 1) , m ∈ Z ⇒ 2 x = 2m + 1 x + 2m + 1 , m∈ Z
⇒ = ( ) ( )
x +1 2
2m + 1
⇒ {2 − ( 2m + 1)} x = ( 2m + 1) , m∈ Z ⇒ (1 − 2m ) x = ( 2m + 1) , m∈ Z ⇒ x=
1 − 2m
, m∈ Z .
−1 + a, x < 4
 ∵ x < 4 ⇒ x − 4 < 0 ⇒ x − 4 = − ( x − 4 ) 
18. Ans. (b), We have, f ( x ) =  a + b, x = 4  
 1 + b, x > 4 and x > 4 ⇒ x − 4 > 0 ⇒ x − 4 = ( x − 4 ) 

At x = 4, we have: f ( 4 ) = a + b.
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 4 − h ) = lim+ ( −1 + a ) = −1 + a
x→ 4 h →0 h →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 4 + h ) = lim+ (1 + b ) = 1 + b

x→ 4 h →0 h →0
For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 4, we have, lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 4 )

x→4 x →4
⇒ −1 + a = 1 + b = a + b
From first two, we have, −1 + a = 1 + b ⇒ a −b = 2 …(1)
From last two, we have, 1 + b = a + b ⇒ a = 1 . ∴ b = 1 − 2 = −1 [From (1)]
Hence, a = 1, b = −1 .
π π
19. Ans. (d), Since f ( x ) is continuous on R, so it must be continuous at x = − and also at x = .
2 2
π  π  π π
To check continuity at x = − : f  −  = 2 cos  −  = 2 cos = 2 × 0 = 0
2  2  2 2
 π   π 
LHL = lim − f ( x ) = lim+ f  − − h  = lim+ 2 cos  − − h 
x →−
π h →0  2  h →0  2 
2
π 
= lim+ 2 cos  + h  = lim+ ( −2sin h ) = −2 × 0 = 0
h →0 2  h →0
 π    π  
RHL = lim + f ( x ) = lim+ f  − + h  = lim+  a sin  − + h  + b 
x →−
π h→0  2  h→ 0   2  
2
 π  
= lim+  −a sin  − h  + b  = lim+ ( −a cos h + b ) = − a cos 0 + b = b − a
h →0
 2   h →0
π  π
Now, f ( x ) being continuous at x = − , we have, lim − f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = f  − 
2 x →−
π
x →−
π  2
2 2
⇒ 0=b−a ⇒b=a …(1)

π π  π 
To check continuity at x = : f   = 1 + cos 2   = 1 + 0 = 1
2 2 2
th
)
π   π  
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  a sin  − h  + b  = lim+ ( a cos h + b ) = a + b
x→
π h→ 0 2  h →0  2   h →0
2
π π
x→
π h →0 2

 h →0 

2

  h →0
( 2
)
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ 1 + cos 2  + h   = lim+ 1 + ( − sin h ) = 1 + 0 = 1
2
π  π
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = , we have, lim − f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = f  − 
2 x →−
π
x →−
π  2
2 2
⇒ a +b =1 …(2)
1 1 1 1
Solving (1) and (2), we get, a = , b = . ∴ ( a, b ) =  ,  .
2 2 2 2
π π 
20. Ans. (b), At x = , we have, f   = a
2 2
 3π 
1 − sin  − h  
π  2  1 − cos3 h 0 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  = lim+  0 form 
x→
π h→ 0 2  h→0 3cos 2  π − h  h →0 3sin 2 h
2  
2 
3cos 2 h. sin h
= lim+ [Using L’Hospital’s Rule]
h →0 6sin h cos h
cos h 1
= lim+ =
h →0 2 2
 π 
b 1 − sin  + h  
π  2 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  2
x→
π h →0 2  h →0  π 
2
π − 2  + h  
 2 
2
h  2 h
2sin  sin 
1 − cos h b 2 = b lim 2 b 2 b
= b lim+ 2
= lim+ 2  h → 0+ h  = × 1 = .
h →0 4h 4 h → 0
h 8  8 8
4   2 
2
π π 
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = . ∴ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f  
2 x→
π
x→
π 2
2 2
1 b 1
⇒ a= = ⇒ a = , b = 4.
2 8 2
21. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 1 , we have, f (1) = p.[ 2 ] + q.[ 0 ] = 2 p
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( p [1 + h + 1] + q [1 + h − 1])

x →1 h→ 0 h →0
= lim+ ( p [ 2 + h ] + q [ h ]) = lim+ ( 2 p + q.0 ) = 2 p

h →0 h →0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ ( p [1 − h + 1] + q [1 − h − 1])

x →1 h →0 h →0
= lim+ ( p [ 2 − h ] + q [ − h ]) = lim+ ( p.1 + q. ( −1) ) = p − q

h →0 h→ 0
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 . ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1)

x →1 x →1
th
( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
) 7
⇒ 2p = p −q ⇒ p + q = 0.
ex −1
22. Ans. (b), Let g ( x ) = and h ( x ) = tan x. Then, f ( x ) = goh ( x ) and so f ( x ) is discontinuous
ex +1
for those values of x where h ( x ) is discontinuous (∵ g ( x ) is continuous everywhere).
Now, h ( x ) is discontinuous for whose values of x where tan x is not defined
π π π
i.e., for x = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I . Hence, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = ( 2n + 1) = nπ + .
2 2 2
2n
( )
n
23. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) = lim ( sin x ) = lim sin 2 x
n →∞ n →∞
 π 
 ∵ When x = ( 2m + 1) , then sin 2 x = 1 ( exact ) and f ( x ) = lim1n = 1
 π 2 n →∞
1, x = ( 2m + 1) 2 , m ∈ I  
 and when x ≠ ( 2m + 1) π , then sin 2 x < 1 and sin 2 x n → 0 as 
=
  ( )
0, x ≠ ( 2m + 1) π , m ∈ I  2

 2  n → ∞ and so f ( x ) = 0 
 
π
Clearly, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = ( 2m + 1) , m ∈I.
2
Thus, the number of points where f ( x ) is discontinuous is infinite.
 x − [ x]
 , x>2
 x − 2 ∵ x 2 − x − 2 = ( x − 2 )( x + 1) 
24. Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) =  m, x=2  
 n,  = − ( x − 2 )( x + 1) , for x < 2 
x<2


Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 2 )
x→2 x→2
( 2 + h ) − [2 + h]
Now, f ( 2 ) = lim+ f ( x ) ⇒ m = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+
x→2 x→2 h →0 h →0 (2 + h) − 2
= lim+
( 2 + h ) − 2 = lim h = 1 ∴ m =1 …(1)
h →0 h h → 0+ h
And, f ( 2 ) = lim− f ( x ) ⇒ m = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ n = n
x→2 x→2 h →0 h →0
⇒ m = n. …(2) ∴ m = n =1 [From equation (1) & (2)]

