-ed / -ing adjectives

Many English adjectives of emotion/feeling are formed from the -ed / -ing forms of verbs:

Positive
verb -ed -ing noun

You ____ me! I'm _____! How _____! What _____!

amaze amazed amazing amazement

amuse amused amusing amusement

astound astounded astounding astonishment

bewitch bewitched bewitching bewitchment

captivate captivated captivating a captivation

challenge challenged challenging a challenge

charm charmed charming charm

comfort comforted comforting comfort

concern concerned concerning concern

convince convinced convincing conviction

encourage encouraged encouraging encouragement

enchant enchanted enchanting enchantment

energize energized energizing energy

entertain entertained entertaining entertainment

enthrall enthralled enthralling enthrallment

excite excited exciting excitement

exhaust exhausted exhausting exhaustion

fascinate fascinated fascinating fascination

flatter flattered flattering flattery

fulfill fulfilled fulfilling fulfillment

gratify gratified gratifying gratification

gratify gratified gratifying gratification

 humiliate humiliated humiliating humiliation

interest interested interesting interest

intrigue intrigued intriguing intrigue

move moved moving

please pleased pleasing (pleasant) a pleasure

relax relaxed relaxing relaxation

relieve relieved relieving a relief

satisfy satisfied satisfying satisfaction

soothe soothed soothing

surprise surprised surprising a surprise

tempt tempted tempting temptation

touch touched touching

thrill thrilled thrilling a thrill

titilate titilated titilating titilation

Negative
verb -ed -ing noun

You ____ me! I'm _____! How _____! What _____!

aggravate aggravated aggravating aggravation

alarm alarmed alarming alarm

annoy annoyed annoying annoyance

bewilder bewildered bewildering bewilderment

bore bored boring boredom

confound confounded confounding

confuse confused confusing confusion

depress depressed depressing depression

devastate devastated devastating devastation

disappoint disappointed disappointing disappointment

discourage discouraged discouraging discouragement

disgust disgusted disgusting disgust

dishearten disheartened disheartening disheartenment

dismay dismayed dismaying dismay

displease displeased displeasing displeasure

distress distressed distressing distress

disturb disturbed disturbing disturbance

embarrass embarrassed embarrassing embarrassment

exasperate exasperated exasperating exasperation

fatigue fatigued fatiguing fatigue

frighten frightened frightening fright

frustrate frustrated frustrating frustration

horrify horrified horrifying horror

insult insulted insulting an insult

irritate irritated irritating irritation

mortify mortified mortifying mortification

mystify mystified mystifying mystification

overwhelm overwhelmed overwhelming overwhelmingness

perplex perplexed perplexing perplexity

perturb perturbed perturbing perturbation

puzzle puzzled puzzling puzzlement

shock shocked shocking a shock

sicken sickened sickening sickness

terrify terrified terrifying terror

threaten threatened threatening a threat

tire tired tiring tiredness

trouble troubled troubling trouble

unnerve unnerved unnerving

unsettle unsettled unsettling unsettledness

upset upset upsetting

vex vexed (vext) vexing vexation

Let me know if you can think of any more!

(Thanks to Vince Marx for some of these...)

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Unit 23. Adjectives ending in ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’

(прилагательные с окончаниями -ing или
-ed)
Main points

 Many adjectives ending in ‘-ing’ describe the effect that something has on someone's
feelings.
 Some adjectives ending in ‘-ing’ describe a process or state that continues over a
period of time.
 Many adjectives ending in ‘-ed’ describe people's feelings.

1. You use many ‘-ing’ adjectives to describe the effect that something has on your feelings,
or on the feelings of people in general. For example, if you talk about ‘a surprising number’,
you mean that the number surprises you.

alarming charming embarrassing surprising

amazing confusing exciting terrifying
annoying convincing frightening tiring
astonishing depressing interesting welcoming
boring disappointing shocking worrying
He lives in a charming house just outside the town.

