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com
December 2012
14 GREAT
SOLUTIONS
For Your Next Project
21 BIM: A ‘DISRUPTIVE
TECHNOLOGY’
46
AIA/CES DISCOVERY COURSE
BREAKTHROUGH LABS
48
4
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Do you know
where your
energy dollars
are being spent?
©2012 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Schneider Electric, Powerlink, and Make the most of your energy are trademarks owned by Schneider Electric Industries SAS or its affiliated companies.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. • www.schneider-electric.com/us • 998-6616_US
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PRAKASH PATEL/PRAKASH PATEL PHOTOGRAPHY
21
COVER STORY DECEMBER VOLUME 53, NO. 12
14 Great Solutions
for your next project
A digital wayfinding system for a hospital. Micro-unit modular housing for dot.com
workers. An all-in-one building envelope system. A free-form floating ceiling. These
are among this year’s ‘Great Solutions.’ And don’t miss the cardboard bicycle. Huh?
FEATURES ABOVE
A new free-form, floating ceiling system,
43 THE OWNER’S PERSPECTIVE AIA CONTINUING designed by a team from Armstrong
Douglas Durst on the practicalities EDUCATION World Industries, SmithGroupJJR, and
of development. DeMaria Building Company, for the Henry
Ford Health System’s innovation center,
48 BUILDING FOR BREAKTHROUGH in Detroit. The trick was the choice of the
46 BIM BECOMES VDC: A CASE SCIENCE: OPTIMIZING ROI IN right material for the suspension sys-
STUDY IN DISRUPTION R&D FACILITIES tem. See 13 more of this year’s Building
Design+Construction ‘Great Solutions,’
BIM veteran John Tobin says BIM is Research labs can be both sustainable and starting on page 21.
more than a glorified drawing tool. It capable of producing an ROI. Earn 1.0 AIA/
is what Clayton Christensen calls ‘a CES HSW/SD learning units by completing ON THE COVER
disruptive technology.’ the online coursework. The Starfish Bloo restaurant at the
Indonesian resort W Retreat & Spa Bali -
Seminyak, one of two dining facilities at
GREENZONE SCHOOL AT GREENBUILD the resort designed by Poole Associates
Private Limited, Singapore, and cooled by
More than two thousand attendees streamed through BD+C’s highly 25 energy-efficient Haiku fans, one of this
sustainable modular classroom at Greenbuild in San Francisco. year’s ‘Great Solutions.’
See what the buzz was all about in this Special Advertising Section (page 31). PHOTO: COURTESY POOLE ASSOCIATES
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Eric Stengel Architecture, LLC
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editorial
H
Jerry Yudelson, PE, LEED Fellow ow well does your firm treat its clients? what they want to hear” (emphasis added).
DESIGNER How do you measure client satisfac- Give your project managers sufficient training
Elena Mengarelli
WEB DESIGNER
tion? How often do you assess it? The and administrative and technical support, say
Agnes Smolen management consulting firm Morrissey Goodale Morrissey Goodale. One reason respondents may
EDITORIAL ADVISERS
(www.morrisseygoodale.com) has been ask- have given such high marks to project manag-
David P. Callan, PE, CEM, LEED AP, HBDP
SVP, Environmental Systems Design ing clients of architecture and engineering firms ers is that they were seeing more experienced,
Vincent J. D’Ambrosio
SVP, Hill International, Inc. questions like these every two years since 2008. capable professionals due to layoffs at A/E firms.
Peter Davoren The 2102 Morrissey Goodale A/E Industry They caution firms that are currently hiring to be
CEO, Turner Construction Company
John E. Kemper Customer Service Report Card offers this stern careful about thrusting inexperienced, junior-level
Chairman and CEO, KLMK Group
Laurin McCracken, AIA warning: “Firms that sit idly by without reas- staff into project manager roles too quickly.