π  π  π
25. Ans. (b), To check continuity at x = − : Now, f  −  = −2 sin  −  = ( −2 ) × ( −1) = 2
2  2  2
 π    π 
RHL = lim + f ( x ) = lim+ f  − + h  = lim+  a + b sin  − + h  
x →−
π h→0  2  h → 0
  2 
2
 π 
= lim+  a − b sin  − h   = lim+ ( a − b cos h ) = a − b
h →0
 2   h →0
 π    π 
LHL = lim − f ( x ) = lim+ f  − − h  = lim+  −2sin  − − h  
x →−
π h →0  2  h→ 0   2 
2
π 
= lim+ 2sin  + h  = lim+ 2 cos h = 2 × 1 = 2
h →0 2  h →0
th
)
π  π
Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = − , so we have, lim + f ( x ) = lim − f ( x ) = f  − 
2 x →−
π
x →−
π  2
2 2
⇒ a −b = 2 …(1)
π π  π
To check continuity at x = : Now, f   = cos = 0
2 2 2
π  π  π 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = f  + 0  = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ cos  + h  = lim+ ( − sin h ) = 0
x→
π 2  h → 0 2  h → 0 2  h →0
2
π   π 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  a + b sin  − h   = lim+ ( a + b cos h ) = a + b.
x→
π h→ 0 2  h →0  2   h →0
2
π π 
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = , so we have, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f  
2 x→
π
x→
π 2
2 2
⇒ a+b = 0 …(2)
Solving (1) & (2), we get, a = 1, b = −1.
26. Ans. (a), Let f ( x ) = f1 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) where f1 ( x ) = sec 3x and f 2 ( x ) = cosec 3x.
π π
Then, f1 ( x ) is discontinuous when 3 x = ( 2k + 1) i.e., when x = ( 2k + 1) .
2 6
kπ π
Also, f 2 ( x ) is discontinuous when 3 x = kπ i.e., when x = i.e., when x = 2k . .
3 6
π π
Clearly, f ( x ) is discontinuous when x = ( 2k + 1) or x = ( 2k )
6 6
π
i.e. f ( x ) is discontinuous when x in an odd or an even multiple of
6
π
i.e. f ( x ) is discontinuous when x is an integral multiple of
6
nπ
i.e. f ( x ) is discontinuous when x = , n ∈ N.
6
27. Ans. (b), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →0
sin x
me − n cos x − x m esin x − n cos x − x   x, x ≥ 0 
⇒ p = lim 2
= lim+ ∵ x = 
x →0 + x x →0 x2   − x, x ≤ 0 
 sin 2 x   x2 x4 
m 1 + sin x + + .... − n 1 − + − .... − x
2!  2! 4!
= lim+  
2

x →0 x
2
  x3  1 x3    x2 x4 
m 1 +  x − + .....  +  x − + ....  + ..... − n 1 − + − ..... − x
  3!  2 3!   2 24 
= lim+  
x →0 x2
( m − n ) + ( m − 1) x + 
m n 2
+  x + ....
= lim+  2 2
x →0 x2
Now, for this limit to be finite we must have, m − n = 0, m − 1 = 0 …(1)
th
) 9
m n
Also, for this limit to be equal to p, we must have, + =p …(2)
2 2
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get, m = 1, n = 1 and p = 1.
28. Ans. (d), Since f ( x ) is a continuous function and attains only rational values, then f ( x ) must be a
constant function.
Assume f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, 1, 5 , f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) = 5, ∀ x ∈ Domain of f ( x ) .
In particular, f ( 0 ) = f (1) = f ( 5 ) = 5. ∵ f ( x ) is constant function.
∴ f ( 0 ) x 2 + f (1) x + f ( 5 ) = 0 ⇒ 5x2 + 5x + 5 = 0 ⇒ 5 ( x 2 + x + 1) = 0
which has imaginary roots because D < 0 i.e., 12 − 4 < 0.

1 1
29. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) = =
x − 17 x + 66 ( x − 6 )( x − 11)
2
 2   2 
Now, f   is defined only when x ≠ 2. Therefore, x = 2 is a point of discontinuity of f  .
 x−2  x−2
2
 2  1 ( x − 2)
Also, f  = = .
 x − 2   2 − 6   2 − 11 (14 − 6 x )( 24 − 11x )
  
 x−2  x − 2 
 2  7 24
Clearly, f   is not defined when 14 − 6 x = 0 or 24 − 11x = 0 ⇒ x = or x = .
 x−2 3 11
 2  7 24
Hence, the points of discontinuity of f   are x = 2, x = or x = .
 x−2 3 11
30. Ans. (d), The sine function is continuous everywhere.
Therefore, sin ( 2 x − 1) π is continuous everywhere.
But, the function [ x ] is discontinuous for ∀ x ∈ I .
∴ The function f ( x ) is continuous everywhere, the only doubtful points are x ∈ I .
Now, let x = n ∈ I . Then, [ x ] = n . ∴ f ( n ) = n sin ( 2n − 1) π = n × 0 = 0
x→n h →0
(
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( n − h ) = lim+ [ n − h ] sin ( 2 ( n − h ) − 1) π
h →0
)
= lim ( ( n − 1) sin ( ( 2n − 1) − 2h ) π ) = ( n − 1) sin ( 2n − 1) π = ( n − 1) × 0 = 0
h → 0+
RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( n + h ) = lim ([ n + h ] sin ( 2 ( n + h ) − 1) π )

x → n+ h → 0+ h → 0+
= lim ( n sin ( ( 2n − 1) + 2h ) π ) = n × sin ( 2n − 1) π = n × 0 = 0.

h → 0+
∵ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( n ) . So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = n ∈ I .

x→n x →n
Hence, f ( x ) is continuous every where i.e., for all real values of x.

31. Ans. (b), The sum of two discontinuous functions may be continuous.
x x
e.g ., The functions f1 ( x ) = x + and f 2 ( x ) = x − are both discontinuous at x = 0.
x x
But g ( x ) = f1 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) = 2 x is continuous at x = 0.
th
{ }
1
−1/ ah a
Ans. (b), LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ (1 − ah ) = lim+ (1 − ah )
−
32. h = ea .
x→0 h→ 0 h →0 h →0
1/ 3
and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim

( h + c ) − 1 = c1/ 3 − 1 .
1/ 2
x→0 +
h →0 +
( ) −1
h →0 1 + h 0 +
Since f ( x ) is continuous, lim f ( x ) must exists, when c1/ 3 = 1 ⇒

+
c = 1.
x →0
1/ 3
Then, lim+ f ( x ) = lim

(1 + h ) − 1  0
1/ 2  Form 0 
x→0
( ) −1
h →0 1 + h
+
1 −2/ 3
(1 + h ) 2 (1+ h)
1/ 2
2
= lim+ 3 = lim+ = .
h →0 1
2/3
(1 + h )
−1/ 2 3 h → 0
(1 + h ) 3
2
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 . ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) .
x →0 x→0
2 2
⇒ b = ea = ⇒ a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = and c = 1.
3 3
33. Ans. (a), Let n be an integer. Then, f ( n ) = [ n ] = n.
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( n + h ) = lim+ [ n + h ] = n LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( n − h ) = lim+ [ n − h ] = ( n − 1)
x →n h →0 h →0 x →n h →0 h →0
∵ RHL ≠ LHL. So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = n, where n is an integer.

Let p ∈ R such that n < p < n + 1. Then, f ( p ) = [ p ] = n.
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( p + h ) = lim+ [ p + h ] = n LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( p − h ) = lim+ [ p − h ] = n
x→ p h→0 h →0 x→ p h →0 h →0
∵ RHL = LHL = f ( p ) . So, f ( x ) is continuous at every non-integer p .

Thus, f ( x ) is discontinuous at integer points only. ∴ The correct answer is (a).
 π 
34. Ans. (b), tan x is continuous on R − ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I  , log ( x − 2 ) is continuous for x > 2 and
 2 
2
x − 4 x + 3 is continuous on all x ∈ R.
  π 
∴ Domain of continuity of f ( x ) is,  R − ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I   ∩ ( 2, ∞ ) − x : x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0
 2 
{ }

  π 
=  R − ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I   ∩ ( 2, ∞ ) − {1, 3}
  2 
  π 
∴ Also, domain of f is ( 2, ∞ ) ∩  R − ( 2n + 1) : n ∈ I   −  x : x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 
  2 
  π 
= ( 2, ∞ ) ∩  R − ( 2n + 1) : n ∈ I   − {1, 3} Hence f is continuous in its domain.
  2 
35. Ans. (a), For continuous lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 ) = k
x→2
x 3 + x 2 − 16 x + 20 (x 2
− 4 x + 4 ) ( x + 5) 2
( x − 2 ) ( x + 5) = lim x + 5 = 7.
⇒ k = lim 2
= lim 2
= lim 2 ( )
x →2
( x − 2) x →2
( x − 2) x →2
( x − 2) x →2
Hence, k = 7.
th
36. Ans. (d), LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ a (1 − h ) − b = a − b.

x →1 h →0 h →0
( 2
)
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ (1 + h + 1) = 2 and, f (1) = 2
x →1 h →0 h →0
For f ( x ) to be continuous, LHL = RHL = f ( 2 ) .

