Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERSstorm weter management canbe calegorized primary a ether open ‘anne! tension drop splay) or tenstons Between open can Seland closed conduits (drop staf), Drop stractures ase usally constructed of concrete because ofthe forces involved however, ifs posble t ulze pap sling basin tr gabions where physi econome and other conditions peri 3B. Open Channel Drops (Drop Silay) Drop sures in open canes change he chanel om steep fo id by combining seis gen slopes and verte drops. Fit vous are reduced fo nom aotveweoate, whe the Kinga nergy or fw veloay guid bythe waters it drops over the ees, TSE pay nated byw are orsign ‘Gpen hanna drop sructres general require seated nappes and subvelfow condone at So the upstream and dwnacam Se Hn of the drop. The sling bain can vary rom a simple concrete pronto ball locks ors as descbed previous Figur 926 shows tne flow geometry and important vaables at 3 vera! staght drop stractuc: The How geomeny at such drops can [Ee descbed by the drop umber ()sehich i defied (Chow 1858) oxy ie ge cheng pee it 11 eure paes ALTOS Tha dp enn 4a ae oy 10 oxy gure 3.26 Flew goat of tig drop spony (Cho, 1389.Osis eng 8 = ear a9 Where Ly = drop length Y, = pool depth under the nappe 3,5 the depth of te te of mappe Y, = tihenter dapthssquent to F Fora given drop height, and dlscharge dhe drop length Ly and the sequen depth Y, can be estimated by Equations 9-12 and 9-15, ‘espectvely. Te length of the jump can be sumated by tadiques ‘lseussed in Secon V. I the tawater ls less than Y, the hydraulic fump wl recede dovnetream, Converey, i the taliatr i grster, than Ya the jump will be submerged. If falvater is equal tY, no "perc fow fet onthe apron and the distance Le minum, ‘Wien the tlbrter depth ie fess than Ys its necsesy (ccoding to US. Department of Tanspartaon 1988) to provide elter 1) an pron a the Bed level ana sl or sll, or 2)an apron Belo he tenses bes love and an end sl hake of design type and mensions depends on the unt charg drop heght and tater depth The design should ke {nto consideration the goomety ofthe unites fw. the splay overw cen engi ry han he wath he sppach ane ‘ofthe snd eontations to avoid scours The vo mod common vercal open channel drops are the sssght drop suture and the box inet dsp structure, . 1 Straight Drop Structure Figure 927 shows a layout of typical staight drop strcure and sla deen ec dna te US Ba Carson an EEL McLaughlin Water Engineers (183) provides specie cieria an ‘eviews design considerations slated to yaracte, geotechlal, and rostral deliga of drop truce 2, fx Inlet Drop Structure The box inet drop struct a rectangle box open a he top and dovestvea end a5 shown in Figure 9.28 (U.S. DOT. 1983). Waters Arata to the erst ofthe bow inlet by carth dives and head, Flow enters over the upstresm end and fio ses. The long ees of the bax net perms ange flows to passat rlavly Tow Reads, The