Marketing Consultant, Jacobs
sessing the way they do business will likely face Several “takeaways” reinforce points we’ve
Philip Tobey, FAIA, FACHA
Senior Vice President, SmithGroup declining revenue and backlog, eroding profits, been writing about in these pages. Morrissey
Randolph Tucker, PE
Associate Principal, ccrd
and potentially, the loss of their businesses.” Goodale advise A/E firms to “stay on top of own-
Peter Weingarten, AIA, LEED AP According to the report, A/E firms actually are ers’ industries.” In other words, get to know your
Director of the Architectural Practice, Gensler
GROUP DIRECTOR - PRINCIPAL doing quite well on client service. (The report clients’ businesses. As the report notes, “Owners
Tony Mancini did not study construction companies, but its repeatedly emphasized they are looking for A/E
610.688.5553; tmancini@sgcmail.com
EVENTS MANAGER findings should be of value to contractors.) Sixty- firms to understand the challenges they face and
Judy Brociek two percent of client/owners rated their overall the trends that are driving their industries.” They
847.954.7943; jbrociek@sgcmail.com
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT satisfaction with A/E industry customer services note that firms that are organized around market
Doug Riemer as “excellent,” up from 56% in 2010 and way, sectors have an advantage here.
For list rental information, contact Geffrey Gardner at
845.201.5331; geffrey.gardner@reachmarketing.com way up from an abysmal 16% in 2008. The report recommends being mindful of the
DIRECTOR, CREATIVE SERVICES & PROMOTION A couple of key findings: needs of all your clients, including end-users—of-
Sandi Stevenson
• The most important aspects of customer ser- fice tenants, shoppers, hospital patients, school
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES
Circulation Department vice to clients: communications (43%), adherence children—as well as the facilities staff.
Building Design+Construction
3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201 to schedules (40%), and budgets (40%). “Go beyond design” is another thoughtful rec-
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-5025
• Client/owners rated A/E firms highest for “in- ommendation. Help your clients find the money
CORPORATE
Chairman Emeritus (1922-2003) tegrity” (93 out of 100) and the quality of project to build the great structures they want. Discover
H.S. Gillette managers (89). The lowest mark was given for clients’ “pain points,” they counsel, and find the
Chairperson
K.A. Gillette “budgetary capabilities” (85). salve to soothe them.
President/CEO With regard to “integrity,” the Morrissey Goo- Finally, some sage advice that applies to
E.S. Gillette
Senior Vice Presidents dale study advises firms not to overpromise; to every business, not just AEC firms: “Never take
Ann O’Neill stay on top of change orders, project budgets, clients for granted, particularly long-term clients,”
Rick Schwer
Senior Vice President/CFO and schedules; to eliminate surprises by “com- Morrissey Goodale advise. “Provide high-quality
David Shreiner municating frequently and honestly” with clients; service on each and every job, no matter the
Vice President of Custom Media
and Content Management and to manage client expectations from the out- size”—wise words, but too often ignored in the
Diane Vojcanin
Vice President of Events
set by “telling them what they need to hear, not helter-skelter of day-to-day operations.
Harry Urban
For advertising contacts, see page 63.
BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION DECEMBER 2012 9
news BY ROBERT CASSIDY, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
M
ost economists say the U.S. is fourths of respondents (75.7%) rated “general on a five-point scale from “excellent” to “very
slowly emerging from the Great economic conditions (i.e., recession)” as the weak.” (Respondents who checked “Not
Recession, a view that was con- most important concern their firms will face in applicable/No opinion/Don’t know” are not
firmed to some extent by an exclusive sur- 2013—roughly comparable to the 78.4% who counted here.) Among the findings:
vey of 498 BD+C subscribers whose views responded that way last year. • Healthcare continued to be the most
we sought on the commercial construction Other factors were largely within the same highly rated sector, with nearly three-fifths of
industry’s outlook on business prospects range as last year, given the margin of error respondents (58.8%, vs. 54.6% last year) giv-
for 2013. (about 3.5-4%). Competition from other ing it a “good” to “excellent” rating.
