Section 14.

The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.

NATION-BUILDING
Definition: (Oxford dictionaries) The creation or development of a nation, especially one that has
recently become independent.
Nation-building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state.
Nation-building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically
stable and viable in the long run.

Jeremi Suri, professor in the Department of History and the Lyndon B. Johnson School of
Public Affairs. The findings are detailed in his new book, "Liberty's Surest Guardian:
American Nation-Building from the Founders to Obama" (Simon and Schuster, Sept. 27
2011).

According to his research, successful nation-building efforts must incorporate five principles:

 Partners: Nation-building always requires partners; there must be communication

between people on the ground and people in distant government offices.
 Process: Human societies do not follow formulas. Nation-building is a process which
does not produce clear, quick results.
 Problem-solving: Leadership must start small, addressing basic problems. Public trust
during a period of occupation emerges from the fulfillment of basic needs.
 Purpose: Small beginnings must serve larger purposes. Citizens must see the value in
what they're doing.
 People: Nation-building is about people. Large forces do not move history. People move
history.

EQUALITY

SOCIAL EQUALITY VS. GENDER EQUALITY

Social Equality - Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society
or isolated group have the same status in certain respects, including civil rights, freedom of
speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and services.

Social equality requires the absence of legally enforced social class or caste boundaries and the
absence of discrimination motivated by an inalienable part of a person's identity.[1]For example,
sex, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, origin, caste or class, income or property, language,
religion, convictions, opinions, health or disability must absolutely not result in unequal
treatment under the law and should not reduce opportunities unjustifiably.

Under social equality is gender equality.

Gender Equality- Gender equality, also known as sexual equality, is the state of equal ease of
access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and
decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally,
regardless of gender.

Gender equality, equality between men and women, entails the concept that all human beings, both
men and women, are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations
set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles and prejudices. Gender equality means that the different
behaviour, aspirations and needs of women and men are considered, valued and favoured equally. It
does not mean that women and men have to become the same, but that their rights, responsibilities
and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equity means
fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their respective needs. This may include equal
treatment or treatment that is different but which is considered equivalent in terms of rights, benefits,
obligations and opportunities.

— ABC Of Women Worker's Rights And Gender Equality, ILO, 2000. p. 48.