ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 6  2018
Imran, Kothagudem
Q:
P. Madhu, Kurnool
ú£ôÂ, Ú¨Ùë] ›íô•\ìo êμõªÞœª î¦Ú¥uõÚÛª ú£·ôjì
ÏÙTxùà î¦Ú¥uõª ÔN? î¦æ¨ö˺ ÔC ÚÛ·ôÚÂd? ÔC
êŸí£±p? N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
1. û¶ìª ÚÛñ膓 û¶Jpþ§hìª Në¯uô¢ª–õÚÛª (students)
a) I will have the students learn kabaddi.
b) I will make the students learn kabaddi.
2. Oªô¢ª í£Jtù£û ϛúh ÷« Në¯uô¢ª–õêÁ (students)
û¶ìª demo Ïí‡pþ§hìª
a) If you give me permission, I will have my
students give a demo.
b) If you give me permission, I will have my
students to give a demo/ I will make my
students give a demo.
3. None of the minutes was wasted.
None of the time was wasted.
4. I would like to take long leaves from 10-05-
18 to 23-05-2018. Somebody said to me that
long leaves is wrong. Why it is wrong sir?
Please explain.
A: 1) I will teach kabaddi to students / I will
teach the students kabaddi - this is better
and simpler than I will have the students
learn/ I will make the students learn
kabaddi.
2) If you give me the permission I will have
my students give a demo. (Not, to give)
3) ‘None of’, usually takes a plural verb. None
of the minutes were wasted – correct. But
‘time’ being singular, none of the time was
wasted is preferable.
4) Leave is both singular and plural, so
‘leaves’ is wrong.
Writer
- M. Suresan
G. Balaji
Q: Respected sir, please explain the differ-
ences between the following words.
1. Hotel, motel
2. Leave, holiday
3. Men, gentlemen
4. Going, heading
5. Shopping, window shopping
A: 1) A hotel is a place where you can lodge,
and eat food, but your car has to be
parked in the common parking area. A
motel, on the contrary is a place where
you can park your car right in front of
your room.
2) Leave is a period for which you apply and
get permission from the authorities,
because you have some important work.
Holiday on the other hand, is a day on
which everybody in an office or establish-
ment need not attend office. For example
we have Sankranthi, Deepavali holidays,
which are given to all the employees. A
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
Q: Sir, please clarify the following doubts.
1. Retrospective/ tively – Please explain.
2. How safety is your account? - Please say in Telugu.
3. One act play – What we call this in Telugu?
A: 1) Retrospective / ly = from sometime in the past till now.
2) It is not ‘How safety is your account?’ It is ‘How safe is your ccount?’
sOª ÍÚ˽ÙæÀ í£CõÙÞ¥û¶ ÑÙë¯?z
3) ÔÚ¥ÙÚ¨ÚÛ
Î clauses ö˺ future ÑÙè[ë]ª!
990
ÞœêŸî¦ô¢Ù tenses, î¦æ¨ Ñí£óμ«Þ¥õª àŸ«ø‹Ù
ÚÛë¯? Tenses ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ. ÷ªìÚÛª tens-
es ú£JÞ¥ êμLóŸªÚÛð¼ê¶ ÷ªì ÎÙÞœxÙ ö˺í£òÅ¡«ô³ù£dÙÞ¥
ÑÙåªÙC. Ú¥ñæ¨d î¦æ¨E â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L.
Ïí£±pè[ª ÷ªìÙ clause, phrase õ ÞœªJÙ#
êμõªú£ªÚÁò˺꟪û¦oÙ.
Before knowing about clauses and phrases
you should remember the six classes of verbs.
(6 ô¢Ú¥õ verbs Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L).
Clause:
A clause is a group of words with a verb. (Verb
ÑÙè˶ í£ë] ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clause ÍÙæ°Ùz.
eg: a) If he comes here
b) When he arrived here
c) I know the subject, etc.
Each group of words here has a verb. In
a) the verb is comes, in b) it is came and in c)
it is know. Such groups of words are clauses.
(Ïö°Ùæ¨ í£ë] ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clause ÍÙæ°Ù.z
Phrase:
A phrase is a group of words without a verb
(verb ö˶E í£ë]ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo phrase ÍÙæ°Ùz. eg: In
the evening, outside home, going out to dinner,
etc. In all these groups of words, there are no
verbs. Such groups of words are PHRASES.
There are two types of clauses s·ôÙè[ª ô¢Ú¥õ
clauses ÑÙæ°ô³.z: 1) The main clause and
holiday may also mean a long period of
time employees get in some companies for
a long time.
3) Men refers to all men, whereas a gentleman
refers to a person who has good behaviour.
A gentleman may sometimes refer to a per-
son of any kind of behaviour.
4) Going means going to a place, whereas,
heading means going to a particular place.
5) Shopping is buying things in a shop
whether you need them or don’t whereas
window shopping is looking at the show
cases in the shop and not buying anything.
S. Abdul Raqeeb, Kadapa
Q: Sir, please explain, what are the uses of
"Apostrophe" in English and where we
have to use it?
