IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems

ICIIECS’15

The Survey of Various Techniques & Algorithms for

SMS Security
Shraddha N Karale1 Kalyani Pendke2 Prashant Dahiwale3
M-Tech Scholar Assistant Professor Associate Professor
shraddha.karale1306@gmail.com pendke@gmail.com prashant.dahiwale@gmail.com.

Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Research1,2,3

Nagpur, India

Abstract—Now days, Message authentication is an important
security tool. But, without some security mechanism, it is difficult
to send data in secure manner. Most popular shortest and
cheapest textual form of communication is short message service
(SMS). Cryptography is the one of the main categories of
computer security that converts information from its normal
form into an unreadable form by using Encryption and
Decryption Techniques. To ensure the security of the texts which
is sent, many encryption algorithm are available. This paper will
focus on message security and to secure the text data while
transmitting in the network. The data which is to be transmitted
from sender to receiver in the network must be encrypted using
the encrypted algorithm. ). Symmetric key algorithm reduces the
problem of computational overhead and to the calculation of
algorithm and improves the performance of encryption. The
proposed paper is to provide more efficient authentication
mechanisms for textual data. The proposed review paper
presents a review of security techniques for SMS and a
performance comparison between most common encryption
algorithms like DES, 3DES, RC4, Blowfish and AES (Rijndael)
Keywords— DES,3DES,RC4,Blowfish, AES
I. INTRODUCTION
Computer Networks Security (CNS) is becoming more
important because of increasing demand for internet based
technologies. The increase in user’s privacy concerns is
related to the increasing use of the internet. Various types of
tools have been exists to make message communications
simpler and faster. Mobile technology is mostly preferred by
many mobile users. Short message service (SMS) will play an
important role in the future business areas, which are
popularly known as mobile banking, governmental use, and
daily life communication. SMS has become a popular wireless
service throughout the world. The majority of SMS are
sending and receiving important data known as private data.
SMS techniques suffer from some problems such as
vulnerabilities, eavesdroppers and unauthorized access [1]. In
some cases, this data may also include very private
information reserved for the personal viewing of the legal
recipient. Unprotected communication poses serious security
vulnerabilities. Efficient authentication used to protect the
mobile subscribers from the undesirable communication
attacks during the message transmission. The main goal of
security mechanism is to provide message privacy that
guarantees provision of confidentiality, integrity and non
repetition of data [2]. The main feature of network security is
to provide efficient authentication for data by using
cryptographic techniques. There are some important terms are
used to secure private information.
1) Encryption
It requires encryption algorithm and key. To encrypt more
data, symmetric encryption is used. A symmetric key is used
for both the encryption and decryption processes.
2) Decryption
It requires decryption algorithm and key. It is the process
of taking encoded or encrypted text or other data and
converting it back into text that you or the computer are able
to read and understand. This method could be used to
description of un-encrypting the data manually or with un-
encrypting the data using the proper codes or keys.
3) Key
Key is the combination of numeric and alphanumeric text
symbols . Key plays an important role in security mechanism
like cryptography. Encryption algorithm depends on key.
4) Plain Text
Communication between two sides by using original
message is called as Plain Text.
4) Cipher Text
The message which cannot be understood by any
unauthenticated person. This cipher text is formed from plain
text.
5) Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryptions
There are two main categories of cryptography depending
on keys used to encryption and decryption of the data. There
are two main categories. They are Asymmetric and Symmetric
encryption techniques. But this paper describes only
symmetric algorithm techniques.
A) Asymmetric Encryption
It is also called as public key cryptography. In this
encryption user uses two different keys for encryption that is
public and private key. Private Key is used for decryption and
this key is known to user. The public and the private keys are

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 IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems
ICIIECS’15
related to Each other. In other words, data encrypted by one
public key can be encrypted only by its corresponding private
key [2].
Fig: Asymmetric Encryption
B) Symmetric Encryption
It is also called as single key cryptography. It uses only
one key for encryption and decryption. Receiver and the
Sender have to agree upon a single secret key in encryption
process. Given plaintext and the key, encryption produces no
readable data, which is about the same length as that of
plaintext. Decryption is the reverse of encryption, and uses the length is measured in bits.
same key as encryption [2].