⇒ a − b = 2 = 2 . ∴ All the given sets of a, b make f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.
x+ x
x− x  x , x<0
 , x≠0 
37. Ans. (b), f ( x ) =  x ⇒ f ( x) =  2 , x = 0
 2 , x=0 x− x
  , x>0
 x
2, x<0
   x, x ≥ 0 
⇒ f ( x ) = 2, x=0 ∵ x =  
0, x>0   − x, x < 0 

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = 2, RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 0 & f ( 0 ) = 2
x→0 x→0
⇒ LHL ≠ RHL. ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0.

38. Ans. (d), As we are given f ( x ) = sin x , if x ≠ nπ i.e., x ≠ 0, π , 2π , ...
If x = nπ , f ( x ) = 2.
RHL = lim+ g { f ( x )} = lim+ g {sin x} = lim+ ( sin 2 x + 1) = 1

x →0 x →0 x →0
Similarly, LHL = lim− g { f ( x )} = lim− g {sin x} = lim− ( sin 2 x + 1) = 1 .

x →0 x →0 x →0
⇒ RHL = LHL ∴ Limit exist and is equal to 1.

π
39. Ans. (b), ∵ ∈ [ 0, π ] and f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0, π ] .
4
π π
∴ f ( x ) will be continuous at and .
4 2
π π  π π π
Continuity at x = : f   = cot + b = + b …(1)
4 4 4 4 4
π  π  π  π π
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  + h  cot  + h  + b = × 1 + b = + b …(2)
x→
π h → 0 4  h → 0 4  4  4 4
4
π  π  π 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  − h  + a 2 2 sin  − h 
x→
π h→0 4  h → 0 4  4 
4
π 1 π
= + a2 2 × = + a2 …(3)
4 2 4
π π 
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at . ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f  
4 x→
π
x→
π 4
4 4
π π
⇒ +b = + a2 [From (2) and (3)] ⇒ b = a2 …(4)
4 4
π
Continuity at x = :
2
th
( )
π   π  π
f   = b sin  2 ×  − a cos  2 ×  = b sin π − a cos π = 0 + a = a …(5)
2  2  2
π  π  π  π
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  − h  cot  − h  + b = lim+ .tan h + b = b …(6)
π h →0 2  h →0  2  2  h →0 2
x→
2
π   π   π 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ b sin  2 ×  + h   − a cos  2  + h  
x→
π h →0 2  h →0  2   2 
2
= lim+ b sin (π + 2h ) − a cos (π + 2h ) = lim+ − b sin 2h + a cos 2h = 0 + a = a …(7)

h →0 h →0
π
Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = . ∴a =b [From (5) and (6)] …(8)
2
From equations (4) and (8), b = a 2 ⇒ a = a 2 ⇒ a 2 − a = 0 ⇒ a ( a − 1) = 0 ⇒ a = 0, 1
When a = 0, b = 0 and when a = 1, b = 1 [From (8)]
∴ Value of ( a, b ) and ( 0, 0 ) or (1, 1) .
 2sgn 2 x + 2, x > 0

40. Ans. (b), f ( x ) =  2, x=0
−2sgn 2 x + 2, x < 0 y
 f ( x ) = 2sgn 2 x + 2
4
4, x > 0   1, x > 0 
   
⇒ f ( x ) = 2, x = 0  ∵ sgn 2 x =  0, x = 0  2
4, x < 0  −1, x < 0  0
x
  
Check the continuity at x = 0 .
Since it is clear from the graph, LHL = RHL = 4 ≠ f ( 0 ) = 2 ⇒ Removal discontinuity.
41. Ans. (c), ∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 . ∴ f ( 0 ) = RHL
⇒ λ ln 4 = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim

(2 h
− 1)( 4h − 1)
∵ 8 x − 4 x − 2 x + 1 = ( 4 x − 1)( 2 x − 1) 
x →0 h →0 h → 0+ h.h  
2h − 1 4h − 1
= lim+ . lim+ = ( ln 2 )( ln 4 )
h →0 h h →0 h
⇒ λ ln 4 = ( ln 2 ) ( ln 4 ) . ∴ λ = ln 2 .
42. Ans. (b), LHL = lim −
f ( x ) = lim+ f ( nπ + π / 2 − h )
x →( nπ +π / 2 ) h →0
ab / cos( nπ +π / 2 − h )
(
= lim+ 1 + cos ( nπ + π / 2 − h )
h →0
)
( )
ab / 1( −1) sin h
n
ab / sin ( nπ − h )
h →0
(
= lim+ 1 + sin ( nπ − h ) ) = lim+ 1 + ( −1) sin h
h →0
n
= lim+ (1 + sin h )
h →0
ab / sin h
(1 ∞
form )
= e ab ∵ lim (1 + h )λ / h = eλ 
 h →0 
∵ f ( nπ + π / 2 ) = e a . eb
 π  lim ( cot 2 h / cot 8 h )
f ( x ) = lim+ f  nπ + + h  = lim+ e (
cot 2 nπ +π + 2 h ) / cot ( 8 nπ + 4π +8 h )
RHL = lim = e h→0
+
x →( nπ +π / 2 )
+
h →0  2  h →0
th
lim tan 8 h / tan 2 h 4 lim tan 8 h / 8 h . lim 2 h / tan 2 h
= e h→0 =e = e 4.1/1 = e4
+ h→0+ h→0+
∵ f ( x ) to be continuous, LHL = RHL = function value. ⇒ ea + b = e4 , which satisfy a = 2, b = 2.
43. Ans. (b), The points of discontinuity where f ( g ( x ) ) is undefined & g ( x ) is also undefined.
1 1
Given, f ( x ) = & g ( x) =
( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) x2
1 x4 x4
⇒ f ( g ( x )) = = =
 1   1
 2 − 1  2 − 2 
 1 − x 2
1 − 2 x 2
 ( 1
2  x2 −  x2 − 1 )( ) ( )
x  x   2
1
Since, f ( g ( x ) ) is undefined, for x 2 − = 0, x 2 − 1 = 0 and g ( x ) is also undefined, for x = 0 .
2
 −1 1 
∴ Points of discontinuity of f ( g ( x ) ) are x = −1, , 0, 1, .
 2 2
44. Ans. (b), Let the value of f ( x ) at x = 0, is k .
 log e (1 + ax ) − log e (1 − bx )
 , x≠0
According to problem, f ( x ) =  x
 k, x=0

For f ( x ) to be continuous, at x = 0 lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 )
x→0 x →0
 log (1 + ax ) log e (1 − bx ) 
⇒ lim+  e − =k
x→0 x x
 
1 1 1
 
⇒ lim+ log e (1 + ax ) x − lim+ log e (1 − bx ) x = k ⇒ a − ( −b ) = k ∵ lim
 x → 0+ (1 + ax ) x = ea

x→0 x →0  
⇒ a+b = k ⇒ f (0) = a + b
1 − sin x π
 π − 2 x , x ≠ 2
45. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = 
 λ, π
x=
 2
π 
Since, f ( x ) to be continuous, then lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f   = λ
x→
π
x→
π 2
2 2
π 
1 − sin  − h 
1 − sin x 2  =λ 1 − cos h 0 
LHL = lim− =λ ⇒ lim+ ⇒ lim+ =λ  form 
π π − 2x h →0 π  h →0 2h 0 
x→
2 π − 2 − h 
2 
sin h
⇒ lim+ =λ ⇒ λ =0
h →0 2
2− x+4
46. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 for f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0 .
sin 2 x
2− x+4 0 
We have, lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim+ = f (0)  form 
x→0 x →0 x→0 sin 2 x 0 
th
 1 
− 
2 x+4 
⇒ lim+  = f ( 0) [By using L’Hospital’s Rule]
x→0 2 cos 2 x
 1  −1 1
⇒ lim+  −  = f (0) ⇒ = f (0) ⇒ f ( 0) = −
8
x→0
 4 x + 4.cos 2 x  4 0 + 4.1
47. Ans. (c), The points of discontinuity of function where, f ( x ) is undefined.
2x2 + 7
⇒ f ( x) = is undefined when, x3 + 3 x 2 − x − 3 = 0
x3 + 3 x 2 − x − 3
⇒ x 2 ( x + 3) − ( x + 3) = 0 ⇒ ( x + 3)( x + 1)( x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, − 1, − 3
Hence, option (c) is correct.
 h ( x) 
 f ( x) = when h ( x ) and g ( x ) are continuous then 
 g ( x) 
 f ( x ) also continuous and also any polynomial in domin is continous 
 