A: An apostrophe indicates somebody having
something. eg: John’s pen = Pen belong-
ing to John. In the case of a plural noun,
which ends with s, the apostrophe is used
after s. eg: Boys’ hostel = A hostel for
boys. In the case of men, women, children,
etc., where the plural does not end with s,
the apostrophe is placed before s. eg:
Men’s clothes. An apostrophe may also be
used sometimes where a letter is omitted.
eg: Do not = Don’t.
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
2) The subordinate clause.
A main clause is a clause with complete
meaning (í£²Jh Íô¦–Eoà¶a clause ìª main clause
ÍÙæ°Ù.z
eg: If he comes here, his mother will be happy.
Here there are two clauses: a) If he comes
here and b) his mother will be happy. In
these two clauses, ‘If he comes here,’ has
no complete meaning. This is a SUBOR-
DINATE CLAUSE. His mother will be
happy – this clause has complete meaning.
So this is a MAIN CLAUSE.
A phrase is a group of words without a
verb, washing clothes, outside the school, the
letter written by him – these are all groups of
words without verbs. So they are all phrases.
A conditional clause is a clause expressing
a condition sù£ô¢êŸªìª êμL›í clause ìª condi-
tional clause ÍÙæ°Ùz. Usually these clauses
begin with if, when, where, before, after etc.
Examples of conditional clauses:
a) If he comes here (ÍêŸEÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷›úh)
b) Where there is a will s÷ªìú£ªìo àÁåz
1. Intercept = to catch something or someone
before that thing or person reaches a partic-
ular place. sÞœ÷«uEÚ¨ îμü™x ÷³Ùë]ª ÖÚÛJE
ΛíóŸªè[Ùz eg: They intercepted the informa-
tion sent by the enemies to their friends.
` Intercept X Allow / forward sÍìª÷ªAÙàŸè[Ù/
í£Ùí‡ÙàŸè[Ùz eg: They allowed / forwarded the
message to reach the person who it was sent
to.
2. Curt = Appearing rude because of the very
brief answers a person gives sà¦ö° ÷³ÚÛhú£JÞ¥,
ÍÞ½ô¢÷ÙÞ¥ àμí£pè[Ùz. eg: The police officer
was very curt when we approached him for
information s÷³ Î ð¼Múà ÍCÅÚ¥JE
ÚÛõªú£ªÚÛªìoí£±pè[ª, ÎóŸªì ÷³ÚÛhú£JÞ¥, ÍÞ½ô¢÷ÙÞ¥
ú£÷«ëůû¦õª àμð§pè[ªz
2
Grammar & Usage
c) When he comes here sÍêŸEÚÛ\è…Ú¨
d) Before she goes there sÎîμª
÷#aìí£±pè[ªz
ÍÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü™x
÷³Ùë]ªz
e) After she comes here, etc. sÎîμª ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷#aì
êŸô¦yêŸz
IMPORTANT:
No future tense in the conditional clause
(ù£ô¢êŸªìª êμL›í clauses ö˺ future tense ÑÙè[ë]ªz.
That is, verbs in the clauses beginning with the
words above and expressing conditions cannot
be in the future tense. It means that we should
not use ‘will, shall’ in conditional clauses.
Examples:
1) Before she will go out she will finish all the
work (Wrong because, ‘Before she will go
out’ is a conditional clause, so the verb in it
should be in the present tense)
Correct: Before she goes out, she will finish
all the work.
2) If he will come here, his mother will be
happy (Wrong – W). If he comes here, his
mother will be happy (Right – R).
3) Unless he will know you, he will not talk to
you (W). Unless he knows you he will not
talk to you (R).
4) Only after the doctor will examine you, he
will prescribe medicines. (W). Only after
the doctor examines you he will prescribe
medicines (R).
5) Until the Chief Guest will come, the func-
tion will not begin (W). Until the Chief
Guest comes, the function will not begin
(R).
Ð Nù£óŸªÙ à¦ö° â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L.
VOCABULARY
` Curt X polite s÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥z. eg: The police
officer was very polite and helpful when we
wanted information from him about our
missing child.
3. Propagate = Spread a message, idea or
belief among a number of people sví£à¦ô¢Ù
à¶óŸªè[Ùz. eg: He propagated his religion
among the people in that village.
` Propagate X Conceal së¯àŸè[Ùz. eg: They
concealed the secret among themselves. sÎ
ô¢ï£°þ§uEo î¦üŒx ë]Þœ_¸ô ÑÙàŸªÚÛªû¦oô¢ªz
4. Repeal = (A government) Withdraw a rule
or a law sví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙ
à¶ú‡ì àŸæ°dEo
Ñí£ú£ÙJÙàŸªÚÁ÷è[Ùz. eg: After a long time,
the government repealed the law banning
betting on games.
` Repeal X Approval sÍìª÷ªAÙàŸè[Ùz. eg: The
government agreed to the approval of the
new law.
5. Sting = An insect causing a sharp pain by
biting a person s򴌻 î¶óŸªè[Ùz. eg:
Mosquitoes stung the child all over the
body, and the child fell ill.