The majority (52.2%) of respondents—ar- firms (44.9%) went up slightly (from 40.1% in • Data centers and mission-critical facilities
chitects, engineers, contractors, buildings 2011), while having insufficient capital funding were also up, with the majority of respon-
owners, and others in the commercial, for projects declined a bit, to 29.7%, from dents (52.1%) in the good/excellent category,
industrial, and institutional field—said 34.5% the year before. For both years, nearly compared to 45.2% last year
their firms were in at least “good” financial three in four (73.4% this year, 74.8% in 2011) • Senior and assisted-living facilities made
health, compared to 49.7% last year. described the current business situation for a big jump, from last year’s 37.8% of respon-
But a markedly strong showing (86.4%) their firms as “very” to “intensely” competi- dents in the good/excellent category, to a
said their firms would be up in revenues or tive—further evidence that AEC firms are still majority this year, at 50.5%.
would at least hold steady in 2013, versus struggling for every dollar. • Government and military work was rated
80.2% last year—an increase that may be good to excellent by 36.1% of respondents,
not only statistically significant but also most HEALTHCARE, DATA CENTERS down slightly from last year’s 41.1%.
certainly welcome for an industry that could LOOK PROMISING FOR ’13 • University/college facilities were rated
use a bit of cheering. Respondents were asked to rate their firms’ good to excellent by 37.8% of respondents,
As was the case last year, more than three- prospects in specific construction sectors versus 32.3% in 2011.
0
REVENUE RATINGS (% RESPONDING)
Respondents were slightly more optimistic about their firm’s business pros-
pects, with 26.8% seeing “very good” to “excellent” prospects for 2013, versus 60
17.4% in 2011. Most (86.4%) said revenues would be up or hold steady in ’13. n=425
SOURCE: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT/CASE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 50
ANNUAL REPORT & FORECAST SURVEY
n=413
40
BUSINESS HEALTH (% RESPONDING)
40 30
35 20
n=423
30
Respondents viewed 10
25 the relative health
of their firms pretty
20 much as they did in 0
2011, with only those
15 reporting “weak”
health (13.9%)
showing a possibly A strong majority (56.4%) of respondents see their
10 significant drop from firms’ revenues increasing in the coming year, a sig-
2011 (18.4%). nificant leap from last year, when only 34.8% foresaw
5 increased revenue on the horizon.
SOURCE: CONSTRUCTION
0 EQUIPMENT/CASE CON- SOURCE: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT/CASE CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTION EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT ANNUAL REPORT & FORECAST SURVEY
ANNUAL REPORT & FORE- 2012 N=425 2013 N=413
CAST SURVEY
© 2012 Georgia-Pacific Gypsum LLC. All rights reserved. BUILDING REPUTATIONS TOGETHER, DENSGLASS, the color GOLD, and the Georgia-Pacific logo are trademarks owned by or licensed to Georgia-Pacific Gypsum LLC.
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news
a healthy 26.8% said BIM was used in the their investments in technology. Twitter bringing up the rear (21.1%).
majority of projects, based on dollar value— On the communications front, nearly a Note: Of the 428 who gave their profession-
precisely the same as last year. Only a few third of respondents (32.9%) said they did al description, 42.1% were architects; 18.7%,
saw the use of BIM declining in the coming not use social media. Of those who said they engineers; 23.8%, contractors; 5.6% building
year. Nearly two-fifths (39.0%) of respondents did, LinkedIn was the clear choice, at 85.1%, owners, developers, or facility/property man-
said their companies would be beefing up with Facebook in second place (49.5%) and agers; and 9.8%, consultants or “other.”
CORRECTIONS
BD+C’s Greenbuild 2012 Report
(November 2012) incorrectly stated that,
for the Federal Center South project, near
Seattle, Heery International was the gen-
eral contractor. In fact, Heery served as
construction manager. Sellen Construc-
tion was the contractor, under contract to
From roots to rooftops and beyond, the U.S. General Services Administration.
