Target PT 2018

PRACTICE
WORKBOOK
of 115

Science & Technology

Test-1
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 Science and Technology Test-1
1. Consider the following statements related to
the recent initiatives launched by the
government for the growth of Science and
Technology:
1. IMPRINT: a roadmap for research to
solve the major engineering and
technology challenges relevant to India.
2. KIRAN: aimed at tapping the talent pool
of scientists and entrepreneurs,
internationally to encourage their
engagement with the institutes of Higher
Education in India.
3. GIAN: to address issues related with
women scientists and aimed to provide
opportunities in research, technology
development, etc.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All
2. Which of the following statement correctly
defines the term Metadata?
(a) It is the collection, management, transfer,
integration and publication of data.
(b) It is the non sharable data declared by the
departments / organizations.
(c) It is the information that describes the
data source and the time, place, and
conditions under which the data were
created.
(d) It is the data which are accessible only
through a prescribed process of
registration and authorization
respective departments.
Part -1
3. Government of India has launched National
Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy. Which
of the following is/are the benefits of the
policy?
1. It will provide ready access to
government owned data which may be
used for the benefit of the community.
2. It will remove the need for separate
bodies to collect the same data resulting
in significant cost savings in data
collection.
3. It will help in socio­economic
development of the nation by providing
reliable data on beneficiaries.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1
(d) All
4. Which of the following statements related to
the Defence Communication Network is
incorrect?
(a) It is an integrated network system
enabling the army, air force, navy and the
Special Forces Command for faster
decision making.
(b) The network provides converged voice,
data and video services.
(c) It has been designed by BEL.
(d) It is capable of working on terrestrial as
well as satellite mode of communication.
5. Consider the following features related to the
Missile technology:
by
1. Propulsion system: It is used to achieve
terminal conditions like range, speed and
warhead carrying capability.
 2. Warhead of a missile: It determines the (a) It is a munition launched, dropped, or
missile's lethality. fired from the ground, the air, or the sea
3. Guidance system: It is used to control the that disperses or releases tens or
Missile's Flight by using altitude control hundreds of submunitions.
mechanism. (b) It is improvised container dropped from
an aircraft and filled with explosive to
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
increase fragment projection.
(a) 1 and 2
(c) It is a munition launched from the
(b) 2 and 3 aircraft only that disperses or releases
(c) Only 3 tens or hundreds of submunitions.
(d) All (d) None of the above.
6. Polar Remotely Operated Vehicle (PROVe) 9. Which of the following statements is/are true
has been successfully deployed in about the newly developed instrument Bio
Priyadarshini Lake of Antarctica. Which of Indicator Lidar Instrument?
the following is/are its benefits? 1. It has been developed for use in space
1. It will measure parameters like ocean research jointly by ISRO and Europian
currents, temperature, dissolved oxygen Space Agency.
and salinity. 2. It uses sound waves to detect and
2. It will improve the Monsoon prediction. analyze the composition of air.
3. It will help in understanding the 3. It is used in detecting signatures of life on
biological activities taking place inside Mars.
the sea.
Codes:
Select the correct answer using below given (a) 1 and 3
codes:
(b) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3
(c) Only 3
(b) 2 and 3
(d) None
(c) Only 2
10. Which of the following statements is/are true
(d) All
about Fast Neutron Reactor?
7. The National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) 1. Fast neutron reactors can reduce the total
aims to connect all the 2,50,000 Gram radiotoxicity of nuclear waste, and
panchayats in the country and provide 100 dramatically reduce the waste's lifetime.
Mbps connectivity to all gram panchayats
2. Fast­neutron reactors are less costly to
(GPs). Which of the following advantages
build and operate, and are thus cost­
does Fiber optics has over traditional metal
competitive with thermal neutron
communications lines?
reactors.
1. Fiber optic cables have a much greater
bandwidth than metal cables. Codes:
2. Fiber optic cables are less susceptible (a) Only 1
than metal cables to interference. (b) Only 2
3. Data can be transmitted digitally rather (c) Both
than analogically. (d) None
Codes: 11. Survey of India working under the
(a) 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 Department of Science & Technology is
(c) Only 1 (d) All mandated to conduct mapping of which of
the following entities?
8. Which of the following statements defines the
1. Cadastral surveys.
term cluster munitions?
 2. Mapping and Production of Aeronautical
Charts.
3. Prediction of tides at ports.
Codes:
(a) Only 2
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
12. Which of the following is/are the benefits of
using biotechnology in field of Agriculture?
1. It reduces vulnerability of crops to
environmental stresses.
2. It reduces dependence on fertilizers,
pesticides and other agrochemicals.
3. It reduces generation of methane from
the plants.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1
(d) All
13. Recently ISRO carried out successful testing
of scramjet engine from the Satish Dhawan
Space Centre. Which of the following
statements is/are true about Scramjet Engine
used in space rockets?
1. It is a special category of ramjet air
breathing jet engine in which combustion
takes place in supersonic airflow.
2. It uses Hydrogen as fuel and the Oxygen
from the atmospheric air as the oxidiser.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
14. Experts have recommended for replacing
pellet guns with the use of PAVA. Consider
the following about PAVA (Pelargonic Acid
Vanillyl Amide):
1. It is a chilli based non lethal munition.
2. It has the ability to severely irritate and
paralyse humans temporarily.
3. It is also used as a food additive to add
pungency, flavouring and spicy effect to
food.
Which of the above statements are true?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
15. Consider the following statements:
1. DTH uses Ku­Band transponder from
satellite system for transmission.
2. DTH does away with the need for the
local cable operator.
3. DTH is an encrypted transmission that
travel to consumer indirectly through a
centralised system.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(d) All
16. Consider the following statements about
GPRS technology:
1. GPRS technology uses packet switched
data rather than circuit switched data.
2. GPRS can be used for services such as
voice calls, internet telecommunications
like e­mail and web access.
Which of the above statements is/are correct:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
17. Which of the following is/are true about
Gravitational waves?
1. Gravitational waves are ripples in the
curvature of spacetime that propagate at
the speed of light, generated in certain
gravitational interactions.
2. Gravitational waves can penetrate
regions of space that Electromagnetic
radiations has no reach.
 3. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of (b) 1, 3 and 4
light and distort space­time on their path. (c) 2, 3 and 4
Codes: (d) All
(a) 1 and 2 21. Which of the following statements is/are true
(b) 2 and 3 about HIMANSH?
(c) Only 1 1. It is a high­altitude research station in
(d) All Himalayan region of Sipti of Himachal
Pradesh.
18. Which of the following is/are the benefits for
2. It has been established by the
using nanotechnology for drug delivery?
Department of Science and Technology.
1. Amount of drug required for treatment is
3. Its purpose is to monitor the growing
reduced.
number of invasive species in the
2. Biochemical reaction time is much shorter Himalayan region.
as it can be implanted inside the body.
Codes:
3. It helps in delivering a drug to a desired
target site in a controlled manner. (a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3
Codes:
(c) 1 and 3
(a) 1 and 2
(d) All
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 22. Which of the following statements is/are true
about the recently launched Bio­Tech Kisan?
(d) All
(a) It is a farmer centric scheme where
19. Which of the following statements is/are true scientists will work in collaboration with
about Li­fi technology? farmers for deriving innovative solutions.
1. It uses flexible, transparent fiber made by (b) It is a programme placed for creating
drawing glass (silica) or plastic for awareness about the usage of
transferring data. biotechnology in field of crops.
2. These are based on the principle of light (c) It is a programme placed for creating
scattering. awareness about the usage of
3. It uses uv visible­light communication or biotechnology in livestock rearing.
infrared and near­ultraviolet instead of (d) All of the above.
radio­frequency spectrum.
Codes:
23. Which of the following statements is/are true
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2 about Proton therapy treatment of cancer?
(c) Only 3 (d) All 1. Proton therapy, causes no damage to
20. One of the fundamental duties mentioned in nearby healthy tissue.
the Constitution is to develop the scientific 2. The speed of the protons reflects their
temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry high energy and thus they travel to a
and reform. What is the basic feature of the specific depth in the body based on their
concept of scientific temper? energy.
1. Open mindedness and humility 3. It is highly efficient for delivering
2. Freedom from prejudice or bias radiation through the skin from a
machine outside the body.
3. Healthy skepticism
4. Objectivity and Rationality Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
Codes:
(b) Only 2
(a) 1 and 2
 (c) Only 3 (c) 1 and 2
(d) All (d) All
24. With respect to Aridhaman Class Submarine, 25. Which of the following statements with
consider the following statements: respect to Air Independent Propulsion
1. It is a class of nuclear­powered ballistic System (AIP) technology is/are correct?
missile submarines. 1. It is a nuclear submarine technology
2. It is the first submarine missile to have which allows submarine to surface every
been built by a country other than one of few days to get oxygen to recharge their
the five permanent members of the batteries.
UNSC. 2. It enables a submarine to generate
electricity for services while being
submerged.
3. It was built under the Indian Army's
Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)
project. Codes:
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(a) 1 and 3 (c) Both (d) None
(b) 2 and 3
vvvvvv
 Science and Technology Test-1 Answers
Part -1
Ans. 1. (a)
Exp: "KIRAN" (Knowledge Involvement in
Research Advancement through Nurturing) is
addressing various issues related with
women scientists (e.g. unemployment,
relocation etc.) and aimed to provide
opportunities in research (WOS­A),
technology development/demonstration
(WOS­B), and self­employment (WOS­C) etc.
KIRAN is also actively involved in taking
proactive measures, under the name CURIE
(Consolidation of University Research for
Innovation and Excellence in Women
Universities) to develop state­of­the­art
infrastructure in women universities in order
to attract, train and retain promising girls
students in S&T domain.
Global Initiative of Academic Networks
(GIAN) in Higher Education aimed at tapping
the talent pool of scientists and entrepreneurs,
internationally to encourage their
engagement with the institutes of Higher
Education in India so as to augment the
country's existing academic resources,
accelerate the pace of quality reform, and
elevate India's scientific and technological
capacity to global excellence.
Ans. 2. (c)
Exp: The information that describes the data source
and the time, place, and conditions under
which the data were created. Metadata
informs the user of who, when, what, where,
why, and how data were generated. Metadata
allows the data to be traced to a known origin
and know quality.
Ans. 3. (d)
Exp: The policy aims is to facilitate the access to
Government of India owned shareable data
and information in both human readable and
machine readable forms through a network
all over the country in a proactive and
periodically updatable manner, within the
framework of various related policies, Acts
and rules of Government of India, thereby
permitting a wider accessibility and use of
public data and information.
Benefits of the data sharing policy
• Maximising use: Ready access to government
owned data will enable more extensive use of
a valuable public resource for the benefit of
the community.
• Avoiding duplication: By sharing data the
need for separate bodies to collect the same
data will be avoided resulting in significant
cost savings in data collection.
• Maximised integration: By adopting
common standards for the collection and
transfer of data, integration of individual data
sets may be feasible.
• Ownership information: The identification of
owners for the principal data sets provide
information to users to identify those
responsible for implementation of prioritized
data collection programs and development of
data standards.
• Better decision-making: Data and
information facilitates making important
decisions without incurring repetitive costs.
Ready access to existing valuable data is
essential for many decision making tasks such
as protecting the environment, development
planning, managing assets, improving living
 conditions, national security and controlling
disasters.
• Equity of access: A more open data transfer
policy ensures better access to all bonafide
users.
Ans. 4. (c)
Exp: India's first integrated defence
communication network will enable the army,
air force, navy and the Special Forces
Command to share situational awareness for
a faster decision­making process.
The Defence Communication Network
(DCN), a strategic, highly secure and scalable
system, has a pan­India reach ­ from Ladakh
to the North East to island territories.
Built by HCL under a nearly Rs 600 crore
project, DCN offers high quality voice, video
and data services covering 111 entities spread
across the country.
It is capable of working on terrestrial as well
as satellite mode of communication and has
also been fixed onboard different military
vehicles.
Ans. 5. (d)
Exp: The propulsion system in a missile is required
to achieve terminal conditions like range,
speed and warhead carrying capability. The
missile is propelled either by rockets or jet
engines using solid or liquid fuel. Some
missiles use hybrid technology for propelling
it to its intended point.
The function of the guidance system is to
maintain the missile in its desired flight path
by using altitude control mechanism. This is
done by controlling the pitch, roll and yaw of
the weapon. The guidance system operates as
an auto­pilot, damping out fluctuations that
tend to deflect the missile from its intended
flight path.
In some missiles, the guidance commands are
generated internally by the missile's
computer. In others, the commands are
transmitted to the weapon by some external
source.
The aerodynamic features of a missile, also
called Controlling Surfaces, are used to
control the Missile's Flight. The fins, wings
and tail are the three major aerodynamic
control surfaces used to steer the missile. The
missile's course can be altered by moving
these controlling surfaces.
Ans. 6. (d)
Exp: India's first Polar Remotely Operated Vehicle
(PROVe) operationalized in North Antarctica
• It is an indigenously built by National
Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) under
Union Ministry of Earth Sciences
• It will measure parameters like ocean
currents, temperature, dissolved oxygen and
salinity in the Antarctic.
• It makes monsoon prediction and reading of
pattern easier. It helps in capable of probing
the sea bed under normal temperature and
exploring up to 200 meters in inhospitable
and tough regions. It is successfully deployed
in Priyadarshini Lake (Antarctica) by ESSO ­
NIOT.
• The results and outcomes will help
researchers in understanding the biological
activities taking place inside the sea.
• ESSO­NIOT is an Indo­US initiative under the
Monsoon Mission program of the Union
Ministry of Earth Sciences.
 It will study science behind the
monsoonal events of Bay of Bengal using
both Indian & US research ships. It will
especially help scientist to move away
from present Mathematical models for
forecasting the Monsoon which many
times vary from initial forecasts.
Ans. 7. (d)
Exp: Fibre optics is a technology that uses glass (or
plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A
fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass
threads, each of which is capable of
transmitting messages modulated onto light
waves.
 Fiber optics has several advantages over
traditional metal communications lines:
• Fiber optic cables have a much greater
bandwidth than metal cables. This means that
they can carry more data.
• Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than
metal cables to interference.
• Fiber optic cables are much thinner and
lighter than metal wires.
• Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural
form for computer data) rather than analogically.
Ans. 8. (a)
Exp: The term cluster munition is generally used to
describe a munition launched, dropped, or
fired from the ground, the air, or the sea that
disperses or releases so­called submunitions
or bomblets.
Ans. 9. (c)
Exp: It has been developed for use in space
research only by NASA. It uses light waves to
detect and analyze the composition of air. It
will be going to be used in detecting
signatures of life on Mars.
Ans. 10. (a)
Exp: This kind of reactor needs no neutron
moderators.
Fast neutron reactors can reduce the total
radiotoxicity of nuclear waste, and
dramatically reduce the waste's lifetime. This
is the biggest advantage it has.
Fast­neutron reactors are costly to build and
operate, and are not thus cost­competitive
with thermal neutron reactors.
Ans. 11. (d)
Exp: The main duties and responsibilities of the
Survey of India are enumerated below:
• All Geodetic Control (Horizontal and
Vertical) and Geodetic and Geophysical
surveys.
• All Topographical Control, Surveys and
Mapping within India.
• Mapping and Production of Geographical
Maps and Aeronautical Charts.
• Surveys for Developmental Projects.
• Survey of Forests, Cantonments, large scale
city surveys, guide maps, cadastral surveys
etc.
• Survey and Mapping of special maps.
• Spellings of Geographical names.
• Demarcation of the External Boundaries of
the Republic of India, their depiction on maps
published in the country and also advice on
the demarcation of inter­state boundaries.
• Training of officers and staff required for the
Department, trainees from Central
Government Departments and States and
trainees from Foreign Countries as are
sponsored by the Government of India.
• Research and Development in Cartography,
Printing, Geodesy, Photogrammetry,
Topographical Surveys and Indigenization.
• Prediction of tides at 44 ports including 14
foreign ports and publication of Tide Tables
one year in advance to support navigational
activities.
• Scrutiny and Certification of external
boundaries of India and Coastline on maps
published by the other agencies including
private publishers.
Ans. 12. (a)
Exp: Biotechnology provides farmers with tools
that can make production cheaper and more
manageable. Some benefits are:
• Increased Crop yields.
• Reduced vulnerability of crops to
environmental stresses.
• Increased nutritional qualities­ Proteins in
foods may be modified to increase their
nutritional qualities.
• Improved taste, texture or appearance of
food.
• Reduced dependence on fertilizers, pesticides
and other agrochemicals.
• Production of novel substances in crop plants.
Ans. 13. (c)
Exp: A scramjet is a variant of a ramjet
airbreathing jet engine in which combustion
takes place in supersonic airflow. As in
ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle
speed to forcefully compress the incoming air
before combustion (hence ramjet), but a
ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic
velocities before combustion, while airflow in
a scramjet is supersonic throughout the entire
engine. This allows the scramjet to operate
efficiently at extremely high speeds.
Advantages
• Does not have to carry oxygen
• No rotating parts makes it easier to
manufacture than a turbojet
• Has a higher specific impulse (change in
momentum per unit of propellant) than a
rocket engine
• Higher speed could mean cheaper access to
outer space in the future
Ans. 14. (d)
Exp: PAVA shells contain Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl
Amide, an organic compound found in chilli
pepper. It derives its name from the
compound, which is also known as
Nonivamide. It is considered to be bio­safe,
less lethal than pellet guns and equally
effective. It is also used as a food additive to
add pungency, flavouring and spicy effect to
food.
Ans. 15. (c)
Exp: DTH is stand for Direct­To­Home television.
DTH is defined as the reception of satellite
programmes with a personal dish in an
individual home.
A DTH consists of a broadcasting centre,
satellites, encoders, multiplexers, modulators
and DTH receivers. A DTH service provider
has to lease Ku­band transponders from the
satellite. The encoder converts the audio,
video and data signals into the digital format
and the multiplexer mixes these signals.
DTH does away with the need for the local
cable operator and puts the broadcaster
directly in touch with the consumer.
DTH is an encrypted transmission that travels
to the consumer directly through a satellite.
DTH transmission is received directly by a
consumer at his end through the small
antenna. A set­top box, unlike the regular
cable connection, decodes the encrypted
transmission.
Ans. 16. (c)
Exp: The key element of GPRS technology is that it
uses packet switched data rather than circuit
switched data, and this technique makes
much more efficient use of the available
capacity. This is because most data transfer
occurs in what is often termed a "bursty"
fashion. The transfer occurs in short peaks,
followed by breaks when there is little or no
activity.
The letters GPRS stand for General Packet
Radio System, GPRS technology enabled
much higher data rates to be conveyed over a
cellular network when compared to GSM that
was voice centric.
GPRS can be utilized for services such as
WAP access, SMS, MMS, voice calls and
internet communications services such as e­
mail and web access.
GPRS stands for 'General Packet Radio
Service' and was the first popular data
standard for mobile phones. GPRS was used
for WAP and MMS messages and offered
modest connection speeds ­ typically 30­40
Kbit/s, although the theoretical maximum is
115 Kbit/s. GPRS is known as a '2.5G'
technology.
GPRS and GSM are able to operate alongside
one another on the same network, and using
the same base stations. However upgrades
are needed.
Ans. 17. (d)
Exp: Gravitational waves are ripples in the
curvature of spacetime that propagate at the
speed of light, generated in certain
gravitational interactions .
Predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein on the
basis of his theory of general relativity,
gravitational waves transport energy as
gravitational radiation, a form of radiant
energy similar to electromagnetic radiation.
Ans. 18. (d)
Exp: Nanotechnology has provided the possibility
of delivering drugs to specific cells using
nanoparticles (increases effectiveness, less
side effects)
Positive Impact
• Amount of drug required for treatment is
reduced
• Less side effect
• Effective treatment (more bio availability).
More than $65 billion are wasted each year
due to poor bioavailability
• Cost of treatment is reduced
• Smaller devices: A benefit of using nanoscale
for medical technologies is that smaller
devices are less invasive and can possibly be
implanted inside the body, plus biochemical
reaction times are much shorter
• Nanoparticles can be used in combination
therapy for decreasing antibiotic resistance
and multi drug resistance
• It deliver a drug to a desired target site in a
controlled manner.
Ans. 19. (c)
Exp: An optical fiber or optical fiber is a flexible,
transparent fiber made by drawing glass
(silica) or plastic. It is used for wave
transmission.
Fibers are used instead of metal wires because
signals travel along them with lesser amounts
of loss and are also immune to
electromagnetic interference.
These are based on the principle of Total
Internal Reflection which causes the fiber to
act as a waveguide.
Light Fidelity (Li­Fi) is a bidirectional, high­
speed and fully networked wireless
communication technology similar to Wi­Fi.
It is wire and uv visible­light communication
or infrared and near ultraviolet instead of
radio­frequency spectrum, part of optical
wireless communications technology, which
carries much more information and has been
proposed as a solution to the RF­bandwidth
limitations.
Ans. 20. (d)
Exp: Scientific temper is characterized by
following traits :
• Healthy scepticism
• Universalism
• Freedom from prejudice or bias
• Objectivity
• Open mindedness and humility
• Willingness to suspend judgment without
sufficient evidence
• Rationality
• Perseverance ­ positive approach to failure.
Ans. 21. (a)
Exp: The centre has been established as a part of
Indian government's initiative to study and
quantify the Himalayan glacier responses
towards the climate change. It has been
established by the National Centre for
Antartic and Ocean Research, under the
Ministry of Earth Sciences.
Ans. 22. (a)
Exp: This scheme is being launched by Department
of Biotechnology. Developed in consultation
with the farmers. Biotech­KISAN aims to link
farmers, scientists and science institutions
across the country in a network that
identifies and helps solve their problems
in a cooperative manner.
Ans. 23. (d)
Exp: The speed of the protons reflects their high
energy and thus they travel to a specific depth
in the body based on their energy. Radiation
is basically proton based.
Its unique feature is that it's painless for the
patient in delivering radiation through the
skin from a machine outside the body.
With proton therapy, there is no radiation
dose beyond the tumor and thus no damage
to nearby healthy tissue. That's why it is
being recommended over conventional X­Ray
radiation.
Ans. 24. (a)
Exp: It is a class of nuclear­powered ballistic
missile submarines being built for the Indian
Navy. The lead vessel of the class, INS
Arihant was launched in 2009.
• Arihant is the first ballistic missile submarine
to have been built by a country other than one
of the five permanent members of the UNSC.
• INS Arihant is to be the first of the expected
five in the class of submarines designed and
constructed as a part of the Indian Navy's
secretive Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)
project. The 6,000 tonne vessel was built
under the Advanced Technology Vessel
(ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in
the port city of Visakhapatnam.
vvvvvv
• INS Aridhaman is the second Arihant­class
submarine. It is the second nuclear­powered
ballistic missile submarine being built by
India. It is being built under the Advanced
Technology Vessel (ATV) project to build
nuclear submarines at the Ship Building
Centre in Visakhapatnam.
Ans. 25. (b)
Exp: Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) is a
technology that allows Diesel Submarines to
operate without having to surface or use a
snorkel to access atmospheric oxygen.
Allowing a submarine to remain submerged
for extended periods, without the need to
surface, augments range and improves
underwater endurance, at a cost lower than
nuclear propulsion, while at the same time
preserving the advantages of conventional
diesel electric power. This helps Diesel
submarines to carry out operations in a
stealthy manner reducing their chances of
being detected by anti submarine ships and
aircrafts.
It will have both anti­surface and anti­
submarine warfare viz. vertical launched
BrahMos for the sea & land targets + Tube­
launched torpedoes for anti­submarine
warfare. There are six Diesel submarines with
Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP)
technology for Indian Navy by 2022.
 Science and Technology Test-1
Part -2

1. Which of the following statements related to 3. Which of the following statement are true
the comparison between Lithium ion batteries about globalfishingwatch.org?
and Lithium polymer batteries is/are correct? 1. It allows users to spy on global fishing
1. Lithium ion batteries are subject to the practices, in a bid to curb illegal fishing.
'memory effect' as compared to Lithium 2. It uses satellite technology combined
polymer batteries. with radar aboard boats.
2. Lithium ion batteries are smaller and
Select the correct answer using code below:
safer as compared to Lithium polymer
batteries. (a) Only 1
3. Lithium ion batteries more charge (b) Only 2
capacity as compared to Lithium polymer (c) Both
batteries. (d) None
Codes: 4. "NASA is working on sending a submarine
(a) Only 1 into the depths of the Kraken Mare.", it is a
(b) 1 and 2 sea located on?
(c) All (a) Mars (b) Titan
(d) None (c) Jupiter (d) Venus

2. Gaia is a space observatory of the European
Space Agency (ESA) designed for astrometry.
What is astrometry?
(a) It is a branch of Astronomy which studies
the advent and evolution of biological
systems in the universe.
(b) It is a branch of Astronomy which deals
with the physics of the universe,
including the physical properties of
celestial objects, as well as their
interactions and behavior.
(c) It is a branch of Astronomy which deals
with the structure and components of our
galaxy and of other galaxies.
(d) It is a branch of Astronomy which
involves precise measurements of the
positions and movements of stars and
other celestial bodies.
5. Which of the following weapons in Indian
Armed Forces is/are correctly matched?
1. Su­30Mki: designed and developed by
HAL.
2. Arjun Mark­II: developed by DRDO.
3. Barak­8 shield: developed jointly by India
and Russia.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) Only 2
6. Recently, central government has announced
setting up of India's first Augmented Reality
(AR) education and training institute in
Varanasi. Which of the following is/are true
about Augmented Reality?
 1. It is a technology that superimposes a 9. Which of the following supercomputers has
computer generated image on user's view been correctly matched?
of the real world. (a) Sunway Taihulight ­ China
2. These programmes can be run only in (b) Cori supercomputer ­ Japan
super computers and unsuitable for
(c) Titan supercomputer ­ EU
smartphones.
(d) Sequoia Supercomputer – France
3. It can be used for navigation, managing
construction sites, etc. 10. Which of the following is/are the benefits of
using genomics in the livestock rearing?
Codes:
1. It can help in predicting future
(a) Only 1
profitability potential of the livestock.
(b) 1 and 2
2. It can help in animal selection and taking
(c) 1 and 3 strategic breeding decisions.
(d) All 3. It can help in controlling inbreeding and
7. Which of the following statements related to avoid genetic defects.
the comparison between subsonic missile and Codes:
supersonic missile is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
1. Subsonic missiles are comparatively
(b) Only 2
smaller than their supersonic
counterparts and offer very long ranges. (c) 1 and 3
2. It is easier to shot down a subsonic cruise (d) All
missile. 11. Which of the following departments come
3. Subsonic missiles easily evade enemy air under Ministry of Science and Technology?
defenses as compared to supersonic 1. Department of Scientific and Industrial
missile. Research.
Codes: 2. Department of Biotechnology.
(a) 1 and 2 3. Department of Atomic energy.
(b) 2 and 3 Codes:
(c) Only 1 (a) Only 3
(d) All (b) 1 and 3
8. With respect to Shruti Drishti consider the (c) 1 and 2
following statements: (d) All
1. Shruti Drishti is a Text­To­Speech and
12. Consider the following Statements about
Text­To­Read for deafer.
Aditya­L1:
2. Shruti Drishti is a Text­To­Braille System
1. It has been placed at Lagrangian point of
for Visually impaired.
the Sun­Earth system so that it can view
3. It is keyboard event driven and provides the Sun without any occultation/
keyboard only accessibility with a eclipses.
minimal set of key.
2. It will yield information for space
Which of the above statements are correct? weather prediction.
(a) 1 and 3 3. It is meant to observe only the solar
(b) 2 and 3 corona.
(c) All Select the correct answer using the codes
(d) None given below:
 (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 16. Which of the following statements is/are
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All correct with respect to Indian Regional
Navigation Satellite System?
13. Facebook's Connectivity Lab has set a world
1. Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
record by transmitting at nearly 20 Gbps for
System (IRNSS) covers India and upto
13.2 kilometers using Milli Meter Wave
1,500 km beyond its borders.
(MMW) technology. Which of the following
statement is incorrect with respect to Milli 2. IRNSS provides standard positioning
Meter Wave (MMW) technology? service.
(a) It offers the potential to deliver 3. All Satellites will be placed over the
bandwidth comparable to that of fibre equator in the geostationary orbit.
optics. Select the correct answer using the code given
(b) It allows for higher data rates up to 10 below:
Gbps. (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) Millimetre waves have high atmospheric (c) 2 and 3 (d) All
attenuation and are absorbed by gases in
the atmosphere. 17. Which of the following are the applications of
Cryogenics?
(d) It combines the usage of Li­fi technology
for data transfer to satellite. 1. Space Technology
2. Telemetry
14. What was the reason for dropping Pluto out
of the list of nine planets? 3. Magnetic levitation
1. It is not round in shape and does not 4. Blood Banking
revolve around Sun in a regular manner. 5. Surgery
2. It does not have "cleared the 6. X­Ray
neighborhood" of its orbit.
Select the correct answer using the code given
Codes: below:
(a) Only 1 (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5
(b) Only 2 (b) 1, 3, 4 and 6
(c) Both (c) 1, 4, 5 and 6
(d) None (d) 1, 3, 4 and 5

15. World's longest Quantum communication 18. Consider the following statements related to
line is being launched by China. Which of the the solar technology:
following is/are true about the Quantum 1. In Concentrated Solar Power cells the
Communications? light energy is directly converted into the
(a) It is used to detect gamma rays from electricity.
other planets. 2. Under Net­Metering Technology
(b) It is used to encode and decode consumers can generate solar power for
messages, which would be secure from self­consumption and also supply it to
eavesdroppers. the Discom.
(c) It is used to send data related to Military Which of the statements given above is/are
applications only. correct?
(d) It is used to send data between (a) Only 1
submarines only.
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
19. Which of the following is/are the 22. Which of the following are the main
characteristic features of Nano­technology? components of INSPIRE programme?
1. Nano­materials possess high mechanical 1. Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent.
strength as compared to their 2. Scholarship for Higher Education.
conventional counterparts.
3. Assured Opportunity for Research
2. Melting point of nano­material falls when Careers.
the particle size of the material
approaches to the nanoscale ranges. Codes:
3. In nanoparticles electron scattering (a) 1 and 2
phenomenon due to crystal defects (b) 2 and 3
decreases. (c) 1 and 3
Codes: (d) All
(a) 1 and 2 23. FLCD is a new generation display device like
(b) 2 and 3 LCD which contains Ferro dielectric liquid
(c) 1 and 3 crystal. Which of the following is/are the
benefits of it?
(d) All
1. Switching time is less as compared to
20. Which of the following is/are the significance traditional LCDs.
of Reusable Launch Vehicle ­ Technology
2. It has very low dot pitch which results in
Demonstrator?
a high resolution.
1. It will decrease the cost of creating new
3. High frame rate video displays are
launch vehicle in each space mission.
possible in it.
2. It will help in reducing the space debris
placed in the sun­synchronous orbit. Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
Codes:
(b) 2 and 3
(a) Only 1
(c) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(d) All
(c) Both
(d) None 24. Bharat Interface of Money (BHIM) is an app
recently launched by union government.
21. Which of the following statements is/are Which of the following facts are correct about
correct about Aquaponics technology used in BHIM?
hi­tech agriculture?
1. BHIM is UPI (unified payment interface)
1. In aquaponics fish and plants are grown based mobile application.
alternatively to control the soil
2. It is developed by DRDO in co­ordination
degradation.
with TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental
2. The need of fertilizers is less than the research).
normal as excretions from the animals
3. BHIM is an Aadhar­based payment
accumulate in the water.
application so a customer can easily send
Codes: or receive money if bank account is
(a) Only 1 linked with Aadhar number.
(b) Only 2 Codes:
(c) Both (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(d) None (c) 1 and 3 (d) All
25. Which of the following statements related to
the Bluetooth Technology is correct?
(a) It has data rates of up to 4 MBps, which
provides very fast rates for data transfer.
vvvvvv
(b) Power consumption is less in Bluetooth
technology.
(c) Bluetooth creates a local­area network.
(d) None of the above.
 Science and Technology Test-1 Answers
Part -2
Ans. 1. (d)
Exp: Lithium Ion: The technology employed in
lithium ion batteries is advanced, and this
allows for an incredibly high charge capacity
relative to the size and weight of the battery.
Due to this, however, these batteries are fairly
expensive and will not be compatible with
older mobile phones: generally, they are used
to charge modern smart phones. In addition,
these batteries are not subject to the 'memory
effect', which simply means that the battery
will not lose capacity if it isn't completely
discharged when used. Most people do not let
their batteries run completely dry before
charging them, and when this happens many
batteries will remember this shorter charge
cycle. As a result, the capacity of the battery is
reduced, which can be aggravating and
frustration as a consumer. Thankfully, this
isn't an issue with lithium ion batteries.
Lithium Polymer: Lithium polymer batteries
are the most advanced batteries available on
the market. The battery is cased in plastic,
rather than metal, making it sleeker, lighter,
smaller, and safer than other types of battery.
As with lithium ion batteries, these do not
suffer from memory effect, and do not
diminish when the battery isn't completely
drained between charges. In addition, they
can contain up to 40 per cent more charge
capacity then other batteries, namely NiMH
batteries (listed below), of the same size.
Ans. 2. (d)
Exp: Gaia is a space observatory of the European
Space Agency (ESA) designed for astrometry.
"The first catalogue of more than a billion
stars from ESA's Gaia satellite was published
today ­ the largest all­sky survey of celestial
objects to date. On its way to assembling the
most detailed 3D map ever made of our
Milky Way galaxy, Gaia has pinned down the
precise position on the sky and the brightness
of 1142 million stars." "The European Space
Agency (Esa) launched its Gaia mission in
2013. Its goal was to update and extend the
work of a previous satellite from the
1980s/90s called Hipparcos.
Astrometry is the branch of astronomy that
involves precise measurements of the
positions and movements of stars and other
celestial bodies. The information obtained by
astrometric measurements provides
information on the kinematics and physical
origin of the Solar System and our galaxy, the
Milky Way.
Ans. 3. (c)
Exp: Recently, free technology that allows users to
spy on global fishing practices, in a bid to
curb illegal fishing."
"Using satellite technology combined with
radar aboard boats, the site global­
fishingwatch.org allows people to zero in on
areas of interest around the world and trace
the paths of 35,000 commercial fishing
vessels."
"It aims to offer a crowd sourced solution to
the problem of illegal fishing, which accounts
for up to 35 per cent of the global wild marine
catch and causes yearly losses of $23.5 billion,
according to the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO)."
Ans. 4. (b)
Exp: Saturn's moon Titan is unique in the outer
solar system in that it is the only one of the
bodies outside the Earth with liquid lakes and
seas on its surface and the US space agency
has unveiled plans to send a submarine into
the depths of its largest ocean ­ Kraken Mare.
NASA is working on sending a submarine
into the depths of the Kraken Mare.
Ans. 5. (d)
Exp: The Su­30Mki is the twin­jet Air Superiority
Fighter designed and developed by Russia's
Sukhoi and built under licence by India's
Hindustan Aeronautics limited (HAL).
Arjun Mark­II the Main Battle tank in Indian
Armed forces is the deadliest weapon . The
Arjun Mark 2 is an advanced third generation
main battle tank and an upgraded version of
the Arjun main battle tank with several
improvements.It was developed by DRDO
.The Arjun MK.2 has the improved
protection,fire­power and mobility than its
predecessor.
Naval Barak­8 is a long­range anti­air and
anti­missile naval defence system being
developed jointly by Israel Aerospace
Industries (IAI) and the Defence Research &
Development Organisation (DRDO) of India.
Ans. 6. (c)
Exp: Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or
indirect view of a physical, real­world
environment whose elements are augmented
(or supplemented) by computer­generated
sensory input. With the help of advanced AR
technology the information about the
surrounding real world of the user becomes
interactive and digitally manipulable.
Information about the environment and its
objects is overlaid on the real world. One
example is an AR Helmet for construction
workers which displays information about
the construction sites. Modern mobile
computing devices like smartphones and
tablet computers contain these elements
making them suitable AR platforms.
Ans. 7. (a)
Exp: Missiles that travel at a speed less than the
speed of sound (Mach 1) are called subsonic
cruise missiles. The advantage offered by
subsonic flight is, longer range. All cruise
missiles with a range in excess of 800 km are
subsonic. Subsonic missiles are comparatively
smaller than their supersonic counterparts
and offer very long ranges for a fraction of
their size. It is easier to shot down a subsonic
cruise missile when compared to a supersonic
one.
Missiles that travel faster than Mach 1 qualify
as supersonic missiles. These missiles are
used excessively by Russia who depend on
the speed of these missiles to evade enemy air
defenses. The advantage of this high speed is
that the enemy has very less time to react
when the missile is detected. The high speed
also renders several defense systems useless
against these missiles. The disadvantage is
that long range supersonic missile can’t be
designed without it being of extremely large
size.
Ans. 8. (b)
Exp: Shruti Drishti is an Integrated Text­to­Speech
[TTS] & Text­to­Braille [TTB] System for the
Visually Impaired using the Information
Extraction and Retrieval techniques. Shruti
Drishti is a web page browser developed for
visually impaired users is considered to
provide user­friendly environment, sharing
and strengthening of global knowledge by
removing barriers and providing equitable
access to information for all by the use of
Assistive Technologies.
Shruti Drishti has an option of presenting the
displayed information in a verbal mode using
a speech synthesizer or in the Braille format.
The verbal mode of information
representation provides descriptive
information on all events of a web page,
including links, buttons, check box, text etc. It
is keyboard event driven and provides
'keyboard only' accessibility using a minimal
set of keys. It also provides a large text
window for partially sighted users and a
standard web page browser to enable users to
work together with sighted workers. Shruti
 Drishti is a combination of Text to Speech &
Text to Braille application to provide high­
value integrated Web Browsing through
listening anytime, anyplace.
The system has also received Golden Icon
Award in the 'Trail Blazing application of the
year New Entrant Category' at the 8th
National Conference on e­governance [2004]
from the Department of Administrators
Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG),
Govt. of India & the Government of Orissa.
Ans. 9. (a)
Exp: Sunway Taihulight was developed by the
China's National Research Centre of Parallel
Computer Engineering and Technology
(NRCPC). It can perform 93 quadrillions
calculations per second (petaflop/s) almost
three times as fast as Tianhe­2.
Ans. 10. (d)
Exp: Transferring genomic selection within herds
can help farmers to: 1) achieve higher annual
rates of genetic gain exploiting genomic bulls;
2) select the best heifers as herd replacements;
3) sell pedigree heifers at a higher price; 4)
optimize intra­herd mating plans to achieve
maximum rates of genetic gain while
controlling inbreeding; 5) increase accuracy in
parentage recording; and 6) avoid genetic
defects.
Ans. 11. (c)
Exp: Department of Atomic energy comes under
Prime Minister Office.
Ans. 12. (a)
Exp: Aditya is India's first dedicated scientific
mission to study the sun .
Aditya­1 was meant to observe only the solar
corona. The outer layers of the Sun,
extending to thousands of km above the disc
(photosphere) is termed as the corona. It has
a temperature of more than a million degree
Kelvin which is much higher than the solar
disc temperature of around 6000K. How the
corona gets heated to such high temperatures
is still an unanswered question in solar
physics.
Aditya­L1 with additional experiments can
now provide observations of Sun's
Photosphere (soft and hard X­ray),
Chromosphere (UV) and corona (Visible and
NIR). In addition, particle payloads will
study the particle flux emanating from the
Sun and reaching the L1 orbit, and the
magnetometer payload will measure the
variation in magnetic field strength at the
halo orbit around L1. These payloads have
to be placed outside the interference from the
Earth's magnetic field and could not have
been useful in the low earth orbit.
Ans. 13. (d)
Exp: Millimeter waves have short wavelengths
that range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter;
they have high atmospheric attenuation and
are absorbed by gases in the atmosphere,
which reduces the range and strength of the
waves. Rain and humidity can impact
performance and reduce signal strength, a
condition known rain fade. Due to its short
range of about a kilometer, millimeter wave
travels by line of sight, so its high­frequency
wavelengths can be blocked by physical
objects like buildings and trees.
Millimeter wave wireless technology offers
the potential to deliver bandwidth
comparable to that of fibre optics but without
the logistical and financial drawbacks of the
deployments.
Ans. 14. (b)
Exp: For an object to be a planet, it needs to meet
these three requirements defined by the IAU:
It needs to be in orbit around the Sun and
Pluto does that.
It needs to have enough gravity to pull itself
into a spherical shape ­ Pluto also does this.
It needs to have "cleared the neighborhood"
of its orbit ­ Here's the rule breaker.
According to this, Pluto is not a planet.
Ans. 15. (b)
Exp: World's longest Quantum communication line
is being launched by China. The technology
allows one to distribute sequence of random
bit whose randomness and secrecy are
secured by the laws of quantum physics.
Hence this mode of communication
guarantees greater security to data
transmission Quantum communications is the
associated branch of Quantum Physics which
is totally different from Classical Physics.
Ans. 16. (b)
Exp: Three satellites will be placed over the
equator, in the geostationary orbit and four
satellites will be in pairs in two inclined
geosynchronous orbits.
Ans. 17. (d)
Exp: Telemetry is an automated communications
process by which measurements and other
data are collected at remote or inaccessible
points and transmitted to receiving
equipment for monitoring.
X­rays are a form of electromagnetic
radiation. X­rays are roughly classified into
two types: soft X­rays and hard X­rays. Soft
X­rays fall in the range of the EM spectrum
between (UV) light and gamma­rays. Soft X­
rays have comparatively high frequencies ­
about 3 × 1016 cycles per second, or hertz, to
about 1018 Hz ­ and relatively short
wavelengths ­ about 10 nanometers (nm), or 4
× 10?7 inches, to about 100 picometers (pm),
or 4 × 10?8 inches. (A nanometer is one­
billionth of a meter; a picometer is one­
trillionth of a meter.) Hard X­rays have
frequencies of about 1018 Hz to higher than
1020 Hz and wavelengths of about 100 pm (4
× 10?9 inches) to about 1 pm (4 × 10?11
inches). Hard X­rays occupy the same region
of the EM spectrum as gamma­rays.
Telemetry and X­ray ­ No cryogenic
application is used.
Ans. 18. (b)
Exp: A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an
electrical device that converts the energy of
light directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and
chemical phenomenon. It is a form of
photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose
electrical characteristics, such as current,
voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to
light. Solar cells are the building blocks of
photovoltaic modules, otherwise known as
solar panels.
Concentrated solar power (also called
concentrating solar power, concentrated solar
thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar
power by using mirrors or lenses to
concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar
thermal energy, onto a small area. Electricity
is generated when the concentrated light is
converted to heat, which drives a heat engine
(usually a steam turbine) connected to an
electrical power generator or powers a
thermo chemical reaction.
Under Net Metering consumers can generate
solar power for self­consumption and also
supply it to the Discom.
Ans. 19. (d)
Exp: As compare to conventional bulk particles
nanomaterials exhibits some unique physical
properties.
The melting point drastically falls when the
particle size of the material approaches to the
nanoscale ranges. All the nanomaterials
possess high mechanical strength as
compared to their conventional counterparts.
Nanoparticle product enhance the crystal
perfection and as well as it reduce the defects.
As a result electron scattering phenomenon
due to crystal defects are also reduced and a
reduction in resistivity is experienced.
Ans. 20. (a)
Exp: It can be reused again, it reduces the growing
space debris and thus it can seen as preferred
clean space technology at international level
which can further boost Indian's space
commerce industry.
Ans. 21. (d)
Exp: Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture
(raising fish) and hydroponics (the soil­less
 growing of plants) that grows fish and plants S&T system and R&D base. It is a programme
together in one integrated system. The fish with long term foresight.
waste provides an organic food source for the
INSPIRE has three components:
growing plants and the plants provide a
natural filter for the water the fish live in. The • Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent
third participants are the microbes (nitrifying (SEATS)
bacteria) and composting red worms that
thrive in the growing media. They do the job • Scholarship for Higher Education
of converting the ammonia from the fish (SHE)
waste first into nitrites, then into nitrates and • Assured Opportunity for Research Careers
the solids into vermicompost that that are (AORC)
food for the plants.
Ans. 23. (d)
Ans. 22. (d)
Ans. 24. (c)
Exp: Generation and nurturing of a human talent
pool capable of utilizing and developing first Exp: It has been developed by NPCI based on the
principles in science is both a pre­condition unified payment interface.
and integral part of such an innovation
Ans. 25. (b)
infrastructure. An India specific model for
attracting talent with an aptitude for research Exp: Infrared can have data rates of up to 4 MBps,
and innovation, for a career in Basic & which provides very fast rates for data
Natural sciences is required. INSPIRE is an transfer, while Bluetooth only offers 1 MBps.
innovative programme developed by the the Instead of creating a local­area network
Department of Science & Technology to (LAN) or a wide­area network (WAN),
attract talent to the excitement and study of Bluetooth creates a personal­area network
science at an early age, and to help the (PAN).
country build the required critical resource
pool for strengthening and expanding the Power consumption is less in Bluetooth
technology.

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