` Sting X heal (ìóŸª÷ª÷è[Ù). eg: The doctor
healed the mosquito bite of the child.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 13  2018
T. Ramesh, Tadipatri
Q: ú£ôÂ,
ì÷ª›úh. Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨E êμõªÞœªö˺ êμLí‡, ÍN
vÞ¥÷ªôÂö˺ Ô ð§ôÂdÚÛª ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ#ìîËÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
1. To infinitive 2. Non- infinitive
3. Transitive 4. Intransitive
5. Predicate 6. Non – defining clause
A: Ð ‘to infinitive’ ÍÙç˶ to+1st Doing word:
ÏC finite verb Ú¥ë]ª, DEo non-finite verb
ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. ÍÙç˶ ÏC ÑìoÙêŸ ÷«vê¦ì î¦ÚÛuÙ
í£²ô¢h÷yë]ª. Ñë¯: to go, to come, to sing, etc.
DEÚ¨ ÷´è[ª Íô¦–õª ÷þ§hô³. az îμüŒxè[Ù, ô¦÷åÙ,
ð§è[åÙ etc.
eg: 1. a) To go there in the hot sun is difficult
= ÏÙêŸ ÓÙè[ö˺ ÍÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμüŒxè[Ù ÚÛù£dÙ.
b) îμü °xõE, Aû¦õE, àŸë]î¦õE: I want to go home
= û¶ìª ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îμü °xõE ÍìªÚÛªÙåªû¦oìª.
c) îμüŒxæ°EÚ¨, Aìæ°EÚ¨, àŸ«è[æ°EÚ¨. He came here
to meet me = ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍêŸìª ììªo ÚÛõ÷è¯EÚ¨
÷à¦aè[ª. H She came here to eat the cake =
Îîμª ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ¸ÚÚÛª Aû¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ÷#aÙC.
2. Non-infinitive Íû¶C ö˶ë]ª.
3. Transitive verb sÍÙç˶z object (ÚÛô¢t) Ñìo verb.
He bought a pen yesterday = ÍêŸìª Eìo
šíû ڕû¦oè[ª. ë¶Eo/ Ó÷JE ÍE ví£øŒo î¶ú£ªÚÛªÙç˶
ú£÷«ëůìÙ ÷à¶a verb ìª transitive verb
ÍÙæ°Ù. ë¶Eo Ú•û¦oè[ª? Íû¶ ví£øŒoÚÛª, šíû Íû¶
ú£÷«ëůìÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. ÏÚÛ\è[ Ð verb transitive.
Grammar & Usage
In the last lesson we have seen Tenses and
Conditional Clauses. Now we are going to see
voices, that is, active and passive voices.
(Ïí£±pè[ª ÷ªìÙ active, passive voices ÞœªJÙ#
êμõªú£ªÚÁò˺꟪û¦oÙ.) Except in imperative sen-
tences, a verb can be changed into passive
voice only if it has an object, that is, only if it
is a transitive verb (Îá‘õª, Ná‘í£±hõª ඛú î¦Ú¥uö˺x
êŸí£p ÷ªìÙ ÖÚÛ verb ìª active ìªÙ# passive ÚÛª
÷«ô¦aõÙç˶, ë¯EÚ¨ object (ÚÛô¢t) ÑÙè¯LqÙë¶. When
we change the voices of the verbs, we don’t
change the tense of the verb. Either in active
or in passive voice the tense remains the same.
(Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ voices õª ÖÚÛë¯E ìªÙ#
ÏÙÚÁ ë¯EÚ¨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ª, verb tenses ÷«ô¢aÙ)
In the active voice we say, somebody /
something does something, but in the passive
voice we say, something is done by somebody.
(Active voice ö˺ ÖÚÛô¢ª ÖÚÛ í£E à¶ø‹ô¢ª ÍE
S.No ACTIVE VOICE
1. I, we, you, they take/ he, she, it takes
2. I am taking / he, she, it is taking/
we, you, they are taking
3.
I, we, you, they have taken; He, she, it
has taken
4. Took
5. Was taking / were taking
6. Had taken
7. Will take / shall take
8. Will have taken / Shall have taken
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
G. Narmada, Peddapappuru
Q: þ§ôÂ, Ú¨Ùë] ›íô•\ìo î¦Ú¥uõÚÛª êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¢–Ù N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
1. Think critically (offer multiple points of view) to answer the ques-
tions the teacher asks you.
2. As you all know, your English textbook is student friendly and
interactive in nature.
A: 1. N÷ªô¢)û¦êŸtÚÛÙÞ¥ Îö˺#Ù# Oª æ©àŸô Íè…¸Þ ví£øŒoõÚÛª ú£÷«ëůìÙ Ï÷±y.
2. Oª ÍÙë]JÚ© êμLú‡ìåªd, Oª ÎÙÞœx ò˺ëÅ]û¦ í£±ú£hÚÛÙ Në¯uô¢ª–õÚÛª ú£EoêŸÙÞ¥,
í£ô¢ú£pô¢Ù àŸJaÙàŸªÚÛªû¶ ú£yòÅ°÷ÙêÁ ÑÙåªÙC.
