5. May/June 2001 #1 [30 marks] ‘Do NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1. ‘The data shown in Table 1 below were collected by a class that carried out an ecological study on a hilly site covering approximately 3 acres, The plant population of the hillside consisted mainly of grasses and small dicotyledonous plants. There were also a few shrubs scattered throughout the area, The class was divided into 10 groups, each of which worked on a separate area. Quadrats were used to find the densities of the same four species of small plants in cach of the 10 arcas and the results pooled to provide the information given in Table 1. Examine the data carefully and answer the questions which follow. TABLE I: AVERAGE DENSITIES OF FOUR SPECIES IN 10 DIFFERENT AREAS I ‘Areas Species [1 ]2 13 |# [5 |e |7 (8 |9 [io A 1s {21 [8 [30 [ie 9 fiz [3 B 2 [is [2 — 9 [nt [8 c 1 Io ED [z k 0 fe eps fe 2 fs fis fa [ae fa Draw a simple diagram to show the basic structure of a quadrat nclade dimensions on the diagram or a scale to show what size quadrat would be appropriate for this study, (2 marks) (i) Explain briefly how the quadrat was used to find the density of any ONE of the four species. (4 marks) (ii) State ONE other means of estimating the distribution of the species for which the quadrat can be used. “Tare(iv) State ONE disadvantage of using a quadrat for this study. (i mark) () Which species showed the highest overall density on the hillside? (i mark) (i) Which species seemed LEAST well adapted for living on a slope? (mark (i) In which TWO areas, show in Table 1, were most plants found living? ‘Suggest ONE environmental feature that these areas may have in common and say how this could account for the distribution of plants shown in the table (S marks) (iv) Species C showed an unusual distribution on this hillside. What characteristics might the plant have which could account for this? @ (€) Figure 1 below shows one leaf from each of the species studied. The students concluded from examining the leaves that they belong in two separate groups, Using ONE feature only, divide the four leaves into two groups as the students may have done. (Statg the feature you used and how you grouped the leaves.) (@ marks)(@) Specimens of equal mass of the four species were collected during the field trip and these were taken back to the laboratory. /An investigation was carried out to compare their rates of transpiration. The apparatus and materials were assembled fas shown in Figure 2 below and left for five days. Some of the results are shown in Figure 3 further below. ae {State TWO precautions the stadenis should have taken in collecting the specimens and transporting them back to the school for this investigation, (2 marks) (i) What is the reason for adding the layer of oil shown in Figure 2 above? (i mark) iy Figure 3 below shows the final readings taken for the four plants. Read the weights shown and use them to complete a bar graph/chart in Figure: Spe Preure 4 Comparative mse of he oar plant afr e days (6 marks) (&) Which plane transpired atthe fastest rate and which at the slowest? marks) (¥} Use the information in Table 1 and the results of graph in Figure 4 to suggest a hypothesis for the distribution of different species of plants in a habitat such as the hillside (2 marks) ‘Total 30 marks19. May 2012 #1 [25 marks} Figure 1 shows the effect of temperature on the rate at which starch is broken down by the enzyme, amylase. Mas of rcing sugar prodacedper wi tne ‘cumin Eee apESSE ie re 1. Plect of temperature on rate of amplase activity @__@ Construct a table to represent the data shown on the graph in Figure 1, using FOUR temperature values from the graph. (4 marks) (i) Describe the trend in enzyme activity as shown by the graph in Figure 1. (@ marks) (ii) Explain what happens to the enzyme at temperatures above 37°C. (@ marks)(0) Design an experiment to determine the rate at which starch is broken down under different pH conditions. (6 marks) (6) (Name TWO parts of the human digestive system where amylase can be found, (2 marks) (i) Explain why digestion of starch stops when food reaches the stomach. (2 marks) (ii) Name an enzyme which works best in the stomach. (a mark) (@) (Amylase is also found in plants. Suggest THREE plant structures in which ‘amylase may be found, (i) How is the starch produced in leaves c ‘transported to other parts of the plant? (2 marks) (ii) Give ONE benefit of the storage of s (I mark Total 25 marks