Fig: Symmetric Encryption
Cryptography is used to achieve some goals.
1) Confidentiality
Confidentiality of data is maintained by using
encryption. In encryption algorithms plain text is converting
into cipher text and in decryption algorithm cipher text convert
back to plain text for ensuring data remains secrete.
Symmetric algorithms use the same key for encryption and
decryptions known as Symmetric algorithms while in
asymmetric algorithms use different keys for decryption.
These keys are known as private and public keys.
2) Data Integrity
To ensure the data is protected from accidental
modifications. Integrity is maintained by using message
authentication codes or hashes. A fixed length numeric value
derived from a sequence of data is called hash value. This
values are used to verify the integrity of data sent through
insecure channels. The comparison between hash value of
received data to the hash value of the data as it was sent to
determine if the data was altered.
3) Authentication
In network security, authentication plays an important role.
The main objective of an authentication system is to guarantee
that only the authenticate users have access to the network
services. Authentication should be fast enough to support user
mobility. The process of proving one's identity. This means
that the system is used before sending and receiving data
using, the identity of receiver and sender should be verified.
This paper presents a comparison between the most common
and used symmetric key algorithms in the data encryption field.
4) Symmetric Algorithm Crieterias
Symmetric algorithm is depending on some criteria’s such as
architecture, security, Flexibility, Scalability and limitations
[5].
a) Architecture: It defines the structure and operations that an
algorithm can perform and its characteristics and how they are
implemented and also how encryption and decryption is
perform.
b) Security: Security of an encryption algorithm mainly
depends on the key size used to execute the encryption.
Generally keys size is greater encryption is stronger. Key
c) Flexibility: Defines whether the algorithm is able to endure
minor modifications according to the requirements.
d) Scalability: It is one of the major element on which
encryption algorithms can be analyzed. Scalability of data
depends on certain parameters such as Memory Usage,
Encryption rate, Software hardware performance;
Computational efficiency.
E) Limitation: This defines how the algorithm works by make
use of the computer resources available to it.
II. RELATED WORK
In this section the various performance factor and
techniques used for encrypting the data used by various papers
are listed. In the research paper [1] proposed the Hybrid
Compression encryption technique for securing SMS data.
The proposed technique compresses the SMS to reduce its
length, then encrypts it using encryption algorithm.
In the research paper [3] proposed that Symmetric-key
algorithms also known as single- key, one-key and private-key
encryption are a class of algorithms for cryptography, that
uses a Private(shared secret) key and a Public (non-secret) key
to execute encryption or decryption process.
In the research paper [4] proposed that the different
performance factors are discussed such as key value,
computational speed they concluded that AES algorithm is
better among Symmetric algorithm.
In the research paper [5] proposed the survey of SMS
encryption as well as decryption techniques, algorithms,
models use in communication network and security.
In the research paper [6] proposed the fair comparison
between three most common symmetric key algorithms like
DES, Blowfish and AES.
 IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems
ICIIECS’15
In the research paper [7] various experimental factors are
analyzed. Based on the text files used and the experimental result Initially DES was considering as strong algorithm but it has
was concluded that DES algorithm consumes least encryption
time and AES algorithm use least memory usage, Encryption time
differs in case of AES algorithm and DES algorithm.
In the research paper [8] concluded that all the techniques are
Useful for real-time encryption. Each technique is unique in
Its own method, which might be suitable for different
applications Everyday new encryption technique is evolving
hence fast and secure conventional encryption techniques, will
always work out with high rate of security.
In the research paper [9] proposed the Information or SMS
security is important problem in network secure
communication. Encryption and decryption algorithms uses by
many authors for performance evaluation and security. Some
algorithms gives better performance but require more time for
encryption. The users who uses the AES algorithms. They
modified and doing changes in AES algorithm for reducing
complexity in the encryption process.
III. TECHNIQUE FOR SMS SECURITY
A) Encryption Technique: Hybrid Compression
In this technique [1], we describe the technique used to secure
SMS without increasing its length. There are two main steps
of this technique compression and encryption processes.
SMS Compression is the process of encoding SMS
information using fewer bits than an non-encoded
representation. The purpose of this process in the proposed
technique is reducing the consumption of very expensive
resources and reducing SMS length. SMS encryption it is the
process of security by encoding messages to make them non-
readable . The steps can be described as Follows:
Step 1: Get secrete message.
Step 2: Determine the message recipient.
Step 3: Compress the secrete message.
Step 4: Check the compressed message length.
Step 5: Encrypt the compressed message using encryption
algorithm.
Step 6: Add signature to the message.
Step 7: Send the secrete message.
IV. ALGORITHM OVERVIEW
1) DES ( Data Encryption Standard):
It is designed by IBM in 1974. It is based on Lucifer
cipher and which was the first encryption standard published
by NIST. DES is based on cipher called as Feistel Block
Cipher. This algorithm consists of a number of rounds where
each round contains bit-shuffling, non-linear substitutions (S-
boxes) and exclusive OR operations. DES uses 56 bit key,
and it maps 64 bit input block into a 64 bit output block. The
key used is actually looks like a 64 bit block, but one bit in
each of the 8 octets is used for odd parity on each octet. There
are many attacks and methods for exploit the weaknesses of
DES, which made the DES is an insecure block cipher.
large amount of data size and short key length limits its use. It
has 16 rounds. Once a plain-text message is received to be
encrypted, it is arranged into 64 bit size of blocks required for
input. If the number of bits used in the message is not divisible
by 64, then the last block of message will be padded.
2) 3DES
DES was superseded by triple DES (3DES) in
November 1998, concentrating on the noticeable
imperfections in DES without changing the original structure
of DES algorithm. Triple DES was much more complicated
version of DES. This achieves high level of security by
encrypting the data using DES three times using with three
different unrelated keys. The combined key size is thus 168
bits beyond the reach of brute-force.
3) BLOWFISH
Blowfish is 64-bit block cipher- used to replace DES
algorithm. Ranging from 32 bits to 448 bits, variable-length
key is used. Variants of 14 round or less are available in
Blowfish. Blowfish is unpatented and license-free and is
available free for all uses. Blowfish is one of the fastest block
ciphers developed to date. Blowfish suffers from weak keys
problem, still no attack is known to be success. Blowfish is a
symmetric block cipher that can be effectively used for
encryption and safeguarding of data. Blowfish algorithm
takes a variable-length key, from 32 bits to 448 bits, making
it ideal for securing data. Blowfish was designed in 1993 by
Bruce Schneier as a fast, free alternative to existing
encryption algorithms. Blowfish is unpatented and license-
free, and is available free for all uses. Though it suffers from
weak keys problem, no attack is known to be successful
against it (Bruce, 1996) (Nadeem, 2005).
4) RC4
RC4 is a stream cipher designed in 1987 by Ron Rivest for
RSA Security. It is a variable key size stream cipher. This
algorithm is based on random permutation. In September
1994, the RC4 algorithm was anonymously posted on the
Internet. This algorithm is easy and easy to explain. A variable
length key is from 1 to 256. It is called pseudo- random
because RC4 generates a sequence of numbers that only
approximates the properties of random numbers. The sequence
of bytes generated is not random since the output is always the
same for a given input. In stream cipher, data is encrypted and
decrypted bit by bit. It is also faster and more suitable for
streaming application. It acquires less CPU time, less resource
utilization and also easy to implement but RC4 has much
weakness due to its small key size [11]. If the key size is short
attackers can easily obtain the key and attack on data using
key recovery algorithm.
5) AES (Advanced Encryption Standards)
It is symmetric block cipher. It was published by
NIST.
 IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems
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It has key of variable length size 128,192, and 256 bits. It has
block size of 128 bits in 10, 12 and 14 rounds depending on
key size. It can be implemented on various platforms like
small devices. It is carefully tested for much security
application.
Following steps are used to encrypt a 128-bit block:
1] Obtain the set of round keys from the cipher key.
2] Initialize the state array with the original message
(Plaintext).
3] Attach the initial round key to the starting state array.
4] Implement nine rounds of state manipulation.
5] Perform the tenth and last round of state manipulation.
6] Copy the final state array out as the non readable data
(Cipher text).
Encryption process consists of a series of steps to alter the state of encryption process. Based on analysis it is shown that which
array. There are four steps involve in encryption.
They are as follows.
a. Sub Bytes: This operation is a simple substitution that
In this converts every bite into a different value. In this 128-bit
block is replaced with another 128-bit block for substitution
process.
b. Shift Rows: Each row is rotated to the right by certain number
of bytes
c. Mix Columns: Array is processed separately to each column of
the state to produce a new column. The new column replaces the
old one
d. XorRoundKey: This operation simply catch b the existing
state array,
In Decryption process is obtained by driving back all the steps
taken in encryption using inverse functions like InvSubBytes,
InvShiftRows, and InvMixColumns. AES has great flexibility
with effective resistance against cryptanalytic attack. The
security of AES is depending on variable key size allowing up
to 256 bit providing resistance against attacks. In all block
ciphers AES encryption is fast and flexible as compared to
other encryption.. In case of hardware implementation of AES
is very fast as compared to other encryption.
6) Modified AES
To reduce the problem of high computation and
computational overhead we use the AES and modify it. The
AES is also known as modified AES because of by totaling
the initial permutation step takes from DES in order to enlarge
encryption performance. Modified AES has four steps, these
four steps are as follows:
1) Substitution Byte
2) ShiftRow
3) Permutation
4) AddRoundKey
Here we use Permutation instead of MixColumn Substitution
Byte, ShiftRow, and AddRoundKey remain same as in AES.
Permutation is widely used in cryptographic algorithms.
Permutation operations are interesting and important from
both cryptographic and architectural points of view. The DES
algorithm will provide us permutation tables. The inputs to the
IP table consist of 128 bits. Modified-AES algorithm takes
128 bits as input. The functions Substitution Bytes and Shift
Rows are also interpreted as 128 bits whereas the Permutation
function also takes 128 bits. In the permutation table each
entry indicates a specific position of a numbered input bit may
also consist of 256 bits in the output. While reading the table
from left to right and then from top to bottom, we observe that
the 242th bit of the 256-bit block is in first position, the 226th
is in second position and so forth [9]. After applying
permutation on 128 bits we again complete set of 128 bits and
then perform next remaining functions of algorithm. If we take
the inverse permutation it gives again the original bits, the
output result is a 128-bit cipher text. For the full decryption of
Modified-AES algorithm the transformation processes are,
Inv-Bytesub, Inv-Shiftrows, Inv-Permutation, and the
Addroundkey, which are performed in 10 rounds as it is in the
algorithm is better to use based on following performance
metrics.
1)Encryption time-
It is the time that an encryption algorithm takes to
produce a cipher text from a plaintext.
2) Decryption time-
It is the time that a decryption algorithm takes to
produce a plaintext from a cipher text.
3) Throughput-
The throughput is defining the speed of encryption.
The throughput is calculated as the total plaintext in Kilobytes
encrypted/ encryption time (KB/sec). As the power
consumption decreases throughput increases.
4) CPU process time:
It is the time that a CPU is dedicated only to the
particular process for calculations. It reflects the load of the
CPU. As the CPU time used in the encryption process is more
load is high.
5) Memory Utilization:
Memory utilization defines how memory is
consumed at the time of encryption and decryption.
The above performance metrics are defined by using
following task.
i) Compute the time of encryption and decryption for each
algorithm using different sizes input file.
ii) Calculate the throughput for each algorithm in KB/Sec
iii)The nature of changing the key size on
encryption/decryption time.
iv) The outcome of changing file size on memory utilization.
v) Calculate the CPU time for encryption and decryption for
each algorithm using different sizes input file.
Performance analysis shows the behavior and performance of
this particular algorithm and Quality of Services achieved by
that algorithms or protocols. As like same here we have done
performance review for different algorithms used in survey
section of this paper. The bellow given discussion of
Performance Review contains.
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ICIIECS’15
V. DISCUSSION
After analysis of papers and algorithms using papers included
in survey observed following discussion. The comparison is In future work we have doing survey of the more encryption
done in terms of power consumption, processing time and and decryption algorithms. And develop stronger, secure, and
throughput. As the throughput increases power consumption easy new algorithm for encryption and decryption for Android
Factors BLOWFIS
mobile communication.
DES RC4 AES
Analyzed H
(40 TO 128,192, VI.CONCLUSION
KeyLength 64 128
128) 256 This paper discusses the various security mechanisms to
(32,64,1
Block size 64
28)
64 128 provide message authentication. paper presents the survey of
Encryption various security algorithms like DES, 3DES, BLOWFISH,
low low high high RC4 and AES in detail. It finally discuss about the Modified
Ratio
Security
Inadequate
Less
Less secure
Highly AES algorithm. DES and Triple DES not provide extra
Attacks secure secured security and making use of double and triple encryption and
Most Modifica Replacem very slow when implemented on software [5]. DES has large
Common, tion of ent for amount of data size and short key length limits its uses.
Not Strong DES, Excellent DES,
Features
Enoug Adequat Security Excelle Blowfish and RC4 suffers from weak keys problems. After
h e nt analyzing all the above algorithms the most popular
Security Security symmetric algorithm is AES (Rijndael) which is most
Power Flexible, and have best Encryption performance. Secure, faster
Consumptio high high Low low and better. In future we can perform same experiments on
n
image data, audio data & video data and developing a stronger
Hardware
and
Better in encryption technique with high speed and for great
hardware Not very Not very Faster and throughput.
Software
than efficient efficient efficient
Implementa
software
tion
VII. REFERENCES
TABLE: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS
[1] "Mitigating Attacks on Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular
decreases. In [9], compares different algorithms of stream Networks", P. Traynor, W. Enck, P. McDaniel and T. La Porta,
IEEE/ACM Transactions on In Networking, 17(1):40-2009
cipher (Salsa 20, HC-128, VMPC, RC4, HC- 256,Grain) and
[2]. “DES, AES and Blowfish: Symmetric Key Cryptography Algorithms
block cipher( DES,3DES, , Blowfish, AES) on the basis of Simulation Based Performance Analysis”, Jawahar Thakur, Nagesh
CPU time and throughput the better algorithm can be used for Kumar, IJETAE- Dec-2011
network security in mobile devices. This paper concludes that [3] “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online S.
stream ciphers are faster than block cipher. In this paper we Jacobs and C.P. Bean ISSN: 2319-7064 Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2013
[4] “A Survey on Performance Analysis of DES, AES and RSA Algorithm
have do the survey of previous and new encryption as well as along with LSB Substitution Technique”, B. Padmavathi , S. Ranjitha
decryption. Finally here prove that the AES algorithm is Kumari,IJSR-April 2014
secure, fast and strong encryption algorithm for mobile [5] “Symmetric Algorithm Survey: A Comparative Analysis”, Shujaat
communication. AES algorithm solves the major issue of Khan, Mansoor Ebrahim- IJCA- Jan-2013
[6] “Data Security In Local Area Network Based On Fast Encryption
security in mobile communication and SMS encryption in
Algorithm”, G. Ramesh and R. Umarani- ICTACT-June 2010
network [8]. From following diagram shows a comparison
between various encryption algorithms on the basis of [7] “Comparative Analysis of AES and RC4 Algorithms for Better
Utilization”, Nidhi Singha, J.P.S.Raina- IJCT-2011
scalability like memory usage and their performance in [8] “MSC : Mobile Secure Communication sing SMS in Network Security
encryption. From the figure we analyzed that AES is best : A Survey”, Punam V. Maitri, Rekha V. Sarawade
among all these related encryption algorithms [12]. Blowfish [9] “Modified Advanced Encryption Standard”, Pravin Kawle, Avinash
and AES has same performance of encryption but different in Hiwase, IJSCE- March 2014
memory usage. [10] “Enhancing Data Security by using Hybrid Cryptographic Algorithm”,
Jigar Chauhan, Neekhil Dedhia
[11] “Comparative Analysis of AES and RC4 Algorithms for Better
Utilization” - Nidhi Singhal , J.P.S.Raina- IJCTTE- August 2011
[12] “Comparative Analysis on Different parameters of Encryption
Algorithms for Information”, Md Asif Mushtaque, JCSE-April-2014

.
Fig: Comparison of various encryption algorithms based on scalability
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ICIIECS’15