9 - Simplified Method - Subsea Lifting Operations

Subsea Lifting Operations
Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Engineering optimization by
using the Simplified Method for
Lifting through the Splash Zone
(presented in DNV-RP H103)
Arnstein Hosaas
Project Engineer
02.12.2010 presentedwww.subsea7.com
in DNV-RP H103 subsea partner of choice
Lifting through the splash zone Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Structure Structure
Force touches is fully
(In lifting wire, directly water submerged
above structure)
Weight in air
Submerged weight
For most lifts Static force
through the splash
zone Dynamic force
Time
02.12.2010 www.subsea7.com subsea partner of choice

•General overview of Method
Index •Required Input
•Generated Output
•Evaluation of Results
•Areas of Use
General overview of Method Subsea Lifting Operations
•The method presents a simplified method for the calculation of the caracteristic
hydrodynamic forces on an object lowered through the water surface.
•These forces are:

• Slamming Impact Force
• Varying Buoyancy Force
• Mass Force
• Drag Force
•These forces are generated because there is a relative motion between the
object and the Water Particles.
•The relative motion is present because:

• The water particles are moving
• The crane tip is moving
General overview of Method-
Slamming Impact Force Subsea Lifting Operations
Slamming:
Relative velocity between Note that the slamming forces

object and water particles work up-wards only
General overview of Method-
Varying Buoyancy Force Subsea Lifting Operations
Varying Buoyancy:
Triangular object suspended in

wave- No uplift due to buoyancy
Triangular object
suspended in wave-
Substantial uplift
due to bouyancy
Stage in which varying

buoyancy appears
General overview of Method- Mass Force Subsea Lifting Operations
Mass:
Mass of
the object Heave motion
on crane tip
Mass of
entrapped
water
Added mass Roll motion

on vessel
Heave motion
All of this mass must be from crane tip
accelerated when the is transferred
crane tip acceleration is to load
transferred to the load
General overview of Method- Drag Force Subsea Lifting Operations
Drag:
The object
has a Due to viscosity of the
velocity water and roughness of
the objects surface a
velocity dependant friction
force is generated. The
friction force will always
work in opposite direction
of the movement
The water flow creates wakes around corners,

the wakes creates an area with lower pressure.
This creates a force opposite of the direction of
the movement
General overview of Method- Resulting force Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Position dependant force
Velocity dependant force

Roll motion
on vessel
Acceleration dependant force

Required Input- Overview Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
The characteristics Crane Tip Motions

of the lifted object Crane characteristics
•Geometry
•Weight
Vessel RAO
Water particle
characteristics
•For appropriate
Hs and Tp

Required Input- Geometry Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
The AutoCad model of the

The TBGI Satellite satellite is used to get the
measurements
•The creation of the model is normally the

most time consuming part- use required
detail level
Based on the AutoCad
•The quality of the result is highly model a discretization of
dependent on the quality of the model the geometry is created
Generated Output- Overview Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
-----------------------------Four different cases are investigated-----------------------------
Case 1: Still water Case 2: Still water Case 3: Still water Case 4: Still water
level beneath top level above the level beneath roof level above roof
of bucket90% of the suction buckets cover cover.
relevant weight
of the satellite
Tonne
Significant
Wave Height
(Tp=8s)
Only slamming Drag, Mass and Drag, Mass, Var.Buoy Mass and Drag
forces are Varying Buoyancy and Slamming forces forces are calculated
calculated forces are calculated are calculated
Total enclosed volume in
top section: ~40Te
Generated Output- Useful Information Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Slamming 63.0
Drag 73.0
Mass 81.1
Var. Buoy 124.5
Case 3: Still water 341.5 Te

level beneath roof
cover
Combined Mass and

Var. Buoy: 5%
142.7 Te
Slamming:
Understanding the effect 44%
of the phase angle
Which forces Understanding where the Drag:
contribute most to numbers come from 51%
the final result?
Generated Output- Useful Information Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Slamming 0.0
Drag 86.5
Mass 99.3
Mass: Drag:
Var. Buoy 0.0
53% 47%
Case 4: Still water 185.8 Te
level above roof
cover.
196 Te
152 Te
131.5 Te
Drag:
Mass:
43%
57%
What has happened with the forces when
the satellite was submerged?
(90% of submerged weight is now only 139 Te)
Evaluation of Results-
Is the Method Applicable? Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Main assumptions: Are these fulfilled for the case of the TBGI Satellite?
• The vertical motion of the object follows the crane tip motion
This assumption is met for structure installations with rigid rigging suspended
directly from the crane hook.
• The load case is dominated by the vertical relative motions between object and water
This assumption is met for deployment of symmetrical structures.
• The horizontal extent of the lifted object is relatively small compared to the wave length
For D < ¼ λ the method is applicable. D= Longest dimension= 22m
For D > ½ λ the method is not applicable.
Tp =4s gives λ= 25m Simplified Method is not applicable
Tp =5s gives λ= 39m Simplified Method is not applicable
Tp =6s gives λ= 56m Simplified Method can be used as indicator
Tp =7s gives λ= 76m Simplified Method can be used as indicator
Tp =8s gives λ= 100m Simplified method is applicable
For these cases the results can be used to indicate which parts of the structure that is
most effected by hydrodynamic forces and also what stage of the lift is dimensioning
Evaluation of Results- Subsea Lifting Operations
Comparison with other methods? Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Load case 4 is analyzed in Macsi II to get ”2nd opinion” results

Tp= 8s Rigging Capacity
Weight of Satellite
2.40m 3.20m
10% of Submerged weight Tp=7s Tp=10
Criterion=2.25m Hs
Results from Simplified Method Results from 2.25m 2.50m 2.75m

Tp=6s Tp=8s Tp=9s
Macsi II
The Simplified Method has indicated that loadcase 4 is the most severe
Macsi II can be used to analyze loadcase 4 (note that Macsi II has the same
limitation for low period waves, i.e: results for Tp<8s should be ”handled with care”)
Comparison with SIMO shows that the results are concervative

(for a given PLEM foundation in 8s TP wave: SIMO: 2.1m Hs, Simplified: 1.5m Hs)
Evaluation of Results-
Can we trust the Simplified Method? Subsea Lifting Operations
•Conservative results: The Method will when used correctly return conservative results
•Detailed Model: The more detailed the model the more nominal the results will be
•Limitation for Larger Objects: Larger objects will be limited by the assumption- relatively
small compared to wavelength- comparisons with for example SIMO analysis may be used to define
limitations for lower wave periods
•Acceptable results: The method should be used in cases where the conservative results will
not lead to increased vessel time- In effect; if the operational deployment criterion obtained from the
Simplified Method is equal to or above the expected deck handling criterion

Areas of Use- When should the method be used? Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Deployment Analysis
Simple Generic lifts: Covered by vessel TRA

(ROV basket, Gabion bags, concrete mattresses etc.)
Small structures: Generally analyzed in

Macsi II or similar
(Protection covers, SLP, small PLEMS, PLETS etc.)
Assumption Intermediate size structures: Analyzed

in OrcaFlex or by the Simplified Method
(PLEMS, PLETS, Riser Bases, Satellites etc.)
Large / Complex / difficult structures:

Analyzed in SIMO possibly in combination with
CFD
Complex
(Foundations, templates, manifolds etc.)
Areas of Use- Optimization in Engineering work Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
Project Sequence Use of Simplified Method
Bidding •Quickly get information •Price more correctly

regarding deployment according to difficulty
Resource Planning •Allocate engineering •Conclude if project need
resources more correctly help from analysis depart.
Subcontractors / CPI •Quickly suggest •Highlight challenging

changes of design design details
Detail Engineering •If Simplified is used- •If Simo is used- get started
less resources required with a good start input
Preparations for Offshore •Project has extensive •Background to engineer

knowledge of structures smart solutions
Excecution- Offshore •Engineers offshore are •Very good competance on

the analysis engineers site
Debrief •If marignal weather- •Evaluate if selected

evaluate crane readouts solution for analysis was
suitable for the work

Areas of Use- Troll B Gas Injection Project Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
•The satellites were

probably towards the
upper limit of what should
be analyzed with the
simplified method
•Relatively heavy
structures- analysis
results were acceptable
with the simplified method
•Analysis Report and
Installation Procedure
was written by the same
Challenging Seastate??? engineer who was also
Interesting readout from crane? present offshore
•Effective offshore
campaign > Happy Client
> Happy Project Manager
Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method for
Lifting through the Splash Zone (presented in DNV-RP H103) Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method
END
OF
PRESENTATION
Arnstein Hosaas
Project Engineer
Subsea 7

9 - Simplified Method - Subsea Lifting Operations

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Subsea Lifting Operations

Engineering optimization by using the Simplified Method

02.12.2010 www.subsea7.com subsea partner of choice

•General overview of Method

Index •Required Input

•These forces are:

•The relative motion is present because:

Relative velocity between Note that the slamming forces

Triangular object suspended in

Stage in which varying

Added mass Roll motion

The water flow creates wakes around corners,

Position dependant force

Velocity dependant force

Acceleration dependant force

02.12.2010 www.subsea7.com subsea partner of choice

The characteristics Crane Tip Motions

02.12.2010 www.subsea7.com subsea partner of choice

The AutoCad model of the

•The creation of the model is normally the

-----------------------------Four different cases are investigated-----------------------------

Var. Buoy 124.5

Case 3: Still water 341.5 Te

Combined Mass and

Load case 4 is analyzed in Macsi II to get ”2nd opinion” results

Results from Simplified Method Results from 2.25m 2.50m 2.75m

Comparison with SIMO shows that the results are concervative

limitations for lower wave periods

Simplified Method is equal to or above the expected deck handling criterion

Simple Generic lifts: Covered by vessel TRA

Small structures: Generally analyzed in

Assumption Intermediate size structures: Analyzed

Large / Complex / difficult structures:

Project Sequence Use of Simplified Method

Bidding •Quickly get information •Price more correctly

Subcontractors / CPI •Quickly suggest •Highlight challenging

Preparations for Offshore •Project has extensive •Background to engineer

Excecution- Offshore •Engineers offshore are •Very good competance on

Debrief •If marignal weather- •Evaluate if selected

02.12.2010 www.subsea7.com subsea partner of choice

•The satellites were

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