She always has a warm welcoming smile.

Most ‘-ing’ adjectives have a related transitive verb. See Unit 72 for information on transitive
verbs.

2. You use some ‘-ing’ adjectives to describe something that continues over a period of time.

ageing decreasing existing living

booming dying increasing remaining

Britain is an ageing society.

Increasing prices are making food very expensive.

These adjectives have related intransitive verbs. See Unit 72 for information on intransitive
verbs.

3. Many ‘-ed’ adjectives describe people's feelings. They have the same form as the past
participle of a transitive verb and have a passive meaning. For example, ‘a frightened person’
is a person who has been frightened by something.

alarmed delighted frightened surprised

amused depressed interested tired
astonished disappointed satisfied troubled
bored excited shocked worried

She looks alarmed about something.

A bored student complained to his teacher.

She had big blue frightened eyes.

Note that the past participles of irregular verbs do not end in ‘-ed’, but can be used as
adjectives. See the Appendix for a list of irregular past participles.

The bird had a broken wing.

His coat was dirty and torn.

4. Like other adjectives, ‘-ing’ and ‘-ed’ adjectives can be:

  used in front of a noun

They still show amazing loyalty to their parents.

This is the most terrifying tale ever written.

I was thanked by the satisfied customer.

The worried authorities cancelled the match.

 used after link verbs

It's amazing what they can do.

The present situation is terrifying.

He felt satisfied with all the work he had done.

My husband was worried.

 modified by adverbials such as ‘quite‘, ‘really‘, and ‘very’

The film was quite boring.

There is nothing very surprising in this.

She was quite astonished at his behaviour.

He was a very disappointed young man.

 used in the comparative and superlative

His argument was more convincing than mine.

He became even more depressed after she died.

This is one of the most boring books I've ever read.

She was the most interested in going to the cinema.

5. A small number of ‘-ed‘ adjectives are normally only used after link verbs such as ‘be‘,
‘become‘, or ‘feel‘. They are related to transitive verbs, and are often followed by a
prepositional phrase, a ‘to‘-infinitive clause, or a ‘that‘-clause.

convinced interested prepared tired

delighted involved scared touched
finished pleased thrilled worried
The Brazilians are pleased with the results.

He was always prepared to account for his actions.

She was scared that they would find her.

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'-ed' and '-ing' adjectives: describing

feelings and things
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Average: 4.1 (59 votes)

Fri, 07/11/2008 - 00:00 — Chris McCarthy

 Confusing Words
 Grammar
 Vocabulary

'My holiday was relaxing. I felt really relaxed.'

Few, but common, adjectives end in either -ed or -ing:

worried/worrying, interested/interesting, excited/exciting

'-ed' adjectives
Adjectives that end in -ed are used to describe how people feel:
'He was surprised to find that he had been upgraded to first class.'
'I was confused by the findings of the report.'
'She felt tired after working hard all day.'

'-ing' adjectives
Adjectives that end in -ing are used to describe things and situations. Compare these example
sentences to the ones above:
'Being upgraded to first class is surprising.'
The findings of this report are confusing.'
'Working hard all day is tiring.'

example table:
 -ed and -ing adjectives tables

Feel '-ed' describe '-ing'

annoyed annoying

bored boring

confused confusing

depressed depressing

excited exciting

frustrated frustrating

frightened frightening

satisfied satisfying

shocked shocking

Extreme Adjectives Lesson

Confusing Words Lesson

Now complete the sentences below using the correct adjective:

 Dogs often feel ___ during fieworks.

frightening

frightened

 The metro can be ___ the first time you use it.

confusing

confused

 Satoru was ___ to hear about the earthquake.

 shocking

shocked

 I think that rainy days in winter are ___.

depressed

depressing

 She's ___ of doing the same thing every day.

boring

bored

 It was the most ___ I have been watching a film.

exciting

excited

 The meals at Immigrant's Cafe are ___.

satisfying

satisfied

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Comments
Fri, 07/11/2008 - 11:30 — dawid

nice

nice

 Login or register to post comments

Thu, 09/18/2008 - 12:56 — tarun201187

well done

well done

 Login or register to post comments

Thu, 08/21/2008 - 06:30 — Dilyagirl

well done

useful lesson, I really like it

 Login or register to post comments

Sun, 04/05/2009 - 06:59 — ketancmodi

english learn

dear every body,

I am very good well done

 Login or register to post comments

Mon, 08/25/2008 - 09:17 — vibhuti

amazing......

hey thanks a lot fr such exercise coz these adjectives r really confusing.

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Wed, 12/10/2008 - 09:32 — pitchpotch

excited vs exciting

It doesn't make sense to me:

It was the most excited I have been watching a film.
The word order in this sentence seems wrong and the punctuation marks don't help.
What "it" stands for and what's the connection with its following verb "was" and the
superlative following it? Why the adjective is positioned before the word it determines (in
case it refers to "I"?
Very confusing...
I would rephrase that sentence as following:
I (not "it") was the most excited; I have been watching a film (assuming the guy has not ever
seen a movie before or he wasn't the only one watching it).
or
It was the most exciting film I have been watching (so far).
What do you think?
Thanks.

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 02/04/2009 - 19:28 — nicle

yes you are absolutely

yes you are absolutely right.It doesnt make sense.

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Wed, 03/11/2009 - 01:34 — thanglaw29b

-ed, -ing

Thang Co Don
I agree with u.

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Wed, 04/08/2009 - 04:39 — Muhammad Nadeem

I agree with u.

In this sentence the word "with" cnnot be used. We can say "I agree u".As we usually say "I
Love You" this is correct if we say "I Love with u" this is uncorrect.

 Login or register to post comments

Mon, 04/06/2009 - 06:39 — rhea

or it can be rephrased this way

or it can be rephrased this way

it was the most exciting film I have seen.

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Tue, 06/02/2009 - 22:53 — Tatyanka

I fully agree with you.

I fully agree with you.

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Sat, 09/11/2010 - 05:13 — Grymhett

"Excited" is correct.

"Excited" is correct.

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Mon, 08/25/2008 - 11:07 — grivna

It was the most ___ I have

It was the most ___ I have been watching a film.

I have put the wrong answer twice:

"exciting"

All other questions I have done all right. Could you very kindly explain this sentence?

It was exciting - sounds well,

it was excited - for me it is wrong.

 Login or register to post comments

Mon, 08/25/2008 - 11:17 — Chris McCarthy

Hi grivna

In this sentence we are talking about how we feel: 'I have been'.

We need to use the -ed form.

 Login or register to post comments

Mon, 08/25/2008 - 11:24 — grivna

Hi Chris, Thanks a lot, now

Hi Chris,
Thanks a lot, now I get it.
  Login or register to post comments

Mon, 09/08/2008 - 23:54 — diegomartine

good!

good!

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Wed, 09/10/2008 - 18:09 — gopalkrb

adjectives

good

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Sun, 09/28/2008 - 15:58 — ravi_kuttiyil

English lesson--ed/ly adj

Exciting. Thans for the expanation.

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Tue, 11/11/2008 - 08:18 — Aida

It was the most_________I have.....

I agree with the comments above using excited sounds to me not correct, what was the (it)?
Anyway thanks

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Wed, 09/17/2008 - 01:59 — aseng2003

adjectives

May I ask..."It was the most excited I have been watching the film." Is the word "excited"
discribing the situation and not my feeling?

It is very exciting to do the lesson.

Thank you.

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 09/17/2008 - 06:48 — Chris McCarthy

Hi Aseng

'most excited I have been' refers to the speakers feelings, not to the film. We can guess that
the film was exciting, though.

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Wed, 09/24/2008 - 04:30 — joeweboy

very good

so simple,easy,but confussing, all the same i had all.

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Sat, 10/04/2008 - 09:48 — viji

it was quiet learning

it was quiet learning

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Thu, 10/09/2008 - 15:05 — A B M Nazrul Islam

It's beautiful. But need a

It's beautiful. But need a topic to write about for writing skill

 Login or register to post comments

Fri, 10/10/2008 - 17:41 — miffoo l

very nice

this lesson very interesting for my 100% no mistake that's nice

 Login or register to post comments

Sat, 10/11/2008 - 10:49 — sinister35

good

yeah that was good

 Login or register to post comments

Sun, 10/12/2008 - 07:59 — nahar

very interesting

before this explaintion I was confused but now it's clear

thanks a lot

 Login or register to post comments

Sat, 10/18/2008 - 05:57 — ravindra rakshe

Verry Intreasting

Verry Intreasting

 Login or register to post comments

Sun, 10/19/2008 - 06:41 — msalipolin

Thanks

Thanks for such lesson

 Login or register to post comments

Sat, 11/08/2008 - 05:17 — kadam

thanks

this is interesting

 Login or register to post comments

Sat, 11/01/2008 - 06:55 — Mazhar Zaidi

Good work

I feel this lesson is realy remarkable

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Sun, 11/09/2008 - 16:09 — eemmyy12

hi

hi all

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Wed, 11/05/2008 - 14:53 — englishpathi

'Extreme Adjectives' Lesson

Iis an interesting and challenging lesson. I got all correct except for one and for which the
question was unclear too.

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Mon, 11/10/2008 - 09:14 — khemo

khemo

useful lesson but I need more clarifying examples and exercises

thanks

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Tue, 11/11/2008 - 07:53 — Kaltoumi

excited, exciting

I wonder why there is nothing about "interested" and "interesting".

Furthermore, in the choice before the last, I don't see why "excited" is the correct choice -
there is inconsistency in the sentence!

 Login or register to post comments

Tue, 11/11/2008 - 08:22 — Chris McCarthy

excited exciting.

Please take a look at my comments above. Thanks.

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 07/22/2009 - 14:58 — HN

Hi

nice to meet you!

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 11/12/2008 - 17:14 — anas_rehan

Good

Good exercise

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 11/12/2008 - 21:00 — eltarooe

nice

it's very nice and helpfull , i hop will get more.

thanks

 Login or register to post comments

Thu, 11/13/2008 - 00:55 — minhui

Great

foundation for improve grammer , need more clarifing and example.

thanks.

 Login or register to post comments

Tue, 05/12/2009 - 10:56 — mafe

mafe

mafe

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Thu, 11/13/2008 - 10:02 — apkaabid

THANKS

IT IS VERY HELPFUL FOR ME.BUT I CON'T UNDERSTAND "EXITED" SENTENCE.

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Sun, 11/16/2008 - 22:51 — klodia 000

good very goog

the exwrcise was dificult

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Wed, 11/19/2008 - 09:49 — Kutabumi

thanks for the lesson

thanks for the lesson, i want go to the next level

 Login or register to post comments

Fri, 11/21/2008 - 10:54 — nero_p

well done useful lesson..

well done useful lesson.. all are correct

 Login or register to post comments

Mon, 11/24/2008 - 14:20 — nganchi

Good Lesson

Ohh . I like it. The lesson is good for me

 Login or register to post comments

Tue, 12/02/2008 - 13:14 — rashid

thanks

it is very usefull leson

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Tue, 12/02/2008 - 15:57 — navin kumar

adjectives

super

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Sat, 12/06/2008 - 00:07 — hamid700

i well down . but i thing

i well done . but i thing this too soon for first lesson for me

 Login or register to post comments

Wed, 12/24/2008 - 07:52 — Muhammad Naseem

nice

this is very nice lesson

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