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designed by Lake|Flato Architects in col-
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program recognizes advertising campaigns that demonstrate
BASF Corporation excellence in creativity, message, and effectiveness.
FLORHAM PARK, NJ Winners were chosen by an independent panel of judges: Nish
Kothari, Lead Designer with a major architecture firm; Christine
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ness Development (Construction Management Division), STV;
“Great explanation of the and Patrick E. Duke, Senior Vice President, KLMK Group, Inc.
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the message is loud and Awards were presented at BD+C’s “GreenZone” model class-
room building, at Greenbuild 2012.
clear.”
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idea generation
COURTESY GENSLER PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS
14 great
solutions
BY RAISSA ROCHA AND AMY MCINTOSH, ASSOCIATE EDITORS
2 HIGH-EFFICIENCY
CEILING FANS
Big you-know-what fan
goes small this time
Touted as “the first small fan that
deserves to be called a Big Ass Fan,”
3 DIGITAL WAYFINDING
iPad-like touch screen signage
serves as guide for hospital guests
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COURTESY REPURPOSED MATERIALS INC.
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www.BDCuniversity.com BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION DECEMBER 2012 23
idea generation
PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS
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idea generation
PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS
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26 DECEMBER 2012 BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION www.BDCnetwork.com
COURTESY TREMCO
12
FREE-FORM FLOATING CEILING
Suspension technology uses aluminum
to add drama to healthcare think tank
In 2011, the Building Team of SmithGroupJJR and DeMaria
Building Company set out to recreate an old structure on
Henry Ford Health System’s main hospital campus, in Detroit,
into an innovation center, with the aim of integrating the
building’s architectural heritage with the new innovation zone.
The result: a new free-form, floating ceiling system, designed
in partnership with Armstrong World Industries. A Revit 3D
model was utilized to develop the suspension system, which
is shaped into a folded plane and formed using articulated
pieces. Aluminum extrusions replaced wood when the latter
proved too heavy for use in the ceiling installation.
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Circle 763
The Modular
Classroom
Greenbuild 2012 • San Francisco
in partnership with
sponsored by
Modular classroom building
makes the grade
SAGE modular classroom opens eyes, minds at Greenbuild 2012
SETTING OUT ON A MISSION
A
t Greenbuild 2012, education and sustainability took center
stage with the arrival of the SAGE modular classroom, de- With that historical background in mind, Leite and her students set
signed and built by a team from Oregon. The demonstration about changing the design of modular classrooms—to create sustain-
facility, which was on display November 13-15 at the Moscone ably designed, factory-built classrooms that were good for children’s
Center in San Francisco, was conceived and co-sponsored by Building health and well-being, but also practical. “The only way to do that is to
Design+Construction and its parent organization, SGC Horizon LLC. find a way to keep it affordable for school districts,” she said.
The genesis of the project came from the Department of Archi- As the project began to pick up steam, the staff of Oregon Governor
tecture at Portland (Ore.) State University, in particular Assistant John Kitzhaber stepped in. The modular classroom was named an
Professor Margarette Leite. In examining the role of architecture in official “Oregon Solutions” project. This program, established in 2011,
education spaces, she and her students recognized a growing need for promotes “sustainable solutions to community-based problems that
sustainably designed classrooms nationwide. support economic, environmental, and community objectives, and
While modular classrooms—or “portables,” as they’re commonly are built through the collaborative efforts of businesses, government,
known—have been around for decades, some practitioners in the modu- and nonprofit organizations.”
lar building industry feel they have not been used to their full potential. With the governor’s backing secured and the project becoming more
“School district administrators typically look at this kind of space as a and more of a reality, the team grew to include Portland State’s College
temporary fix,” says Garth Haakenson, President/CEO of Pacific Mobile of Engineering, and Institute for Sustainable Solutions, in conjunction
Structures, Chehalis, Wash. “But the reality is that these buildings stay with AIA Portland. There was just one problem—the team didn’t have
up for 20 to 30 years. When they’re built to a minimum standard and not a buyer for the proposed classroom. “We were going to try and raise
maintained over that time period, the quality of the classroom deterio- money for it if we had to,” said Leite. “Luckily a buyer stepped in and
rates and you have kids learning in a substandard environment.” made it happen pretty quickly.”
That buyer was Haakenson and Pacific Mobile Structures, which
has a branch in Oregon City, near Portland. With funding secured,
modular builder Blazer Industries, Aumsville, Ore., got to work. “I
think it was October 5 or so that we actually started construction,”
said Kendra Cox, Blazer Industries’ Project Manager. “The building
shipped [to San Francisco] November 9. We were working on the
design, working on the pricing, every single last-minute item. It was
pretty hectic.”
They called it SAGE, for Smart Academic Green Environment. The
SAGE modular classroom came in at $77 a square foot in construc-
tion costs, about half that for conventionally designed and con-
structed “portables,” proving that sustainability and affordability
were not incompatible.
H&C
Waterproofer Protective Coatings Heavy Duty Floor Coatings Decorative Concrete sherwin-williams.com/pro
©2011 The Sherwin-Williams Company
Circle 764
Exploded axonometric drawing of the SAGE classroom’s building components.
Center for Sustainable Solutions and a founder and faculty member TAKING THE CONCEPT TO THE NEXT LEVEL
of the federally funded Green Building Research Lab. With a strong first showing at Greenbuild behind them, the team
While the entire Building Team was excited about the generous now hopes that this is just the start of a revolution in the creation of
feedback they received from Greenbuild attendees while the classroom sustainably designed and constructed modular classrooms.
was on display at Moscone, they were equally interested in the goal of “There’s a lot of interest nationwide, so the next step is to start address-
opening people’s eyes to the potential of mobile classrooms. ing requests from other states and figure out how to find manufacturers
Haakenson said it was important to get AEC professionals and and contractors that believe in the project,” said Blazer Industries’ Cox.
the public to see that mobile structures could be more than portable Portland State’s Leite recommends that future modular classroom
classrooms. “There are a lot of interesting features about this struc- Building Teams collaborate early and often. “A lot of projects don’t
ture that are completely different than anyone’s previous expectations make it because they’re not efficient to build, so they become too ex-
of a portable classroom,” he says. Changing the stereotype of the pensive,” she says. “That’s why it’s important to start working together
modular classroom was a key component of the SAGE team’s strategy. right from the beginning.”
PROUD SPONSOR OF
©2012 LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. LG Life’s Good is a registered trademark of LG Corporation.
Circle 765
Visitors to the Moscone Center’s North Hall were greeted by the SAGE modular
classroom, left, and a modular home project. The home was built by Method
Homes and co-sponsored by Professional Builder, BD+C’s sister publication.
Circle 766
Four computer stations, with
cloud monitors supplied by LG,
give students access to a wealth
of educational resources.
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So we were creating a new type of building. NR: How has your perspective changed building taking us to 2015. So we believe it
It was very exciting, but naturally some about buildings as living systems? is going to be extremely successful.
things did not work out, such as fuel cells, DD: I see them as being more efficient and
and others we did not consider, such as able to make better use of available re- NR: Your next risk is with BIG Architects
capturing rainwater, which we are doing sources, such as groundwater, natural gas on the residential project at 57th Street
here at Bryant Park. to generate electricity, and natural light. and the Westside Highway in New York
These fixtures shut down during daylight City. I heard that you met Bjarke Ingels at
NR: Is the photovoltaic system at 4 Times hours. At 4 Times Square we looked at a conference, and it was love at first sight.
Square functioning and economical? using fewer natural resources. We insisted DD: My wife is Danish. Six years ago I was
DD: That was a real experiment. They have that contractors recycle their own material, invited to give a talk about green buildings
a payback of about 25 years and a life ex- and they complained because of cost but to the Copenhagen City Council. Europe
pectancy of about 20, so it wasn’t really an actually found out that there were savings. has been way ahead of us in terms of
economic decision. We wanted to further Now people don’t even question it. energy efficiency—but not in terms of total
the industry. The man who made the panels building efficiency. Bjarke is young and was
produced them in his garage, so we had NR: How are you involved in reevalua- of course even younger then. Toward the
to buy all the equipment in order to ensure tions and potential improvements to the end of my talk he asked, “Why do your
delivery. We actually had to buy two sets LEED regulations? buildings look like buildings?” (Although he
of panels because it was not clear whether DD: I have been very vocal in complain- now says he never asked that.) The ques-
he was going to make them in time to fin- ing about LEED, but it has gotten people tion intrigued me, so I got to know him. For
ish the building. But he did. They produce to think and is a valuable resource, even our 40th anniversary [my wife and I] went
power, but it is a fight with Con Edison to though it is very expensive to adhere to. It to Denmark and visited his office, and I was
get them turned on. is also somewhat subjective, but we don’t overwhelmed by the projects he was doing,
have a better standard. I think at some so I talked to him about ours.
NR: What were the lessons learned? point they are going to have to reevaluate
DD: Our main focus at 4 Times Square was the whole system, but that’s a way off. NR: Is your working relationship different
energy. We now realize that while energy than it has been with other architects?
is important, the real issue is making the NR: Have you taken different kinds of DD: It has been a terrific collaboration.
building as healthy and efficient as possible risk in light of the financial downturn? When we have to make changes for codes
for the occupants. To bring in more outside How has your business changed? or economic reasons, we don’t get a big
air, it takes more energy to turn the fans DD: You have to take bigger risks because pushback. Bjarke sees a problem and is
and to temper and clean the air. If you are the banks require more equity. We haven’t very quick to find solutions. I have been
just looking at energy efficiency, you are not seen the decrease in land costs that would very impressed with their grasp of the zon-
getting the effect that we think you should. enable more projects to go forward. So al- ing here. They build all over the world, so I
At Bryant Park we paid more attention to though construction costs have decreased know they are very good at understanding
water savings and preventing sewage-sys- considerably, New York is still not competi- different zoning and construction require-
tem overflow by capturing all the rainwater tive with other markets. And it costs three ments in all the cities they work in.
and reusing the groundwater. There is a lot times more to build in Manhattan than it
of groundwater coming into the building, does [to build] across the river or in other NR: Did the building’s triangular shape
and the typical response used to be just to parts of the city. around an open courtyard evolve from
dump it into the sewer. We use it for flush- zoning, light, and air requirements, or
ing the toilets and in the cooling tower. At 4 NR: How is your firm involved in the pure design concerns?
Times Square we had a fuel cell, which has World Trade Center site? DD: We knew we wanted to have an
many applications, but it is not applicable DD: We are an adviser to the Port Authority interior courtyard on the European model,
to an office building. Here we have a 5 MW on finishing and tenanting the building. but the zoning made the building too tall—it
cogeneration plant that produces about I was not in favor of all the office space would have been dark all the time. When
80% of the power used in the building, and being built down there—and I still think it we first started, the design had two high
the waste heat is used to heat and cool the could have been approached differently and corners, like two towers, which didn’t feel
building. At night, when the building has completed over a longer time period—but right. The site is zoned as commercial now,
low demand, the power is used to make that is behind us now. We have commit- so we have to get that changed. We were
ice, which cools the building during the day. ments from tenants for more than half the going to show Amanda Burden, head of
university
BD+C university offers architects, engineers, contractors and building + Courses
owners/developers who specialize in the commercial, industrial, and + Webinars
institutional markets a convenient education platform. The site offers + White Papers
access to a variety of educational components such as:
+ Videos
campuses
F
or many of us who have participated in the rapid growth was a “sustaining technology”––something that simply improved an
of BIM, It is tempting to see it as just one more technology existing market proposition.
development in the project delivery process, but its real im- BIM also started out as a sustaining technology, as many disrup-
pact is quickly accelerating beyond that. More accurately, tions do. The notion was that 3D models would be an efficient way
the growth of BIM is heralding a true disruption in the construction to produce 2D documents, the next evolution of CAD enhancement.
industry. It is transforming markets, and revolutionizing expectations. But it quickly morphed to a point where the model created brand
In fact, it is increasingly apparent that BIM fits a well-known pattern new value networks: clash detection, quantity takeoffs, field BIM,
familiar to business scholars, a pattern known as disruptive innova- direct fabrication, energy analysis––and, ultimately, BIM models as a
tion and made famous by Harvard Business School professor Clay- store of myriad facility information.
ton Christensen in his best-selling book The Innovator’s Dilemma.
In innovation theory, a disruptive technology is one that creates ENTER THE CONTRACTOR:
entirely new “value networks”––a combination of capabilities and BIM BECOMES VDC
expectations––for a given process or technology. The disruptive growth of BIM has been largely due to the unantici-
For example, 2D CAD simply computerized the production of pated interest contractors would take in the technology, and in this
drawings. Before CAD, designers produced drawings; after CAD, we respect it is clearly a “new market disruption” in the terminology of
still produced drawings, just differently and with more flexibility. CAD disruption. By any measure, contractors have grasped the power
of BIM with far more vigor than design professionals, who tend
BIM models (as in the above project) have evolved to a level of informa- to see it as sustaining, and have failed to perceive its disruptive
tion beyond that required for production of 2D documents. The high level trajectory. Contractors looked at BIM models and immediately un-
of detail creates a digital virtual building that can be used to determine
logistical planning and quantities, as well as for 3D coordination. In es- derstood how they could be used for virtual design and construc-
sence, the 3D model has disrupted the designer’s traditional deliverables, tion (VDC) tasks.
becoming more valuable than the 2D documents during construction.
The Yale School of Medicine West Campus, WB-24 Laboratory, New Haven, Conn., a renovation project that resulted in the delivery of a "prestige lab,"
especially notable for attractive and welcoming interior spaces. Such amenities are vital to the recruitment of top research and academic talent.
W
+ EXPLAIN the requirements for green building and LEED hether in the corporate sector or in the academic realm,
as they apply to laboratory and research facilities. scientific research is a complex and highly competi-
+ LIST approaches to improve energy efficiency, tive field. Because decisions of where and how to direct
daylighting, and the use of sustainable building research funding can be decided at the margins, even small factors
products in labs. can make the difference, and the built space within which research is
+ DESCRIBE ways to make laboratory indoor conducted is, in fact, no small factor at all.
environmental quality comfortable, healthful, productive, Laboratory facilities and associated support spaces that are
and inspiring, with positive effects on occupant health. built to best practices have a significant impact on the return on
lighting fixtures and techniques will serve CASE STUDY 2 — Interiors: WB-24 Labs
best: where task lighting will be needed,
what spaces have strict requirements for In 2007, Yale University acquired the former Bayer outfitted the space to maximize adaptability. Flex-
safety lighting, where low-wattage LED and Pharmaceutical complex to add to its growing ible casework, plug-and-play MEP access, and
CF lamps will satisfy, etc. If the floor plan- West Campus, with an eye toward creating a rolling cabinets make the facility responsive to the
ning allowed for a zone-by-zone strategy research hub for leading scientists, PhDs, and changing needs of research science. As a uniquely
(as discussed earlier in reference to ventila- principal investigators. As a prestige project, the sustainable solution, existing fixed benches are
tion), controls for lighting can be linked by selected site would have to accommodate cutting- used as counters and lab benches where possible,
zone to further save energy and reduce edge DNA-sequencing technology, microscopy and existing fume hoods have been refurbished.
responsibilities for facility management. suites, and cold rooms. The project would also The results reduced costs by as much as 50%,
Other interior considerations. Work- have to make an outmoded facility into a high- yet this frugal, three-story, 60,000-sf facility has
shopping, at its best, should reveal profile, world-class research center. been vital to recruitment of institute directors and
research needs and work habits that influ- With a laboratory infrastructure already in place, principal investigators. Brightly colored walls, light-
ence specification of workstations, seating, the Building Team must focus on delivering a weight furnishings, ample wood and wood-grain
storage, and more. Clients may reveal fresh, sunny look that would feel inviting to future surfaces, and glass partitions and doors––many
that they will need to optimize the facility occupants. In addition to bringing natural daylight- with fritted patterns suggesting cellular or molecu-
for flexibility, while research organizations ing as far into the core as possible, designers lar patterns––contribute to the “prestige project.”
may have goals, techniques, or even an
institutional or corporate culture that translated into demands on the producing successful research, but the synergy also allowed for
space and its components. some cost cutting in construction and operations.
Where possible, consider cost-effective ergonomic systems, but The same process led to the development of a solution for a
make sure the research team is on board. Adjusting to a radically geological lab. This particular facility needed to be built entirely
new environment, even a strange chair, can hamper an individual’s from nonferrous materials, to avoid corrosion and contamination of
research efforts, so specify seating, workstations, benches, and stor- samples from metal particulates. In the end, the non-ferrous environ-
age in close consultation with the client. ment, being generally less caustic, also avoided corroding standard
Computer workstations have become an integral component of systems and equipment, which would have brought research to a
laboratory design, of course, and manufacturers have responded with standstill. This synergy of goals was the direct result of a thorough
an array of choices. Make certain the infrastructure is in place and then dialogue among the Building Team, the researchers, and facility
consult with the clients through workshopping to determine the best management stakeholders.
furnishings and arrangements for digital workstations. Amenities and aesthetics. In our second case study, the client
(Yale University) clearly wished to invest not just in a functional lab,
THE BREAKTHROUGH LAB: but also in a world-class molecular biology research facility that
LEVERAGING THE INTANGIBLES would project an image of prestige. One of the goals for many such
This course has stressed the early-planning phase for a number of facilities is generating interest among potential PIs and research
reasons, all of which bear on the bottom line: what is best for the directors, so as to be able to recruit top-tier talent: prestige begets
research, and the researchers, will translate into a better return on prestige. But efforts to create the image of prestige align and syn-
investment. Taking this thinking to its logical conclusion, it becomes ergize with other goals, such as sustainability and employee health
the task of the Building Team to seek out the qualities of the client and satisfaction; such elements will fall into one of two categories,
and research stakeholders that are not easily translatable into design amenities or aesthetics.
elements. It is the integration of these intangibles into the design that Amenities include prime location, interior spaces for interaction
set apart the high-ROI “breakthrough” lab from the typical one. and relaxation, flexible lab arrangements, ergonomic furnishings, etc.
Unique research challenges. Designing for unusual fields of re- But the visioning phase may reveal other amenities that could be in-
search can further complicate an already highly specialized task. The cluded to further boost the facility profile. Some may opt for workout
most cost-effective approach to solving for these challenges is the facilities and showers, or even sleeping space sleep for those who
one that delivers optimal research results––and therefore, best ROI–– spend long hours in research. Larger facilities will probably support
and that begins with thorough visioning and workshop programs. a cafeteria. Corporate or high-profile institutional clients may want
As noted in the first case study, the workshop process opens such amenities as a lecture hall, a boardroom, and high-tech smart-
the door to synergy among various project goals: only with a suf- boards and videoconferencing.
ficient understanding the behavior of butterflies, as detailed by the Even if the client and occupant stakeholders do not mention it in
researchers themselves, could the design team realize a natural workshop, the Building Team should raise the issue of aesthetics.
daylighting strategy that serves both the researchers and their study Recall that WB-24, in our second case study, enjoys an image of
specimens. As a result, the transgenic lepidopteran lab is not only prestige in no small part due to abundant natural daylight and exterior
ARUP/ANTHONY CORTEZ
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