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Gross Anatomy
SCALP
Soft tissues covering cranial vault
EXTENT
Lateral: temporal lines
Anterior: eyebrows-superior orbital margins
Posterior: superior nuchal line
C: Thin layer of fat and fibrous tissue in form of Injury blood vessels walls non-
(dense) Connective locules with blood vessels and nerves (with its collapsible severe bleeding,
tissue walls attached to its fibrous walls) inflammation very painful
A: Aponeurosis is membranous, tendon of fleshly Injury (horizontal) leads to gapping of
Aponeurosis/ bellies of epicranial muscle (formed by wound by contraction of fronto-occipitalis
Gálea aponeurótica occipitalis and frontalis muscles, each with
two bellies)
L: Layer provides an easy plane of separation "Danger Zone" because of the ease by
Loose areolar between the upper three layers and the which infectious agents can spread
connective tissue Pericranium through it to emissary veins which then
drain into the cranium.
It contains the major blood vessels of the
scalp.
Safety-valve hematoma-fracture of the
skull with tear of dura, signs of cerebral
compression do not develop until this
space is filled with blood.
P: Pericranium Periosteum of the skull bones Cephalohaematoma / traumatic
(continuous with endocranium at sutural cephalohydrocele - takes shape of related
lines) bone
BLOOD SUPPLY
Supratrochlear Artery
INTERNAL CAROTID
Anterior to auricle Supraorbital Artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE
Supratrochlear vein Join to form Angular vein, continue as Facial vein; join
with anterior division of Retromandibular vein
Supraorbital common facial vein Internal jugular vein
Anterior to auricle
Supratrochlear
Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve
Supraorbital
Anterior to Sensory
auricle Zygomatico temporal Maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Anterior to Auricle: Pre-auricular/Superficial parotid node
Posterior to Auricle: Post auricular/Mastoid and Occipital nodes
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