3x 2 + 12 x − 1, −1 ≤ x ≤ 2
48. Ans. (b) f ( x ) = 
 37 − x, 2< x≤3
(a) f ′ ( x ) = 6 x + 12 > 0 ∀x ∈ [ −1, 2] ⇒ f ( x ) is increasing on [ −1, 2]
(b) To check the continuity at x = 2
f ( 2 ) = 3 ( 22 ) + 12 ( 2 ) − 1 = 35,
x →2 h →0
(
LHL = lim− ( 3x 2 + 12 x − 1) = lim+ 3 ( 2 − h ) + 12 ( 2 − h ) − 1 = 35
2
)
RHL = lim+ ( 37 − x ) = lim+ ( 37 − ( 2 + h ) ) = 35
x →2 h →0
⇒ f ( 2 ) = LHL = RHL . ∴ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 ⇒ f ( x ) is continuous on [ −1, 3] .

6 x + 12, −1 ≤ x ≤ 2
(c) f ′ ( x ) = 
 − 1, 2< x≤3
LHD = f ′ ( 2 − ) = 6.2 + 12 = 24 and RHD = f ′ ( 2 + ) = −1
⇒ LHD ≠ RHD . ∴ f ′ ( 2 ) does not exist.

1 − sin x
49. Ans. (c), By L’Hospital’s rule, lim f ( x ) = lim 2
x→
π
2
x→
π
2
(π − 2 x )
 − cos x  1 cos x 0 
= lim  
 = limπ .  form 
x →π / 2 2 ( π − 2 x )( −2 )
  x → 2 4 (π − 2 x ) 0 
1  1
= limπ  sin x  = [By using L’Hospital’s Rule]
x→  8  8
2
π π  1
f ( x ) is continuous at x = ⇒ limπ f ( x ) = f   ⇒ =λ
2 x→
2
2 8
π π
50. Ans. (d), We check continuity at x = , ∈ ( 0, π )
4 2
π π  π  π  π
Continuity at x = : f   = 2   cot   + b = + b
4 4 4 4 2
th
π   π  π  π a 2 π
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+   − h  + a 2 sin  − h   = + = a+
x→
π h →0 4  h → 0
 4  4  4 2 4
4
π   π  π   π
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  2  + h  cot  + h  + b  = + b
x→
π h →0 4  h → 0
 4  4   2
4
π π 
Since, f is continuous at x = ⇒ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f  
4 x→
π
x→
π 4
4 4
π π π π π π
⇒ +b = a+ = +b ⇒ +b = a+ ⇒ a −b = …(1)
2 4 2 2 4 4
π π  π π 
Continuity at x = : f   = 2 cot   + b = 0 + b = b
2 2 2 2
π   π  π 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  a cos 2  + h  − b sin  + h   = − ( a + b )
x→
π h →0 2  h →0  2  2 
2
π   π  π  
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  2  − h  cot  − h  + b 
x→
π h→0 2  h →0   2  2  
2
 π  
= lim+  2  − h  tan h + b  = 0 + b = b
h →0
 2  
π π 
f is continuous at x = ⇒ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f  
2 x→
π
x→
π 2
2 2
⇒ b = − ( a + b) = b ⇒ a = −2b …(2)
π π
Solving (1) and (2) we get, a = ,b=−
6 12
51. Ans. (b), LHL at x = 1 is 2, RHL at x = 1 is 3 − a ∴Limit exists if 3 − a = 2 ⇒ a = 1
 1 1  1 1
2− +  2
Ans. (a), f ( x ) = (1 + x ) = (1 + x ) . (1 + x )
− + 
52.  x x
 
 
 x x
1 1
2
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ (1 + h ) . (1 + h )
− + 
h h
x →0 h →0 h →0 h →0
1
= 12. lim+ (1 + h )
h →0
{ }
1/ h −2
= 1.e −2 =
e2
∵ lim (1 + x )1/ x = e 
 x →0 
1 1
2
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h ) . (1 − h )
− − 
h h
x →0 h →0 h →0
2 0 2
= lim+ (1 − h ) . (1 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h ) = 1
h →0 h →0
∵ lim+ f ( 0 − h ) ≠ lim− f ( 0 + h ) ⇒ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0

h →0 h →0
Hence the only doubtful point is x = 0 .
53. Ans. (b), lim

( 1 + px − 1 − px ).( 1 + px + 1 − px ) [On rationalization]
x →0 x ( 1 + px + 1 − px )
1 + px − 1 + px 2p
= lim = lim = p,
x →0
x ( 1 + px + 1 − px ) x →0
( 1 + px + 1 − px )
th
0 +1 1 1
f ( 0) = =− Since, f ( x ) to be continuous, lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ p = −
0−2 2 x →0 2
 x4 − 5x2 + 4
 x −1 x − 2 , x < 1, x > 2
( )( )
 x 4 − 5 x 2 + 4
54. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = − , 1< x < 2
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )
 6, x =1

 12, x=2
Continuity at x = 1 :
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim−

x4 − 5x2 + 4
= lim−
( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 1)
= lim ( x + 2 )( x + 1) = 6
x →1 x →1 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x →1 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x→1−
 x4 − 5x2 + 4   ( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 1) 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+  −  = lim+  −  = lim+ ( − ( x + 2 )( x + 1) ) = −6
x →1 x →1
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )  x →1 
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )  x →1

⇒ LHL ≠ RHL ∴ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 1
Continuity at x = 2 :
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+