Verb
ÑÙè˶ ú£÷³ë¯óŸªÙ..?
object (ÚÛô¢t) ö˶E verb ìª intransitive
ꑦ
verb ÍÙæ°Ù.
4) Intransitive verb ÍÙç˶ object (ÚÛô¢t) ö˶E verb.
eg: He came here yesterday. ÏÚÛ\è[ verb came =
÷à¦aè[ª. ë¶Eo ÷à¦aè[ª, Ó÷JE/ ë¶Eo Íû¶
ví£øŒoõÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ ú£÷«ëůìÙ ô¦ë]ª. ÍÙë]ªÚÛE
come intransitive verb.
5) Predicate ÍÙç˶ sentence ö˺ subject ìª B›úú‡ì
êŸô¦yêŸ NªÞœê¦ òÅ°Þ¥Eo predicate ÍÙæ°Ù.
eg: Rama killed Ravana. Ð î¦ÚÛuÙö˺, Rama
Íû¶C ú£òËμbÚÛªd, ÓÙë]ªÚÛÙç˶ sentence ‘Rama’ ìª
ÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦Ù. Ú¥ñæ¨d. Killed Ravana Íû¶
sentence òŰޜ٠predicate.
6) A non-defining relative clause: clause ÍÙç˶
êμõªú£ª ÚÛë¯? Verb ÑÙè˶ ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clause
ÍÙæ°Ù. ÖÚÛ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ Íë]ìí£± ú£÷«à¦ô¢Ù Ï÷yE
clause ìª non-defining relative clause
ÍÙæ°Ù.
eg: My grandfather, who is 65 years old, goes
swimming every day. ÏÚÛ\è[ ‘who is sixty
five years old’ Íû¶C non-defining relative
clause – ÓÙë]ªÚÛÙç˶ Ð clause ìª B›úú‡û¦,
î¦ÚÛuÙ Íô¦–EÚ¨ šíë]Ì ìù£dÙ ÑÙè[ë]ª.
àμñªê¦Ù, Ú¥F passive voice ö˺ ÖÚÛJà¶êŸ ÖÚÛí£E
à¶óŸªñè…ÙC ÍE àμñªê¦Ù) We have already seen
that if the verb is a ‘be’ form + Past participle
(V3), it is in the passive voice. In all other
cases it is in the active voice. It is important for
you to remember that only verbs with objects
(except in imperative sentences – sentences
giving orders, permissions, etc.) have passive
voices. Look at the following table: (÷³ÜuÙÞ¥
Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ: Îá‘õª, Nìoð§õª êμL›í
î¦Ú¥uö˺x êŸí£p, NªÞœê¦ î¦Ú¥uö˺x verb ÚÛª ÚÛô¢t ÑÙç˶û¶,
passive voice ÑÙåªÙC. í£æ¨dÚÛìª àŸ«è[Ùè….z
Please note that present perfect continu-
ous (has / have been taking), past perfect con-
tinuous (had been taking), future continuous
(will / shall be taking) and future perfect con-
tinuous tenses (will have been taking / shall
have been taking) do not have passive voices.
Remember this table accurately. It will
be very useful for you. We will continue voic-
es in the next lesson.
PASSIVE VOICE
(I) Am taken (He/ she/ it) is taken/
(we/ you/ they/) are taken
I am being taken / He, she, it is being taken
/we, you, they are being taken
I, we, you and they have been taken /
He, she, it has been taken
Was taken / were taken
(I, he, she, it) was being taken / (we, you,
they) were being taken
Had been taken (For all subjects)
Will be taken / shall be taken (all subjects)
Will have been taken / shall have been
taken (All subjects)
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
991
Vasu Dev
Q: Sir, please explain about the following
words in English.
a) à¶óŸ«LqÙC/ à¶óŸ«LqÙC Ú¥ë]ª
b) ÑÙè¯LqÙC/ ÑÙè¯LqÙC Ú¥ë]ª
c) ô¦î¦LqÙC/ ô¦î¦LqÙC Ú¥ë]ª
d) îμü °xLqÙC/ îμü °xLqÙC Ú¥ë]ª
for example 1) û¶ìª college Ú¨ îμRx ÑÙè¯LqÙC
2) û¶ìª college ö˺ ÑÙè¯LqÙC Ú¥ë]ª
3) î¦è[ª îμü °xLqÙC Ú¥ë]ª movie Ú¨
A: a) He should have done it / He should not
have done it.
VOCABULARY
1. Deficit = Money spent is more than the
money received (Ú•ô¢êŸ).
eg: I am facing a deficit of more than
Rs10,000/- for buying that car.
F Deficit X Surplus (Íë]ìÙ) = More money
than is needed.
eg: He has a lot of surplus money that he
does not know how to spend.
2. Sanctity = Holiness (í£NvêŸêŸ).
eg: They spoiled the sanctity of the temple
by throwing pieces of meat in it.
F Sanctity X Impiety (òÅ¡Ú¨hö˶EêŸìÙ).
eg: They disregard God as they are full of
impiety.
3. Tempt = Attract a person to do something
evil (ví£ö˺òÅ¡šíådè[Ù).
eg: The group of drinking people tempted
him also to drink and he gave in
(Öí£±pÚÁ÷åÙ)
F Tempt X Resist (EôÁCÅÙàŸè[Ù).
eg: He resisted the offer of a drink as he
does not drink at all.
4. Boast = Talk highly of oneself / feeling
proud of oneself (êŸ÷ªìª ÞœªJÙ# ê¦î¶ª Þ•í£põª
àμí£±pÚÁ÷è[Ù).
eg: He boasts a lot of his ability to do great
things.
2
Writer
- M. Suresan
b) It should have been here / it should not
have been here
c) It should have come/It should not have
come.
d) He / she / it should have gone / He / she /
it should not have gone.
eg: 1) I should have gone /I should not have
gone to the college
2. He should not have gone to the movie.
G. Bhargav, Mallapuram
Q: Sir, please translate the following into
Telugu with some examples.
1. Literary devices: Tools used by the author to
enliven and provide voice to the writing. Eg:
dialogue, alliteration
A: Device means a method of doing some-
thing. Literary device means a method of
doing something in literature (þ§ï‡°êŸuÙö˺
î¦è˶ í£ë]ÌÄ꟪õìª literary devices ÍÙæ°Ù). Two
of the devices used by writers are to enliv-
en their writing (vÞœÙëÇ] ô¢àŸô³êŸõª êŸ÷ª
ô¢àŸìõÚÛª @÷Ù ÚÛLpÙà¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]ÌÄ꟪õìª
î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª). Dialogue = û¦åÚÛÙö˺ޥF, ì÷õö˺x
Þ¥F ð§vêŸõ ÷ªëÅ]u ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éìª dialogue ÍÙæ°Ù.
Alliteration: Using words that begin with
the same sound. (Ö¸Ú øŒñÌÄÙêÁ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡÷ªó¶ªu
÷«åõìª î¦è[åÙ alliteration ÍÙæ°Ù) Eg:
Round and round the rugged rascal ran. You
see here that all the words begin with the
sound ‘r’ – this is a figure of speech (ÍõÙÚ¥ô¢Ù)
called alliteration.
F Boast X Modesty ( Eô¦è[Ùñô¢êŸyÙ).
eg: He is quite modest though he is great.
5. Hike = Walk about (for pleasure or exer-
cise) (It has other meanings too) (ú£ô¢ë¯Þ¥ ÖÚÛ
àÁæ¨Ú¨ ìè…# îμüŒxè[Ù).
eg: During holidays he and his friend hiked
to the mountains.
F Hike X Halt.
eg: After hiking for a long distance, they
halted at a hotel.
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 20  2018
992
M. Kamu, Thimmanacheruvu
Q: Sir, please explain about Phonetics with
Telugu examples and let me know the
points to remember while changing from
Active Voice to Passive Voice. sóŸ«Ú¨dîËÂ
î¦ô³úà ìªÙ# ð§ú‡îË î¦ô³úÃö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ª
Ôó¶ª ÍÙø‹õª Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L?z
A: Please wait for some time for explanation
of phonetics. Active and passive voice are
being explained now.
Q: Ú¨ÙC í£ë¯õÚÛª Íô¦–õª N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
Kip
Zen
A: Kip = 1) the hide (skin) of a young animal
2) sleep or a nap
3) weight equal to 1000 pounds
4) a dirty place
Zen = No meaning for this. A kind of
Buddhism followed by the Japanese.
Q: î¦ô¢ª î¦ìö˺ êŸè…ú‡ð¼óŸ«ô¢ª - Please say in
English.
A: They were drenched in rain.
M. Sunanda
Q: Hello sir, I am Sunanda doing my BTech.
Now I am going to 3rd year. I didn't have at
least basic communication skills. From 3rd
year 1st sem, I have English lab there I
should participate in all tasks like, Group
discussions, JAMs, Seminars, so that, I
must need to improve my skills sir. Please
help me to learn English sir. If it is possi-
ble, please provide notes and suggestions.
Actually, I love to learn English. I am from
Telugu medium background.
A: First of all understand the difference
between I don’t have and I didn’t have. I
don’t have = Now you don’t have. I didn’t
have = you did not have it in the past. Now
to improve your English language skills,
first start reading the news paper (English)
for at least 30 minutes. Secondly listen to
English News Telecasts once in the morn-
ing, and once in the evening. While read-
ing the English Newspaper do not look up
the dictionary for meanings. After complet-
ing reading the news paper if you remem-
ber any words refer to the dictionary for
their meanings. Same is the case with TV
news telecasts too. Look up the dictionary
only after listening to them. Read short sto-
ries too. This is the best way for you to
learn English.
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Srinivas K
Q: Dear sir, I've heard the below sentence in cricket commentary.
'All he can do is to watch sail over'.
My question is what kind of sentence is this?
Please explain it broadly.
A: The sentence is incorrect.
H ‘The correct sentence is: All he can do is to sail over = All he can
do is to overcome the trouble, that is, ‘All he can do is to succeed
over the trouble.’ þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
ÏÙTxùÃö˺ cÞœõÞœõe ÑÙè[ë¯...?
K. Viswanath, Hosagudem
VOCABULARY Writer Q: ú£ôÂ, ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Q êŸô¦yêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ U î¦è¯ö°?
Q êŸô¦yêŸ U ö˶E í£ë¯õª ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ñû¦oóŸ«?
1. Saucy = Rude and showing no respect - M. Suresan A: As far as English is concerned, strictly
sÍ÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ ví£÷ô¢hìz speaking, there are no native English
eg: He behaves in a saucy manner and people words, in which ‘q’ is not followed by ‘u’.
hate him for that. In certain games like Scrabble, however,
‘q’ is not followed by ‘u’.
Saucy X Polite (÷ªô¦uë] Ñìo).
Q: ú£ôÂ, ÞœõÞœõ, àŸÚÛàŸÚÛ, êŸüŒêŸüŒ ö°Ùæ¨ í£ë¯õÚÛª
eg: In spite of her high position, she is very
polite and respects everybody. ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ ú£·ôjì Íìªî¦ë¯õª ÑÙæ°óŸ«? Ïö°Ùæ¨
2. Offspring = a person’s children (singular – î¦æ¨E ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ô÷ªÙæ°ô¢ª?
offspring, plural also offspring - ú£ÙêŸA) A: Gala, gala (ÞœõÞœõ) in Telugu can be rough-
ly translated into English as a rattling
eg: The couple has two offspring
sound. Chakaa, chakaa, means very fast
Offspring X parent / forefather. sêŸLxë]Ùvè[ªõª,
and brisk. Thala, thala (êŸüŒ, êŸüŒ) in English
í£²KyÚÛªõªz is glittering. However, there are no repeti-
eg: He/ she is the parent of the three offspring. tive sounds for them.
3. Expertise = Having or showing a lot of Q: A, E, I, O, U ö˶E í£ë¯õª Ú•EoÙæ¨E êμõí£Ùè….
knowledge of something sÖÚÛ Nù£óŸªÙ ÞœªJÙ# eg: She was full of joy at her son’s success in
A: The words which do not have a,e,i,o and u
the exam.
ò°Þ¥ êμLú‡ ÑÙè[åÙz are, by, lynx, dry, fly, fry, cry, pry, gym,
eg: His expertise in handling the machines is 5. Dank = (especially of buildings) wet and
bala.potti1964@gmail.com
unbeatable. cold (÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ òÅ¡÷û¦õ Nù£óŸªÙ – êŸè…Þ¥, àŸLÞ¥
Q: Sir, ôÁù£Ù - what it is called in English?
Expertise X Ineptitude (lack of skill) sûμjí£±éuÙ ÑÙè[åÙz.
eg: The building being near the sea was dank î¦è…Ú¨ ôÁù£Ù ÓÚÛª\÷ n Please translate into
English.
ö˶EêŸìÙz
4. Grief = Sorrow (ë]ªlÜÙ). and unpleasant.
A: Anger, wrath, irritation – these are the
eg: The death of her son put her to great grief Dank X Dry (ð»è…Þ¥ ÑÙè[åÙz.
words for ôÁù£Ù. He has too much of irrita-
Grief X Joy (ú£ÙêÁù£Ù). eg: The building was clean and dry.
tion.
Grammar & Usage
In the last lesson we have seen the active
and passive forms of a verb. We have also
noticed that when we change the voice of a
verb, the tense does not change.
Now we are going to see some examples of
change of voice of the verb.
Note: A statement / question / order / excla-
mation in Active voice has the same type of
sentence in the Passive voice too. Look at the
Order: Active voice following: Order: Passive Voice
S.No Type of sentence ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. Present simple: I/ we/ you/ they eat an apple every day. An apple is eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/ her/
Statement He/ she/ it eats an apple every day. it every day.
Present Continuous I am, he/ she/ it is, we/ you/they are eating an apple now An apple is being eaten by me/ her/ it/ us/ you/ them now
Present Perfect I/ we/ you/ they have eaten an apple; An apple has been eaten by me/ us/ them/ him/ her /it.
he/ she/ it has eaten an apple
2. Question Do I/ we/ you/ they eat an apple every day? Is an apple eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/ her/
Does he/ she/ it eat an apple every day? it every day?
3. Order Eat that apple. Let the apple be eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ he/ she/ it
4. Exclamation How many apples I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ How many apples are eaten by me/ you/ him/
they eat every day! her/ it/ us/ them!
5. Past Simple I/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they ate an apple last night An apple was eaten by me/ him/ her/ it/ us/ you/ them
last night.
6. Past continuous I/ he/ she/ it was eating an apple, An apple was being eaten by me/ us/ them/
we/ you/ they were eating an apple last night him/ her/ last night.
7. Past Perfect I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it/ had eaten An apple had been eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/
an apple last night her/ it last night.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 27  2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
A. Nagarjuna, Narpala
Q: Sir, we are pride to be an Indians – Is this correct?
A: This is wrong. The correct form is: We are proud to be Indians.
993 Q: Sir, voiced, voiceless letters ÍÙç˶ ÔNªæ¨? ÍN ÔN? N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
A: Voiced consonants are consonants which when we pronounce we
add voice to them. eg: b, d, g are voiced consonants.
Voiceless consonants are those which when we pronounce we don’t
add voice to them. eg: k, ch, t, etc. þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Murder is killing somebody for..

Mastan Vali
Q: Sir, could you please explain about kinds of
phrases?
A: A phrase is a group of words without a
verb. There are 8 kinds of phrases. They
are...
1) Noun phrases. eg: The confused student, the
unfortunate girl, the beautiful building.
2) The verb phrases: eg: Waiting for the sun to
set, upset when his friend did not meet him,
enjoy the dinner, etc.
3) Gerund (verbal noun) phrase: eg: Taking out
my son for a walk, having a dinner at a
restaurant, etc.
4) Infinitive phrases: To go home, to watch a
movie, etc.
5) Appositive phrases: eg: My father, a doctor,
My daughter, my beloved,
6) Participial phrases: eg: Walking stick,
washed clothes, serving all the people there.
7) Prepositional phrases: eg: On the table, at
school, by now, etc.
8. Absolute phrases: picnic basket, his fingers
hurt, his shirt torn, etc.
These are the different kinds of phrases.
However, to be able to talk English freely, you
need not know all these things.
M. Surya Gangeya, Oteru
Q: Respected sir, please explain the
differences with details for the following
words.
1) Home - House
2) Advice - Suggestion
3) Murder - Assassination
4) Advocate - Lawyer
5) Airport - Aerodrome
6) Cinema talkies - Cinema Theatre
7) Cycle - Bicycle
8) Lady – Woman
A: 1) Home is a place where you live with
your family. eg: My books are at home.
H A house is any building where people live,
or business is done.
2) Advice is stronger than suggestion. When
you advise someone, you tell them strongly
to do something. But when you suggest
something, you tell them to do something
and leave it at that.
3) Murder is killing somebody for personal
reasons. Assassination is a murder for polit-
ical reasons. eg: Nathuram Godse assassi-
nated Gandhi.
4) Very little between the two. A lawyer is one
who has studied law and takes up cases. An
advocate on the other hand is a lawyer who
argues on behalf of his client, and supports
him.
5) No difference between the two. Old usage is
aerodrome, and new usage is airport.
6) Cinema actually refers to the film which is
shown in a theatre/ hall. A Cinema talkies/
a cinema theatre is where cinemas are
shown.
7) No difference between the two.
8) Any ordinary woman is a woman. A lady, on
the other hand, is a highly respectable lady,
coming from an upper class family.
However, the difference is gradually disap-
pearing.
Venkataramana Vadla
Q: Sir please give the meanings and examples
of the following phrases:
1) So far as may be
2) While doing so
3) In such manner as may be prescribed
4) By any refusal of
A: 1) Limiting the provisions of law to certain
cases (So far as may be, he may be, his
property may be taken over).
2) While doing something in a particular man-
ner
eg: While doing so, he was knocked down
by a lorry.
3) In a way somebody decides (This must be
done as the court may decide)
4) Not agreeing to do something (eg: By his
refusal to follow the court order, he was put
in jail).

VOCABULARY Grammar & Usage

1. Visible = Able to be seen sàŸ«è[ÞœLTìz
eg: The hill is visible from the third storey
of my home. s÷« ÏÙæ¨ ÷´èÁ ÍÙêŸú£ªh
ìªÙ# Î Ú•Ùè[ ÚÛEí‡ú£ªhÙCz
Visible X Invisible (Not seen – àŸ«è[ö˶E/
ÚÛìí£è[Ez
eg: God is invisible. së¶÷±è[ª ÚÛEí‡ÙàŸè[ªz
2. Audible = Able to be heard sNEí‡Ùà¶z
eg: The teacher’s voice is very audible, so
the students like him a lot sÎ æ©àŸôÂ
Þ•Ù꟪ ò°Þ¥ NEí‡ú£ªhÙC, ÍÙë]ªÚÛE Në¯uô¢ª–õª
ÎóŸªìªo Ïù£dí£è[ê¦ô¢ªz
Audible X Inaudible (Not heard - NEí‡ÙàŸEz
eg: The teacher’s voice is inaudible, and
the students keep making noises in the
class. sÎ æ©àŸô ޕÙ꟪ Nìí£è[ë]ª, ÍÙë]ªÚÛE
Në¯uô¢ª–õª Ú¥xú£ªö˺ Þ•è[÷ à¶ú£ªhÙæ°ô¢ªz
3. Conspicuous = Noticeable (in a way that
is not wanted – ví£ú£ªpÄåÙÞ¥ ÚÛEí‡Ùà¶, Íô³ê¶
Íö° ÚÛEí‡ÙàŸè[Ù Ïù£dÙ ÑÙè[ë]ªz.
eg: He was conspicuous on the stage,
though his presence was not needed
there. sÍêŸè[ª ô¢ÙÞœú£–õÙ Oªë] ú£pù£dÙÞ¥
ÚÛEí‡þ§hè[ª, ÍêŸè… ÑEÚ¨ ÍÚÛ\è[ Í÷ú£ô¢Ù
ö˶ÚÛð¼ô³û¦z
Conspicuous X Hidden së¯Tì/ ÚÛìí£è[Ez
eg: He was hidden behind the curtains as
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
he knew he would be arrested
sÍêŸè[ª
Í·ôú£ªd à¶óŸªñè[ê¦è[ª Ú¥ñæ¨d êμô¢ îμìÚÛ
ë¯ÚÛª\û¦oè[ªz
4. Ruffian = A violent, wild and unpleasant
person sîμ«åªÞ¥, ë]ªô¦tô¢_ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè˶ ÷uÚ¨hz.
eg: The people in that area are mostly ruf-
fians sÎ vð§ÙêŸÙö˺ Ñìo ví£áõª à¦ö°÷ªÙC
ë]ªô¦tô¢ª_ö˶z
Ruffian X A good person s÷ªÙ#î¦üŒ‰xz
eg: This class is full of good boys and girls.
sÐ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ò°õªô¢ª, ò°LÚÛõª ÷ªÙ#î¦ü™xz
5. Prevent = Stop something from happening
sÔëμjû¦ áô¢ÞœÚÛªÙè¯ Íè[“TÙàŸè[Ùz
eg: The doctor’s timely arrival prevented
the patient from dying sè¯ÚÛdô ú£÷ªóŸ«EÚ¨
ô¦÷è[Ù ÍêŸè…E à¦÷± ìªÙ# Íè[“TÙ#ÙCz
Prevent X Allow sú£÷ªtAÙàŸè[Ùz
eg: The father allowed his sons to buy the
toys. sî¦üŒx û¦ìo î¦üŒxìª Îå ÷ú£ªh÷±õª
Ú•û¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ú£÷ªtAÙà¦è[ªz.
Writer
- M. Suresan
In the last lesson we have seen the trans-
formation of verbs into passive voice in the
present and the past tenses. s÷ªìÙ Ú¨Ùë]æ¨
ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ present tense, past tense õìª passive
voice ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù àŸ«ø‹Ù.z Now we are going
to see the transformation of verbs in the future
tense sÏí£±pè[ª future tense verbs ìª passive
voice ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù àŸ«è[ò˺꟪û¦oÙz.
ALWAYS REMEMBER: When we change
the voices of verbs, the tense and the form of
the sentence does not change (statement, ques- Remember: The future continuous and the
future perfect continuous tenses do not have
tion, order, and exclamation). sÏC
passive voices. (Future continuous tense ÚÛª,
Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁ÷è[Ù à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ: ÷ªìÙ verb õìª
future perfect continuous tense ÚÛª passive voice
active ìªÙ# passive ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ª î¦æ¨ tens-
es ÷«ô¢÷±. ·ôÙèÁC, î¦æ¨ structure, ÍÙç˶ state- ÑÙè[ë]ªz. Also remember: that in the present day
ment, question, order, exclamation – Ïî¶Oª English, not much difference is made between
‘will’ and ‘shall’. sví£ú£ªhêŸ ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ will ÚÛª, shall
÷«ô¢÷±z.
Now, let us look at the change of voices in ÚÛª, ÍÙêŸÞ¥ ê¶è¯ ð§æ¨ÙàŸè[Ù ö˶ë]ª n ÓÚÛª\÷ àÁåx
the future tenses sÏí£±pè[ª future tenses ìª active will û¶ î¦è[ªêŸªû¦oô¢ª). Now look at the following
table:
ìªÙ# passive ö˺ڨ Óö° ÷«ô¦aö˺ àŸ«ë¯ÌÙ.z
S.No TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. Future Simple I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they will It will be done/ shall be done
do/ shall do it. by me/ you/ us/ him/ her/ it/ them
sû¶ìª/ ÷³/ ìª÷±y/ Oªô¢ª/ ÍêŸè[ª/ sÍC û¦ à¶êŸ/ F à¶êŸ/ ÷« à¶êŸ/ ÍêŸè…
Îîμª/ ÍC/ î¦ô¢ª à¶þ§hô¢ªz à¶êŸ/ Îîμª à¶êŸ/ ë¯E à¶êŸ à¶óŸªñè[ªêŸªÙC
n òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺z
2. Future Perfect I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they It will /shall have been done by
will have done/ shall have done it me/ us/ you/ him/ her/ it
sû¶ìª/ ÷³/ ìª÷±y/ Oªô¢ª/ Îîμª/ sÍC û¦ à¶êŸ/ F à¶êŸ/ Oª à¶êŸ/÷« à¶êŸ/
ÍêŸè[ª/ ÍC à¶óŸªñè… ÑÙåªÙC n ÍêŸè… à¶êŸ/ Îîμª à¶êŸ/ë¯E à¶êŸ/ ÷ªì
òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺z à¶êŸ/ î¦üŒx à¶êŸ à¶óŸªñè… ÑÙåªÙC.
òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺ ÷ªìÙ ÍìªÚÛªìo ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺z
So you have seen how the future simple and the future perfect tenses are changed into
passive voice. Oæ¨E ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁÙè….