Ring Documentation, Release 1.

// -----------------------------------
// MENUS
// -----------------------------------

func processMenuStatus

status = glutEventStatus()

if status = GLUT_MENU_IN_USE
menuFlag = 1
else
menuFlag = 0
ok

func processMainMenu

// nothing to do in here
// all actions are for submenus

func processFillMenu

option = glutEventValue()

switch option

on C_FILL
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_FILL)
on C_LINE
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE)
off

func processFontMenu

option = glutEventValue()

switch (option) {
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13
font = GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15
font = GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10
font = GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24
font = GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10
font = GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12
font = GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12
on C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18
font = GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18
off

func processColorMenu

option = glutEventValue()

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switch option
on C_RED
red = 1.0
green = 0.0
blue = 0.0
on C_GREEN
red = 0.0
green = 1.0
blue = 0.0
on C_BLUE
red = 0.0
green = 0.0
blue = 1.0
on C_ORANGE
red = 1.0
green = 0.5
blue = 0.5
off

func createPopupMenus

fontMenu = glutCreateMenu(:processFontMenu)

glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_8_BY_13 ",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_9_BY_15",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10 ",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_HELVETICA_10 ",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_HELVETICA_12",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12 )
glutAddMenuEntry("BITMAP_HELVETICA_18",C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18 )

fillMenu = glutCreateMenu(:processFillMenu)

glutAddMenuEntry("Fill",C_FILL)
glutAddMenuEntry("Line",C_LINE)

colorMenu = glutCreateMenu(:processColorMenu)
glutAddMenuEntry("Red",C_RED);
glutAddMenuEntry("Blue",C_BLUE);
glutAddMenuEntry("Green",C_GREEN);
glutAddMenuEntry("Orange",C_ORANGE);

mainMenu = glutCreateMenu(:processMainMenu)

glutAddSubMenu("Polygon Mode", fillMenu)

glutAddSubMenu("Color", colorMenu)
glutAddSubMenu("Font",fontMenu)
// attach the menu to the right button
glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON)

// this will allow us to know if the menu is active

glutMenuStatusFunc(:processMenuStatus)

// -----------------------------------
// MAIN
// -----------------------------------

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func main

// init GLUT and create window

glutInit()
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test - 9 SnowMan")

// register callbacks
glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)

glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1)
glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys)
glutSpecialFunc(:pressKey)
glutSpecialUpFunc(:releaseKey)

// here are the two new functions

glutMouseFunc(:mouseButton)
glutMotionFunc(:mouseMove)

// OpenGL init
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)

// init Menus
createPopupMenus()

// enter GLUT event processing cycle

glutMainLoop()

Screen Shots:
The First screen shot

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The Second screen shot

55.15 Make a Cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT

Example:
load "freeglut.ring"
load "opengl21lib.ring"

// ----------------------------------------------------------

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 Ring Documentation, Release 1.6

// Global Variables
// ----------------------------------------------------------
rotate_y=0
rotate_x=0

// ----------------------------------------------------------
// display() Callback function
// ----------------------------------------------------------
func display

// Clear screen and Z-buffer

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

// Reset transformations
glLoadIdentity()

// Rotate when user changes rotate_x and rotate_y

glRotatef( rotate_x, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
glRotatef( rotate_y, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )

//Multi-colored side - FRONT

glBegin(GL_POLYGON)

glColor3f( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, -0.5 ) # P1 is red

glColor3f( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, -0.5 ) # P2 is green
glColor3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, -0.5 ) # P3 is blue
glColor3f( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, -0.5 ) # P4 is purple

glEnd()

// White side - BACK

glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glColor3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glEnd()

// Purple side - RIGHT

glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glColor3f( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glEnd()

// Green side - LEFT

glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glColor3f( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, -0.5 )
glEnd()

// Blue side - TOP

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glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glColor3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 )
glEnd()

// Red side - BOTTOM

glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glColor3f( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, -0.5 )
glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, 0.5 )
glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, -0.5 )
glEnd()

glFlush()
glutSwapBuffers()

// ----------------------------------------------------------
// specialKeys() Callback Function
// ----------------------------------------------------------
func specialKeys

key = glutEventKey()

// Right arrow - increase rotation by 5 degree

switch Key

on GLUT_KEY_RIGHT
rotate_y += 5

// Left arrow - decrease rotation by 5 degree

on GLUT_KEY_LEFT
rotate_y -= 5

on GLUT_KEY_UP
rotate_x += 5

on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
rotate_x -= 5

off

// Request display update

glutPostRedisplay()

// ----------------------------------------------------------
// main() function
// ----------------------------------------------------------
func main

// Initialize GLUT and process user parameters

glutInit()

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// Request double buffered true color window with Z-buffer

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH)

// Create window
glutCreateWindow("Awesome Cube")

// Enable Z-buffer depth test

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

// Callback functions
glutDisplayFunc(:display)
glutSpecialFunc(:specialKeys)

// Pass control to GLUT for events

glutMainLoop()

// Return to OS

Screen Shot:

55.15. Make a Cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT 569

 CHAPTER

FIFTYSIX

USING RINGOPENGL AND RINGALLEGRO FOR 3D GRAPHICS

In this chapter we will learn about using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro

56.1 3D Cube and Texture

Source Code:
# Load Libraries
load "gamelib.ring" # RingAllegro Library
load "opengl21lib.ring" # RingOpenGL Library

#==============================================================
# To Support MacOS X
al_run_main()
func al_game_start # Called by al_run_main()
main() # Now we call our main function
#==============================================================

func main

new GraphicsApp {
start()
}

class GraphicsApp from GraphicsAppBase

TITLE = "Ring Cube"

bitmap texture

xrot = 0.0
yrot = 0.0
zrot = 0.0

func loadresources

bitmap = al_load_bitmap("ring.bmp")
texture = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap)

func destroyResources

al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)

570
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func drawScene

w = 800 h = 600
ratio = w / h

glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()

gluPerspective(45,ratio,1,100)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
glClearDepth(1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-5.0)

glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0)
glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0)
glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0)

glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)

glBegin(GL_QUADS)
// Front Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
// Back Face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
// Top Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
// Bottom Face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
// Right face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)

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// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glEnd()

xrot += 0.3
yrot += 0.2
zrot += 0.4

class GraphicsAppBase

display event_queue ev timeout

timer redraw = true

FPS = 60

SCREEN_W = 800
SCREEN_H = 600

KEY_UP = 1
KEY_DOWN = 2
KEY_LEFT = 3
KEY_RIGHT = 4

Key = [false,false,false,false]

TITLE = "Graphics Application"

func start

SetUp()
loadResources()
eventsLoop()
destroy()

func setup

al_init()
al_init_image_addon()
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_display_event_source(display))
ev = al_new_allegro_event()
timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
al_start_timer(timer)
al_install_mouse()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,

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