x4 − 5x2 + 4
= lim+
( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 1)
= lim ( x + 2 )( x + 1) = 12
x→2 x → 2 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x→2 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x→2+
x4 − 5x2 + 4  ( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 1) 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− − = lim  −  = lim  − ( x + 2 )( x + 1)  = −12
x→2 x →2 ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x→2−  ( x − 1)( x − 2 )  x→2− 
∵ LHL ≠ RHL at x = 2 . Hence, f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 2 .
π π 
55. Ans. (b), f ( x ) is continuous at x = ⇒ f   = limπ f ( x )
4  4  x→ 4
π 
tan  − x 
π  4   0
⇒ f   = lim  form 
 4  x → cot ( 2 x )
π
4
 0
π 
− sec 2  − x 
4 = − sec 2 ( 0 ) 1
= lim = = [Applying L’Hospital’s Rule]
x→
π −2 cosec ( 2 x )
2
π 
2 2
4 −2 cosec  
2
π
56. Ans. (b), f ( x ) is continuous at x = (given)
4
π  π 
tan  + h  − cot  + h 
π  π  4  4  0 
⇒ f   = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  ⇒ a = lim+  0 form 
 4  x→ π h →0 4  h →0 π  π
4  + h−
4  4
π  π 
sec2  + h  + cosec 2  + h 
⇒ a = lim+ 4  4  = 2+2 = 4 [By L’Hospital’s Rule]
h →0 1
th
ax 2 + b, x < −1
Ans. (a), f ( x ) =  2 As f ( x ) must be continuous at x = −1
bx + ax + 4, x ≥ −1
2 2
Hence ∴LHL = RHL which ⇒ a ( −1) + b = b ( −1) + a ( −1) + 4
⇒ a+b = b−a+4 ⇒ 2a = 4 ⇒ a = 2
2
ax + b, x ≤ −1
⇒ f ( x) =  2 , [Note : We can allow equality sign]
bx + ax + 4, x ≥ −1
2ax, x ≤ −1
⇒ f ′( x) = 
2bx + a, x ≥ −1
f ′ ( x ) is continuous at x = −1 . ∴ LHD = RHD = f ′ ( −1)
⇒ −2a = −2b + a ⇒ 3a = 2b ⇒ b = 6
5 x − 4, 0 < x ≤1
58. Ans. (a), f ( x ) =  2
4 x + 3bx, 1 < x < 2
f is continuous at x = 1 ⇒ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f (1)
x →1 x →1
⇒ 5 − 4 = 4 (1) + 3b = 1 ⇒ b = −1
59. Ans. (c), Given function is continuous at all point in ( −∞, 6 ) .
Hence, f ( x ) will also be continuous at x = 1 and x = 3 .
Continuity at x = 1 : lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →1 x →1
π π π 
⇒ lim+ 1 + sin (1 − h ) = hlim a (1 + h ) + b ⇒ lim+ 1 + sin  − h  = lim+ a (1 + h ) + b
h →0 2 →0 +
h →0  2 2  h →0
π
⇒ 1 + sin = a+b ⇒ a+b = 2 …(1)
2
Continuity at x = 3 : lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →3 x →3
π π
⇒ lim+ a ( 3 − h ) + b = lim+ 6 tan (3 + h ) ⇒ 3a + b = 6 tan ⇒ 3a + b = 6 …(2)
h →0 12 h →0 4
Subtract (1) from (2), we get, 2a = 4 ⇒ a = 2 and b = 0 [From (1)]
Hence, a = 2, b = 0 .
60. Ans. (c), In the definition of the function, b ≠ 0, for then f ( x ) will be defined in x > 0 .
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, ∴ LHL = RHL = f ( 0 )
sin ( a + 1)( − h ) + sin ( − h )
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( −h ) = lim+
x →0 h →0 h →0 h →0 −h
sin ( a + 1) h + sin h  sin ( a + 1) h   sin h 
= lim+ =  lim+  × ( a + 1)  lim+  = a +1+1 = a + 2 …(1)
h →0 h  h →0 ( a + 1) h   h →0 h 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h )
x →0 h →0 h →0
h + bh 2 − h h + bh 2 − h 1 + bh − 1 1 + bh − 1
= lim+ = lim = lim+ = lim+
h →0 bh 3/ 2
h →0 +
bh h h →0 bh h →0
bh 1 + bh + 1 ( )
th
bh 1
= lim+ = …(2) ∵ f ( 0) = c …(3)
h →0
bh ( 1 + bh + 1 ) 2
1 1 3 3 1
From (2) and (3), c = . From (1) and (2), a + 2 = ⇒ a=− ∴ a = − , c = and b ≠ 0 .
2 2 2 2 2
61. Ans. (b), If possible, suppose that f ( x ) + g ( x ) is continuous.
Now, g ( x ) = f ( x ) + g ( x ) − f ( x )
Since, difference of two continuous functions is continuous, therefore g ( x ) is continuous, which is a
contradiction. Hence, f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be discontinuous.
a
62. Ans. (c), We have, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 1 + sin ( − h )  sin ( − h )
x →0 h →0 h→0
a / sin h 1/ sin h a
= lim+ (1 + sin h ) = lim+ (1 + sin h )  = ea ∵ 1∞ form 
h →0 h →0  
 tan 2 h 2 3 h  2 2
lim  × × 1× ×1
3 tan 3 h 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ e tan 2 h / tan 3h = e h→0 and f ( 0 ) = b
+  2h
=e 3
= e3
x →0 h →0 h→0
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 . ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) .

x →0 x→0
2
2
⇒ ea = e = b 3
⇒ a = , b = e2/3
3
63. Ans. (d), Since x − 1 , x − 2 and cos x are continuous functions and the sum of continuous
functions is also continuous, so the given function is continuous everywhere, i.e., there is no point of
discontinuity.
64. Ans. (c), Since log a x is continuous where x > 0 and a > 0, a ≠ 1 .
Therefore log (1 + x ) is continuous when 1 + x > 0 , i.e., x > −1 . ∴ Interval = ( −1, + ∞ ) .
1
65. Ans. (a), Let f ( x ) = .
log x
The point of discontinuity of f ( x ) are those points where f ( x ) is undefined or infinite.
It is undefined when x = 0 and is infinite when log x = 0, x = 1 , i.e., x = ±1 .
∴ Set of points of discontinuity = {−1, 0, 1} .
66. Ans. (a),
As the function log x is not defined at x = 0, therefore the set of points of discontinuity is {0} .
y
x
log
y
67. Ans. (c), As the function sin x is defined for all y = sin x
real x, therefore the function f ( x ) is continuous x

−2π −π π 2π
at all real x . Hence, the required set is φ (empty
set).
th
(BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
) 19
sin x
68. Ans. (b), The function is not defined for x = nπ , n ∈ I .
sin x
Hence, the set of points of discontinuity is {nπ : n ∈ I } .
1 − tan x 0 
69. Ans. (a), We have, lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →π / 4 x →π / 4 4x − π
− sec 2 x 2 1
Applying L-Hospital’s rule, lim =− =−
x →π / 4 4 4 2
π π  1
∴ For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = . ∴ f  =−
4 4 2
π π 
70. Ans. (b), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = . ∴ LHL = RHL = f  
2 2
π 
1 − sin 2  − h  2 2
π  2  = lim 1 − cos h = lim sin h = 1
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+
 h →0 3cos 2  π − h  h →0 3sin h
2 2
π h →0 2
+
h → 0+ 3sin h 3
x→
2  
2 
 π 
b 1 − sin  + h  
π  2 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  2
x→
π h →0 2  h →0
 π 
2
π − 2  2 + h  
  
2
2h  h
b [1 − cos h ] b.2sin  sin 
2 = lim b 2 1 b
= lim+ 2
= lim+  h  × =
(π − π − 2h )
2
h →0 h →0 4h h → 0 +
2  4 8
 2 
π  1 b 1 8
∵ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f   ⇒ = =a ⇒ a= ,b=
x→
π
x→
π 2 3 8 3 3
2 2
71. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0, 1] , therefore

lim f 
n 


= f  lim
n 
  x →a (x →a
)
∵ lim f ( g ( x ) ) = f lim g ( x ) is true 

 n →∞ 2 n + 1   if f is continuous at the value of lim g x .
 2 n +1 ( ) 
n →∞
   x→a
   
 1   1  1
= f  lim = f   = f  =2
 n →∞ 1  1 2
 2+   2+ 
 n   ∞
72. Ans. (d), Continuity at x = 1 : LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ a (1 − h ) + b = a + b,

x →1 h →0 h→0
( 2
)
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ (1 + h ) + 3 = 4 and f (1) = 4
x →1 h →0 h →0
∴ f ( x ) will not be continuous at x = 1 if a + b ≠ 4 .

Hence, the option (d) will satisfy the given condition.
73. Ans. (c), Since the function f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 .
Therefore, LHL = RHL = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 0 )
x →0 x →0
th
a sin 3 h
⇒ lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ ( 0 + h ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim+ (1 − tan h ) tan h = lim+ e sin 2 h = b
h →0 h→0 h →0 h →0
 sin 3 h / 3 h 3 
−a lim  .  −3
⇒ lim+ (1 − tan h ) 
−1/ tan h
⇒ e− a = e3/2 = b and b = e3/ 2
+  sin 2 h / 2 h 2 
= e h→0 =b ⇒a=

h →0   2
74. Ans. (a), For continuity at x = 5 .
lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 5 )
x → 5− x →5
1  −1 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 5 − h ) = lim+ tan −1 = lim+ tan −1  
x →5 h →0 h→0 ( 5 − h ) − 5 h →0  h 
  −π   −π
= tan −1 ( −∞ ) = tan −1  tan   =
  2  2
1 1 π
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 5 + h ) = lim+ tan −1 = lim+ tan −1   = tan −1 ( ∞ ) =
x →5 h →0 h→0 ( 5 + h ) − 5 h →0 h 2
Since, lim+ f ( 5 − h ) ≠ lim+ f ( 5 + h ) , therefore, f ( x ) has discontinuity of the first kind at x = 5 .
h →0 h →0
1 2  e2 x − 1 − 2 x 0 
75. Ans. (d), We have, lim  − 2 x  = lim  form 

x →0 x e − 1  x →0 x ( e 2 x − 1) 0 
2e 2 x − 2  0 
= lim [By apply L’Hospital’s Rule]  Again form 
( )
x → 0 e 2 x − 1 + 2 xe 2 x
 0 
4e 2 x
= lim =1 [By apply L’Hospital’s Rule]
x → 0 4e 2 x + 4 xe 2 x
f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, if lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) , i.e., 1 = f ( 0 ) .

x →0
76. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) =
sin x 3
This function is continuous at x = 0, then lim = f (0)
x →0 sin x3
log (1 + x 2 tan x ) x 2 tan x log (1 + x 2 tan x ) x 2 tan x
⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim . = lim .lim
x →0 x 2 tan x sin x 3 x →0 x 2 tan x x → 0 sin x 3
tan x tan x
x3
= 1× lim x = lim x = 1 ⇒ f ( 0 ) = 1
3 x → 0 sin x 3
3 sin x
x →0
x
x3 x3
77. Ans. (b), f is continuous at x = 0 ⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
3 3
 4x − 1 
3 x3 1 x3 ( log 4 ) 3
⇒ 12 ( log 4 ) = lim   . sin x / p × = lim = 3 p ( log 4 )
x →0
 x  ( ) .  x  log 1 + x 
2 x → 0 x x
×
2
x/ p    
3 x 2
p 3
 p  ×
x2 / 3 3
3 3
⇒ 12 ( log 4 ) = ( log 4 ) × 3 p ⇒ 3 p = 12 ⇒ p =4.
th
) 21
78. Ans. (a), For continuity at x = 2 : ∴ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 2 )
x→2 x →2
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ [ 2 − h] + [ −2 + h ] = 1 − 2 = −1

x→2 h→0 h →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ [ 2 + h ] + [ −2 − h ] = 2 − 3 = −1

x→2 h →0 x→2
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 . ∴ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 2 ) . ∴ λ = −1

x→2 x →2
79. Ans. (c), ∵ f ( x ) is continuous in 0 ≤ x < ∞ .

Hence, f ( x ) will also be continuous at x = 1 and x = 2 .
2
For continuity at x = 1 : LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim

(1 − h ) =
1
+
x →1 h →0 h →0 a a
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = a and f (1) = a
x →1
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 . ∴ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f (1)

x →1 x →1
1
⇒ =a ⇒ a 2 = 1 ⇒ a = ±1 …(1)
a
For continuity at x = 2 : LHL = lim − f ( x ) = a
x →( 2 )
2b 2 − 4b 2b 2 − 4b 2b 2 − 4b
RHL = lim + f ( x ) = lim+ f ( )
2 + h = lim+ = and f ( ) 2 =
( )
2
x →( 2 ) h →0 h →0
2+h 2 2
2b 2 − 4b
∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 . ∴ lim − f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = f
x →( 2 ) x →( 2 )
( ) 2 ⇒
2
=a
2b 2 − 4b
From (1), if a = 1, then = 1 ⇒ 2b 2 − 4b − 2 = 0 ⇒ b 2 − 2b − 1 = 0
2
2± 4+4 2± 8
⇒ b= = = 1± 2
2 2
2b 2 − 4b
and from (1), if a = −1, then = −1 ⇒ 2b 2 − 4b + 2 = 0 ⇒ b 2 − 2b + 1 = 0
2
2
⇒ b2 − b − b + 1 = 0 ⇒ b ( b − 1) − 1( b − 1) = 0 ⇒ ( b − 1) = 0 ⇒ b =1
∴ When a = 1, b = 1 ± 2 and when a = −1, b = 1 .
log (1 + x 2 ) log (1 + x 2 )
80. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = =
(x 2
− 25 )( x 2 − 1) ( x − 1)( x + 1)( x − 5 )( x + 5 )
Since, log (1 + x 2 ) is continuous for every real x . ∴ f is continuous on R − {−5, − 1, 1, 5} ⊇ [ 6, 10] .
1 −1
 
81. Ans. (d), LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ 3 + 1 + 7 1−1+ h
 = 3+ 0 = 3
x →1 h →0 h→0
 
1 1 −1 −1
   − 
and RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ 3 + 1 + 71−1− h  = 3 + 1 + 7 h 
x →1 h →0 h →0
   
−1
 1 
= 3 + 1 + 7  = 3 + 1 + ∞  = 3 + [1 + 0] = 3 + 1 = 4
−∞ −1
 7 
∴ LHL ≠ RHL at x = 1 . ∴ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 1 .
th
Office.: 606 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968 21
)
82. Ans. (b), ∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 . ∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 )
x →0
 1/ 3 log (1 + 3 x )
 sin x 1/ 3
 .x .
 1/ 3 .3x
x 3x x1/ 3 .3 x 3
lim  
2
= lim =
x →0 1/ 3 x → 0 x.5 x1/ 3 5
 tan −1
x e5 x − 1 1/ 3
  . x. .5 x
 x
 5 x1/ 3
3 3
∵ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) . ∴ a = . So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 if a = .
x →0 5 5
π
83. Ans. (b), (a) tan x is discontinuous at x =
2
x 1
(b) Let f ( x ) = ∫ t sin dt . −π / 2 π /2
0 t
1
Since, t sin is continuous on ( 0, π ) for any x ∈ ( 0, π )
t
Note : definite integral is always continuous function in domain. ⇒ f ( x ) is continuous.
1  3π  π
(c) LHL = 1 and RHL = lim + f ( x ) = lim+ 2sin  + h  = 2sin = 2
x→
3π h →0 3 4  4
4
3π
∵ LHL ≠ RHL , ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x =
4
π  π  π  π  π
(d) LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  − h  sin  − h  = lim+  − h  cos h =
x→
π h →0 2  h →0  2  2  h →0  2  2
2
π  π  π 
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+  + h  = lim+ sin  π + + h 
π h →0  2  h → 0 2  2 
x→
2
π π  π π
= lim+ − sin  + h  = lim+ − cos h = −
h →0 2 2  h →0 2 2
π
∴ LHL ≠ RHL. ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = , i.e., in ( 0, π ) .
2
84. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = x − x 1 − x ∵ x (1 − x ) = x 1 − x 
Since x, x , 1 − x all are continuous. ∴ f ( x ) is continuous for each real x .

Theorem : Product or difference of two continuous functions are continuous.
85. Ans. (d), If a is any real number, then every neighbourhood of a contains infinitely many rationals as
well as irrationals.
So f ( x ) assume the values 0 and 1 infinite number of times in every neighbourhood of a and hence
lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x →a
So, f is not continuous at any real number.

86. Ans. (a), ∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 5 . ∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 5 ) .
x →5
f ( 5 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim 2
x 2 − 10 x + 25
= lim
( x − 5) = lim
x−5 5−5
= =0
x →5 x →5 x − 7 x + 10 x →5 ( x − 2 )( x − 5 ) x →5 x − 2 5−2
22 Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
) 23
3 f ( x ) − 4 f ( 3x ) + f ( 9 x )  0 
87. Ans. (b) lim 2  form 
x →0 x 0 
3 f ' ( x ) − 12 f ' ( 3x ) + 9 f ' ( 9 x )  0 
= lim  form 
x →0 2x 0 
3 f '' ( x ) − 36 f '' ( 3 x ) + 81 f '' ( 9 x ) 3 f '' ( 0 ) − 36 f '' ( 0 ) + 81 f '' ( 0 )
= lim = = 24 f '' ( 0 ) = 24.5 = 120
x →0 2 2
88. Ans. (c) ∵ y = a x b 2 x −1
Taking log on both sides , we get log y = x log a + ( 2 x − 1) log b on differentiating w. r. t.x, we get
1 dy dy
= log a + log b 2 , = y log ab 2
y dx dx
d 2 y dy
( )
2
Again differentiating we get = log ab 2 = y log ab 2
dx dx
89. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = min { x + 1, x + 1} ⇒ f ( x ) = x + 1 x ∈ R
Y
y = −x +1 y = x +1
( 0,1 )
X' X
( − 1, 0 )
Y '
Hence graph of f ( x ) is a straight line ⇒ f ( x ) is differentiable everywhere for all x ∈ R.
90. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x3 + 12 x 2 + x − 1 . Let f ( x ) has four distinct real roots
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 4 x3 − 12 x 2 + 24 x + 1
f ′ ( x ) has three distinct real roots. f ′′ ( x ) = 12 x 2 − 24 x + 24 = 12 ( x 2 − 2 x + 2 ) . D = −4 < 0 . f ′′ ( x )
cannot have 2 real solutions. So, f ( x ) cannot have four real distinct roots. It can have 2 or 0 real
roots. f ( 0 ) = −1 , f (1) = 9 ⇒ At least one real solution . So, 2 real distinct solutions.
91. Ans (b) If possible , suppose that f ( x ) + g ( x ) is continuous .
Now , g ( x ) =  f ( x ) + g ( x )  − f ( x )
Since difference of two continuous functions is continuous therefore g ( x ) is continuous which is a

contradiction
Hence f ( x ) + g ( x ) must be discontinuous
n 1 1
92. Ans (c) Since f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0,1] , and lim = lim =
n →∞ 2 n + 1 n →∞ 1 2
2 1+
n
 n   n  1
∴ lim f  
 = f  lim 
 = f  =2
n →∞
 2 n +1  
n →∞ 2 n + 1
 2
th
93. Ans. (b) lim− f ( x ) .g ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) lim− g ( x ) = ml and lim+ f ( x ) .g ( x )
x→a x→a x→a x→a
= lim+ f ( x ) . lim+ g ( x ) = lm. ∴ lim f ( x ) .g ( x ) = lm

x→a x→a x→a
94. Ans. (d),

(A) lim ( 3 f ( x ) − 4 g ( x ) ) = 8 ( Given )
x →3
( ) ( )
⇒ 3 lim f ( x ) − 4 lim g ( x ) = 8 ⇒ 3 ( 4 ) − 4 g ( 3) = 8 (as f and g are continuous function on R)
x →3 x →3
⇒ 12 − 8 = 4 g ( 3) Hence g ( 3) = 1
(B) f ( x ) = ln tan 2 x( )
3π π
Clearly f ( x ) is discountinuous at x = in ( 0, 2π ) , π,
2 2
So, number of points of non-differentiability are 3
(C) we have f ( x ) = x 3 − x 2 + x + 10
As f is polynomial of odd degree, f is continuous on R and also range of f is R
∴ f ( c ) = 100 for some c ∈ R
0, x ∈ I
(D) We have g ( x ) =  Clearly f is discontinuous at all integers
1, x ∉ I
95. Ans. (c),
(a) For this statement to be true, f must be continuous in [1,3]
(b) Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 7 x + 10 and g ( x ) = x 2 − 6 x + 5
( x − 5)( x − 2 ) 5 − 2 3
Now, lim = =
x →5 ( x − 5 )( x − 1) 5 −1 4
 x + 1; x ≤ a
(c) f ( x ) =  2
 x ; x>a
As f is continuous of R, so f is also continuous at x = a
So, be definition of continuity, we get a + 1 = a 2 ⇒ a 2 − a − 1 = 0
∴ a=
1± 1+ 4 1± 5
= ∴ a=
5 +1 −
,
( )
5 −1 
 Hence a = 2 sin 3π , − 2sin π
2 2 2 2  10 10

−2
(d) Clearly f ( x ) = x 3 is not defined at x = 0, so, discontinuous at x = 0
Hence f is continuous in ( −∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 0, ∞ ) 
96. Ans. (b), 1 ≤ x ≤ 8 ⇒ 1 ≤ x 2 / 3 ≤ 4 ⇒ 2 ≤ x 2 / 3 + 1 ≤ 5

Hence f ( x ) will be discontinuous at those points where x 2 / 3 + 1 = 3, 4 or 5
Hence there are 3 points of discontinuity
97. Ans.(b), The function f is clearly continuous at each point in its domain except possibly at x = 0.
Given that f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.
2 x − sin −1 x 2 − ( sin −1 x ) / x 1
∴ f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = lim =
x →0 x → 0 2 x + tan −1 x
( ) 3
x → 0 2 + tan −1 x / x
0 if x < 1
98. Ans.(d), Since we know that lim x 2 n = 
n →∞
1 if x = 1
2n 0 if sin x < 1

∴ f ( x ) = lim ( sin x ) = 
x →∞
1 if sin x = 1
Thus, f ( x ) is continuous at all x except for those values of x for which sin x = 1, i.e.,
π
x = ( 2k + 1) , k ∈Z
2
99. Ans.(a), As f is continuous
 1 
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim f (1 / 4n ) = lim  ( sin en ) e − n +
2
2 
= 0 +1 = 1
x →0 n →∞ n →∞
 1 + 1/ n 
100. Ans. (b,c,d), For checking choice (a)
1 1 1 1 1
L.H.L. = Lt − cot x
= −∞
= =1 R.H.L. = Lt + cot x
= =0
x →0 1 + 2 1+ 2 1 x →0 1 + 2 1 + 2∞
As L.H .L. ≠ R.H .L Hence the function does not have removable discontinuity
For checking choice (b)
 sin x   sin x 
R.H.L. = Lt + cos   = Lt + cos   = cos1
x →0
 x  x →0  x 
 sin x   − sin x 
And L.H.L. = Lt − cos   = Lt − cos   = cos ( −1) = cos1
x →0
 x  x →0  x 
Now L.H.L. = R.H.L. = cos1
⇒ the function has removable discontinuity at x = 0
For checking choice (c)
π
L.H.L = Lt − x sin = 0 × ( a value between − 1 and 1) = 0
x →0 x
π
And R.H.L. = Lt + x sin = 0 × ( a value between − 1 and 1) = 0
x
x →0
Now L.H.L. = R.H.L. = 0

For checking choice (d)
1 1 1 1
Lt + = =0 Lt − = =0
x →0 log x −∞ x →0 log x −∞
Now L.H.L. = R.H.L = 0
101. Ans. (a,b,c,d), for checking choice (a)
L.H.L. = Lt + sgn x + 1 = 2 R.H.L. = Lt − sgn x + 1 = 0 and f ( 0 ) = 1
x →0 x →0
∴ function is discontinuous at x = 0
For checking choice (b)
f ( x ) = [ x ] − [ x ] = [ x ] − [ x − 1] = [ x ] − [ x ] + 1 = 1 ⇒ f ( x ) = 1
th
( )
Hence the function is always continuous
For checking choice (c)
Let us check continuity at x = n where x ∈ I
( )
f n − = Lt − x [ x ] = ( n − 1) Lt − x = n ( n − 1)
x→n x→n
( )
f n + − = Lt + x [ x ] = n Lt + x = n 2
x→n x→ n
n ≠ n ( n − 1) if n = ±1, ± 2, ± 3.....
2
∴the function is discontinuous at x = ±1, ± 2, ± 3 ….

1
(d) Let us check continuity at x = where n ∈ I
h
1 1
L.H.L. = Lt−   = n, and R.H .L. = Lt+   = n − 1
1 x 1 x
x→ x→
n n
1
Hence the function is discontinuous at x = ,n∈I
n
ASSERTION REASON TYPE
102. Ans. (c), We know that 0 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 ∀ x ∈ [ 0, π ]
 π  π  π   π 
⇒ 0 < sin x < 1, ∀ x ∈ 0,  ∪  , π  ∵ f   = sin  = [1] = 1
 2 2  2  2
π   π 
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ sin  − h   = 1−  = 0
x→
π h→ 0 2  h →0   2 
2
π   π 
and RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ sin  + h   = 1−  = 0
x→
π h →0 2  h →0   2 
2
π  π
∵ LHL = RHL ≠ f   ∴ Limit exist but f ( x ) is not continuous at x = .
2 2
∴ The statement-1 is true while statement-2 is false. Hence, the correct options is (c).
103. Ans. (d), Given f ( x ) = x [ x ] , x ∈ R .
We discuss continuity at x = 0. Here, f ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0] = 0,
LHL = Lt − f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ ( 0 − h ) [ 0 − h ] = lim+ ( 0 − h )( −1) = 0

x →0 h →0 h →0 h →0
and RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ h × 0 = 0

x →0 h →0 h →0
Thus, we see that

⇒ f is continuous at x = 0 ∈ I . This means that the statement-1 is not true.
If k is an integer,
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( k + h ) = lim+ ( k + h ) [ k + h ] = lim+ ( k + 1) k = lim+ k 2 + kh = k 2
x→k h →0 h →0 h →0 h →0
and LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( k − h ) = lim+ ( k − h ) [ k − h ] = lim+ ( k − h )( k − 1) = k ( k − 1)

x→k h →0 h →0 h →0
When k > 0, k ( k − 1) ≥ 0 and if k < 0, then k − 1 < 0 ⇒ k ( k − 1) > 0.

When k = 0, then k ( k − 1) = 0. Thus, for all k ∈ I, k ( k − 1) ≥ 0.
Hence, Lt + f ( x ) = k 2 and Lt − f ( x ) = k 2 − k ⇒ Statement-2 is true.
x→ k x→ k
Note. Lt x [ x ] can be calculated by substituting k = 0 in the above results.

x→0
104. Ans. (b), Statement-1 : We have, f ( x ) ≤ x , discuss the continuity at x = 0
Function value = f ( 0 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ f ( 0) = 0
Now, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− − x = 0 and RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ x = 0

x→0 x →0 x→0 x →0
∵ LHL = RHL = f ( 0 ) . ∴ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 .

Statement-2 : It is theorem.
Hence, Statement-1 & statement-2 are true but statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1
105. Ans. (a),We have, f ( x ) = x − [ x ]
y
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h ) − [1 − h ] = 1
x →1 h →0 h →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( (1 + h ) − [1 + h ]) = 1 − 1 = 0

x →1 h →0 h →0
∵ LHL ≠ RHL. x
−2 −1 0 1 2
∴ f ( x ) = x − [ − x ] is discontinuous at x = 1 . ∴ Statement-1 is true.
Statement-2 : It is also true.
and statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
Alternatively
Statement-1 : f ( x ) = x − [ x ] = { x} It is clear from the graph, LHL ≠ RHL
∴ limit does not exist, so f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1
Statement-2 : It is also true.
Statement-1 & statement-2 are correct and statement-2 correct explanation for statement-1.
 1, x > 0

106. Ans. (b), We know that sgn ( x ) =  0, x = 0
−1, x < 0

Statement-1 : f ( x ) = sgn ( x )
Continuity at x = 0 : LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ sgn ( 0 − h ) = − 1 = 1

x →0 h →0 h →0
and RHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ sgn ( 0 + h ) = 1 = 1 and f ( 0 ) = 0 = 0

x →0 h →0 h →0
∵ LHL = RHL ≠ f ( 0 ) . ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 .

Statement-2 : Let g ( x ) = sgn ( x )
LHL = lim− g ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ sgn ( 0 − h ) = −1
x →0 h →0 h →0
and RHL = lim+ g ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ sgn ( 0 + h ) = 1

x →0 h →0 h →0
and g ( 0 ) = 0 . ∵ LHL ≠ RHL ≠ g ( 0 ) . ∴ g ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 .

Alternatively : y
Statement-1 : f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) sgn ( x )
1
It is clear from the graph, LHL = RHL ≠ f ( 0 )
x
∴ f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 0
th
Statement-2 : Let g ( x ) = sgn ( x ) y
It is clear from the graph sgn ( x )

1
LHL ≠ RHL ≠ f ( 0 )
x
∴ f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 0
Hence, statement-1 & statement-2 are correct but statement-2 is −1

not correct explanation from statement-1.

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JEE (MAIN & ADV.

), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

(c) discontinuous since lim f ( x ) ≠ f (1) (d) continuous

(c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 (d) None of these

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these

(d) f is not continuous in whatever way f may be defined at x = 1 .

(a) f ( x ) is differentiable everywhere (b) f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 0

(c) Let f : R → R be defined as f ( x ) = x 3 − x 2 + x + 10, then f ( c ) = 100 for some c ∈ R

(c) f ( x ) = x [ x ] is discontinuous at x = ±1, ± 2, ± 3.....

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true?

106. Statement-1 : f ( x ) = sgn x is discontinuous at x = 0 .

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( −2 − h ) = lim+ {2 ( −2 − h ) + 3} = −1

∵ lim f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( −2 ) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = −2 .

Hence, there is only one point where f ( x ) is discontinuous. x

2. Ans. (a), For f ( x ) to be continuous, we must have, a = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) .

LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 3 − h ) = lim ([3 − h ] +  − ( 3 − h )  ) = lim ( 2 + ( −3) ) = −1 ⇒ k = −1.

8. Ans. (d), We have f (1) = 0.

RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

∵ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.

RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( 4 (1 + h ) − 1) = lim+ ( 3 + 4h ) = 3 + 0 = 3

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ ( (1 − h ) + 2 ) = lim+ ( 3 − h ) = 3 − 0 = 3

∵ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) . Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 .

11. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have,

RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( cos (1 + h ) + a ) = cos1 + a

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ sin {1 − h} = lim+ sin (1 − h ) = sin (1 − 0 ) = sin 1

16. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 4 + h ) = lim+ (1 + b ) = 1 + b

For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 4, we have, lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 4 )

⇒ 0=b−a ⇒b=a …(1)

RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ ( p [1 + h + 1] + q [1 + h − 1])

= lim+ ( p [ 2 + h ] + q [ h ]) = lim+ ( 2 p + q.0 ) = 2 p

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ ( p [1 − h + 1] + q [1 − h − 1])

= lim+ ( p [ 2 − h ] + q [ − h ]) = lim+ ( p.1 + q. ( −1) ) = p − q

∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 . ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1)

⇒ m = n. …(2) ∴ m = n =1 [From equation (1) & (2)]

which has imaginary roots because D < 0 i.e., 12 − 4 < 0.

RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( n + h ) = lim ([ n + h ] sin ( 2 ( n + h ) − 1) π )

= lim ( n sin ( ( 2n − 1) + 2h ) π ) = n × sin ( 2n − 1) π = n × 0 = 0.

∵ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( n ) . So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = n ∈ I .

Hence, f ( x ) is continuous every where i.e., for all real values of x.

and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim

Since f ( x ) is continuous, lim f ( x ) must exists, when c1/ 3 = 1 ⇒

Then, lim+ f ( x ) = lim

∵ RHL ≠ LHL. So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = n, where n is an integer.

∵ RHL = LHL = f ( p ) . So, f ( x ) is continuous at every non-integer p .

36. Ans. (d), LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ a (1 − h ) − b = a − b.

For f ( x ) to be continuous, LHL = RHL = f ( 2 ) .

⇒ LHL ≠ RHL. ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0.

RHL = lim+ g { f ( x )} = lim+ g {sin x} = lim+ ( sin 2 x + 1) = 1

Similarly, LHL = lim− g { f ( x )} = lim− g {sin x} = lim− ( sin 2 x + 1) = 1 .

⇒ RHL = LHL ∴ Limit exist and is equal to 1.

= lim+ b sin (π + 2h ) − a cos (π + 2h ) = lim+ − b sin 2h + a cos 2h = 0 + a = a …(7)

Since it is clear from the graph, LHL = RHL = 4 ≠ f ( 0 ) = 2 ⇒ Removal discontinuity.

41. Ans. (c), ∵ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 . ∴ f ( 0 ) = RHL

⇒ λ ln 4 = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim

∵ f ( x ) to be continuous, LHL = RHL = function value. ⇒ ea + b = e4 , which satisfy a = 2, b = 2.

⇒ f ( 2 ) = LHL = RHL . ∴ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 ⇒ f ( x ) is continuous on [ −1, 3] .

⇒ LHD ≠ RHD . ∴ f ′ ( 2 ) does not exist.

∵ lim+ f ( 0 − h ) ≠ lim− f ( 0 + h ) ⇒ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0

Hence the only doubtful point is x = 0 .

53. Ans. (b), lim

LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim−