QH 7401 J 1107 A

RPOPERTY OF NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.
IF MUST NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETERMINAL TO THE INTERST OF THE COMPANY
THE INFORMATION ON THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PRPOPERTY OF NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD. IF MUST NO
CUSTOMER: KENYA ELECTRICITY

KENYA
FINANCED BY: THE WORLD BANK
IBRD-IDA
CONSULTANT: LAHMEYER INTERNA

TITLE:
400/2
20kV
ISINYA
CONTRACTOR : NATIONAL CONTRACT
SUBST
ATION TRANSMISSION & DIS
P.O.BOX-90, AL-KHOB
KINGDOM OF SAUDI A
PROJECT : EASTERN ELECTRICIT
(SUBCOMPONENT A4
CONSTRUCTION OF IS
ATHI RIVER AND NAI
CONTRACT No: KETRACO/PT/009/2
DOCUMENT 0092013-QH-7401-J-
No:
SHORT CIRCUIT FORC

REVISED AS PER CONSULTANT / BUS AT ISINYA 400/2
CUSTOMER COMMENTS DT 21 &
A 22nd MAY 2015 DURING DESIGN C.L D.G V.T 30.05.15 PREPARED C.L
REVIEW MEETING CHECKED D.G
0 FIRST SUBMISSION C.L D.G V.T 11.02.15 APPROVED V.T
DESCRIPTION PRED. CHK
D. APPD. DATE
REV. NO PASSED V.K
KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY LTD.,
THE WORLD BANK
LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL GMPH
NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
P.O.BOX-90, AL-KHOBAR 31952,
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
EASTERN ELECTRICITY HIGHWAY PROJECT
(SUBCOMPONENT A4-SYSTEM REINFORCEMENT)
CONSTRUCTION OF ISINYA 400/220kV SUBSTATION AND
ATHI RIVER AND NAIRO SUBSTATION EXTENSIONS
KETRACO/PT/009/2013
0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR 400KV FLEXIBLE

BUS AT ISINYA 400/220kV SUBSTATION
DATE : 11.02.2015
TOTAL SHEETS
64 SHEETS
REVISION A
INDEX
SL.N0 S/Y SPAN DESCRIPTION
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION - 400kV FLEXIBLE BUS
1 -- -- SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION INDEX
2 -- -- SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION SUMMARY
3 400KV SWYD S1 52.0m MAIN BUS (QUAD "805 Sq.mm"AAC)

4 400KV SWYD S2 26.0m MAIN BUS (QUAD "805 Sq.mm"AAC)
5 400KV SWYD S3 60.75m JACK BUS (QUAD "805 Sq.mm"AAC)
6 400KV SWYD S4 60.74m JACK BUS (QUAD "805 Sq.mm"AAC)
i
i
INDEX
PAGE NO.
FORCE CALCULATION - 400kV FLEXIBLE BUS
ii
1 to 16
17 to 32
33 to 48
49 to 64
i
i
400/220kV ISINYA SUBSTATION
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION SUMMARY FOR 400kV FLEXIBLE BUS
S.No. Span Details Span Type Static Tension (kg) SCF (kg)
1 52.0m Main Bus QUAD AAC 4000 4578.8

2 26.0m Main Bus QUAD AAC 4000 4427.9
3 67.4m Jack Bus QUAD AAC 4000 4680.7
4 60.75 Jack Bus QUAD AAC 4000 4646.5
ii
National Contracting Company Limited
DOCUMENT No.
PROJECT: KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
TITLE: SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
(FLEXIBLE BUS) AT ISINYA 400/220kV SUBSTATION CLB
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
QUAD AAC - 52 Meters
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The following calculations are based on IEC - 865

1 BASIC PARAMETERS
a. System Voltage = 400 kV
b. Highest System Voltage V = 420 kV
c. Short Circuit Rating Ik3'' = 40.0 kA
d. System Frequency f = 50 Hz
e. Duration of Short Circuit current flow Tk1 = 1s
2 CONDUCTOR & ANCHORING DETAILS
a. Details of Main Conductor

(i) Type of conductor = AAC
(ii) Number of sub-conductor per phase n = 4 Nos.
(iii) Mass per unit length of one subconductor m's = 2.221 kg/m
(iv) Cross-section of one sub-conductor AS = 805.00 mm2
(v) Young's Modulus E = 5.5E+05 Kg./Cm2
= 5.39E+10 N/m2
(vi) Diameter of conductor = 36.90 mm
(vii) Centre-line dist. between main conductor mid-points a1 = 6500 mm
a2 = 6500 mm
(viii) Resulting spring constant of both supports of one span S = 100 N/mm
(ix) Minimum Temperature Temp min = 0 °C
(x) Maximum Temperature Temp max = 80 °C

.
(xi) Everyday Temperature Temp o = 40 °C
(xii) Material Constant Cth = 2.7E-19 m4/A2s
(xiii) Co-efficient of thermal expansion a = 2.3E-05 /°C
(xiv) No. of Aluminimum Strand Al strand = 61
(xv) No. of Steel Strand St strand = 0
Conventional value of acceleration of gravity
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b. Details of Anchoring of Main Conductor
(i) Conductor span = 52.00 m
(ii) Initial tension of conductor = 1000 kg

(Tension of conductor x gn) = 1000 × 9.81 N = 9810 N
(iii) Tension of conductor = 9810 × 4 N = 39240 N
(vi) Tension at maximum temperature at 80°C
Tension per conductor = 979.10 kg
then, Fst. Max = 38419.88 N
(v) Tension at minimum temperature at 0°C
then, Fst. Min = 39240.00 N
vi) Girder width = 2000 mm
(vii) Length of Insulator Chain = ( 145 x 30 ) li = 5304 mm
a) Distance between centres of disc units = 145 mm
b) No of insulator discs = 30 discs
(viii) No. of Insulator String ni = 2 Nos.
(ix) Weight of Insulator String = 270 kg
(x) Diameter of disc Insulator = 0.280 m
(xi) Length of Hardware = 954 mm
(xii) Weight of Hardware = 45 kg
c. Details of Spacer
(i) Distance between sub-conductors = 450 mm
(ii) Distance between two adjacent spacers = 5000 mm
(iii) Unit Mass of Spacers = 7 kg
(iv) No. of Spacers = 7
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d. Details of Jumper
No. of cond. Length(m) Mass/Unit Length
(i) Jumper - 1 3 x 7 x 2.221 =
(ii) Jumper - 2 3 x 7 x 2.221 =
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3 Effects on Main Conductor
3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a. Characteristic electromagnetic load per unit length on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
F' = 0  I " l c 2
 0.75  k 3 
where 2 a l
I''k3 = 3 Ph. initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.)
= 40000 A
a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points

Equivalent distance is
= (a1+a2)/2
a = 6.5 m
l = Centre-line distance between supports
= 52 m
lc = Cord length of the main conductor in the span
= l – (2 × ( length of one insulator chain + half of the girder width))
= 52 - ( 2 x (5.304+1))
= 39.39 m
μ0 = Permeability of free space, 4 π x 10-7
Hence
F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 6.5 ) x ( 39.392 / 52 ) N/m
= 27.971
b. Ratio of electromagnetic force under short-circuit conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
r = F'
where n  m sc ' g n
n = Number of sub-conductors of a main conductor
= 4 Nos.
Total concentrated mass on conductor

Σm = nsx mS + Σmj
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= 7*7+(46.641+46.641)
= 142.282 kg
Resulting mass per unit length of one sub-conductor:

m'sc = Σm/(n x lc)+m's
= (142.282 / (4x39.392))+2.221
m'sc = 3.12399 kg
gn = Conventional value of acceleration of gravity
= 9.81 m/s2
Hence
r = 27.971/(4 x 3.124 x 9.81)
= 0.228
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c. Direction of resulting force exerted on the conductor

δ1 = arctan (r)
= ATAN(0.228) rad
= 0.22433 rad
= 0.22433 × 180/π °
= 12.853 °
d. Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan

bcmax = n  m sc ' g n  l 2
8 Fst
bcmin = n  m sc ' g n  l 2
8 Fst
where
Fstmax = Static tensile force in flexible main conductor
= 38419.884 N
Fstmin = Static tensile force in flexible main conductor
= 39240 N
Hence
bcmax = 4 x 3.124 x 9.81 x 52^2/(8 x 38419.884) m
= 1.078 m
bcmin = 4 x 3.124 x 9.81 x 52^2/(8 x 39240) m
= 1.056 m
e. Period of conductor oscillations
Tmax bc
= 2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.078/9.81) s
= 1.863 s
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Tmin = bc
2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.056/9.81) s
= 1.844 s
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f. Resulting period of conductor oscillation during short-circuit current flow
Tres.max = T
  2  1 
2

4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 1.863/[(1 + 0.228^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (12.853/90)^2}] s
= 1.846 s
T
Tres.min =  2

 2  1 
4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 1.844/[(1 + 0.228^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (12.853/90)^2}] s
= 1.826 s
g. Actual Young's modulus

Es =   Fst  For Fst
E 0 .3  0.7  sin   90 0   
 
 nAs 
fin

 fin  nAs
E For F st
 fin
where nA s
δfin = Lowest value of δ when Young's modulus becomes constant
= 5E+07 N/m²
Fst.max/(n As) = 38419.884/(4 x 0.000805000) where As is cross-section of one sub-conductor
= 1.19E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
= 1.22E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
Hence,
Esmax = 5.4E+10 [0.3 + 0.7 SIN{38419.884/(4 x 0.000805000 x 5.0E+07) x 90°}] N/m²
= 3.00E+10 N/m²
Esmin = 5.4E+10 [0.3 + 0.7 SIN{39240.000/(4 x 0.000805000 x 5.0E+07) x 90°}] N/m²
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= 3.03E+10 N/m²
h. Stiffness norm of an installation with flexible conductors

Nmax = 1 1

where Sl nE s As
S = 100000 N/m , for strained conductors (for slack conductor = 1X10^5 i.e., l=lc)
Nmax = 1/(100000 x 52) + 1/(4 x 1.2E+07 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 2.03E-07 1/N
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Nmin = 1 1

Sl nE s As
Hence
Nmin = 1/(100000 x 52) + 1/(4 x 3.0E+10 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 2.03E-07 1/N
i. Stress factor ζ of the main conductor
zmax =  ng n msc ' l  2

3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.12398791632819 x 52)^2 / (24 x 38419.884^3 x 2.03E-07)
= 0.147
zmin
 ng n m sc ' l  2
= 3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.12398791632819 x 52)^2 / (24 x 39240.000^3 x 2.03E-07)
= 0.138
j. Swing-out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow

δk =   Tk 1  For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5
 1 1  cos
  360 0 

  Tres 
2 δ1 For Tk1/Tres > 0.5
where
Tk1 = Duration of first short-circuit current flow
= 1.000 s
Tk1/Tres max = 1.000/1.846

= 0.542 > 0.5
Hence
δkmax = 2 x 12.853
= 25.707 °
Tk1/Tres min = 1.000/1.826

= 0.548 > 0.5
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Hence
δkmin = 2 x 12.853
= 25.707 °
k. Quantity for maximum swing-out angle
χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90°
1–r For δk > 90°
δkmax = 25.7066 °£ 90°
Hence
χmax = 1 – 0.228 · SIN(25.707)
= 0.901
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δkmin = 25.7066 °£ 90°
Hence
χmin = 1 – arctan (r) · SIN(25.707)
= 0.901
l. Maximum swing-out angle

δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i)
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)
180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii)

χmax = 0.9010269983 then Condition (i)
Hence
δm.max = 32.133 °
χmin = 0.9010269983 then Condition (i)
Hence
δm.min = 32.133 °
3.2 Tensile force during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
a. Load parameter φ
φ =

3 1 r 2 1  For Tk 1 
Tres
4
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For T  Tres
k1
4
Tk1 = 1s
Tres.max = 0.46141
4
Tres.min = 0.45656
4
Tk1 is greater than Tres.min

4
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Hence
φmax = 3{√(1 + 0.22817^2) – 1}
= 0.077
Hence
φmin = 3{√(1 + 0.22817^2) – 1}
= 0.077
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b. Load parameter Ψ
The factor Ψ is a function of ζ and φ – it can be calculated as a real solution of the equation:
ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0

For maximum
Solving the above equation for Ψ (0 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1)
Ψmax = 0.2295
Substituting the value of Ψmax in the above equation,
= 0.077^2×0.230^3+0.077(2+0.147)×0.230^2+(1+2×0.147)×0.230–0.147×(2+0.077)
= 0.000
For minimum
Ψmin = 0.2190
Substituting the value of Ψmin in the above equation,
= 0.077^2×0.219^3+0.077(2+0.138)×0.219^2+(1+2×0.138)×0.219–0.138×(2+0.077)
= 0.000
c. Tensile force Ft during short circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
Ft = Fst(1 + φΨ) For n = 1, single conductor

1.1 Fst(1 + φΨ) For n ≥ 2, bundled conductor
n = 4 Nos.
Hence
Ftmax = 1.1 x 38419.884 (1 + 0.077 x 0.230) N
Ftmax = 43009.707 N
4384.272 kg
Ftmin = 1.1 x 39240.000 (1 + 0.077 x 0.219) N
Ftmin = 43892.853 N
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4474.297 kg
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3.3 Tensile force Ff after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)
This is significant for r > 0.6 if δm ≥ 70°
r = 0.22817 (not applicable)

δm,max = 32.133260421 °
δm,min = 32.133260421 °
Ff,max = m
1.2 Fst 1  8z
180 0
Ff.max = 1.2 × 38419.884 x √(1 + 8 × 0.147 x 32.13/180°)
Ff.,max = 50722.219 N
= 5170.461 kg
Ff,min = 1.2 F m
st 1  8z
180 0
Ff,min = 1.2 × 39240.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.138 x 32.13/180°)
Ff,min = 51529.784 N
= 5252.781 kg
3.4 Maximum Horizontal span displacement (bh) and minimum air clearance(amin)
a. Elastic expansion (εela)
εela = Nmax (Ft.max – Fst.max)
= 2.03E-7 *(43010 - 38419.884)
= 9.30E-04
b. Thermal Expansion (εth)
Material constant (Cth ) is 0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6
0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6
0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper
Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s
2
 I "
c th  k 3  Tres / 4
 nAs 
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2
 I k 3 "
Thermal Expansion ε th
= c th   Tres / 4 for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4
 nAs 
2
I 
c th  k 3"  Tk 1 for Tk1 < Tres/4
 nA s 
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(4*0.0008050))²*1.85/4
εth = 1.92E-05
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c. Dilation Factor (CD) 2

3 l 
CD = 1     els   th 
8  bc 
= √(1+3/8*(52/1.08)²*(9.30E-04+1.92E-05))
CD = 1.35
d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8
1.15 for r > 1.8
= 1.05
CF = 1.05000
e. Maximum Horizontal span displacement ( bh)
For slack conductors bh = CF CD bc for δm > 90o

CF CD bc sin δm for δm < 90o
For strained Conductors bh = CF CD bc sin δb1 h for δm > δ1

CF CD bc sin δm for δm < δ1
= 1.05*1.35*1.0784(sin(12.85))
bh = 0.34 m
f. Minimum air clearance (amin)
amin = a - 2bh
= 6.5- 2*0.34
amin = 5.82 m
4 Tensile Force Fpi caused by pinch effect

a. Sub-conductors are considered to clash effectively if either one of following equations are fulfilled
as/ds ≤ 2 and ls ≥ 50 as
as/ds ≤ 2.5 and ls ≥ 70 as
where
as = Distance between sub-conductors
= 0.450 m
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ls = Distance between two adjacent spacers
= 5.000 m
ds = Diameter of flexible conductor
= 0.0369 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.450/0.0369
= 12.195
ls/as = 5.000/0.450
= 11.111
So, sub-conductors shall not clash effectively during short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall
following the below steps:
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b. Factor k for peak short-circuit current
k = 1.810
c. Time constant of network t
t = 1 For k ≥ 1.1 and if k < 1.1, then k = 1.1

  f    k  1.02  
   2 3   ln  0.98

    
= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.810 – 1.02) / 0.98}]
= 0.044 s
d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft)
= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.04431)
= 1.499
e. Factor v1
v1 = 1  as  d s  m sc '
f
180 0 0  I k3"  n  1
2
sin  
n 2  n  as
= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/4)} × √[{(0.45–0.0369) × 2.22}/{2E-7 × (40000/4)^2 × (4–1)/0.45}]
= 5.866
f. Time Tpi from short circuit until reaching Fpi
Tpi can be evaluated from the solution of the following equation:
x . √(1 – A + B – C) – v1 = 0
where
sin  4x  2   sin 2
A =
4x
B = y/x · {1 – e–2x/y} sin2γ
C = 8πy sinγ / {1+(2πy)2} M
P = 2πy · cos(2πx – γ)/(2πx)
Q = sin(2πx – γ)/(2πx)
R = (sinγ – 2πycosγ)/(2πx)
M = {(P + Q)e–x/y + R}
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x = fTpi
y = ft
= 50 · 0.04431
= 2.215
Solving the above equation for Tpi,
Tpi = 0.06966 s
.
x = 50 x 0.06966
= 3.483
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A = {SIN(4 x π x 3.48300 – 2 x 1.49908) + SIN(2 x 1.49908)}/(4 x π x 3.48300)
= 0.005
B = 2.21541/3.48300 x {1 – EXP(–2×3.48300/2.21541)} (SIN1.49908)^2
= 0.606
P = 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(2 x π x 3.48300 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 0.022
Q = SIN(2 x π x 3.48300 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 0.046
R = {SIN(1.49908) – 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(1.49908)}/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 6.6E-17
M = {(0.02232 + 0.04567) EXP(–3.48300/2.21541) + 6.60E-17}
= 0.014
C = 8 x π x 2.21541 x SIN(1.49908)/{1 + (2 x π x 2.21541)^2} x 0.01411
= 0.004
Substituting the above values in the above equation,
= 3.48300 x √(1 – 0.00487 + 0.60553 – 0.00402) – 5.86567
= -1.465
g. Factor v2
v2 = √(1 – A + B – C)
= √(1 – 0.00487 + 0.60553 – 0.00402)
= 1.264
h. Factor v3
d s / as  as / d s   1
v3 =
 180 0
sin 
 tan

1
 as / d s   1
 n 
 
= (0.0369/0.45)/SIN(180°/4) x √(0.45/0.0369–1)/ATAN{√(0.45/0.0369–1)}
= 0.303
i. Short-circuit current force, Fv
Fv = 2
 n  1  0  I k 3 "  l s v 2
2  n  a s v 3
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= (4 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/4)^2 x (5/0.45) x (1.26358/0.30304)
= 2779.747 N
j. Strain factor of the bundle contraction, εst & εpi
2 2
εst.max = 1.5 Fst l s N  180 0 
 sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 38419.884×5^2×2.03E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.855
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DESIGNED
2 2
εst.min = Fst l s N  180 0 
1 .5  sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 39240.000×5^2×2.03E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.873
3
εpi.max = Fv l s N
3
 180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

 as  ds 
3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2779.747×5^3×2.03E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.530
3 3
Fv l s N  180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

εpi.min =  as  ds 
3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2779.747×5^3×2.03E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.529
k. Parameter determining the bundle conductor configuration during short-circuit current flow, j
jmax =  pi
1   st
= √{0.52975/(1 + 0.85550)}
= 0.534
jmax 
= pi
1   st
= √{0.52949/(1 + 0.87334)}
= 0.532
j ≥ 1 : The sub-conductors clash.
< 1 : The sub-conductors reduce their distance but do not clash.
Calculation of tensile force caused by pinching effect for non-clashing sub-conductor:
l. ηmax = 0.120 From Figure 11C - IEC60865-1(approx)
for j = 0.534
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& εst = 0.855 ≈ 2^0
ηmin = 0.120 From Figure 11C - IEC60865-1(approx)
for j = 0.532
& εst = 0.873 ≈ 2^0
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
m. Fpi =
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2

 st 
where,
ve.max = 1/2 + √ (A1.maxX A2.maxX A3max) - 1/4
2
9   I "
A1.max = n n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 5.5E-05
2
A1.min = 9   I "
n  n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 5.47E-05
4
 180 0 

 sin 
A2.max =  ls 
4
 n 

v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 32694679.0857517
4
 180 0 

 sin 

A2min =
4
 ls   n 
v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 32694679.0857517
as  d s

v4.max = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
as  d s

v4.min = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
tan 1 v4
A3.max = 1 v4
= 0.038
tan 1 v4
A3.min = 1
v4
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
TITLE: SHORT CIRCUIT
tan 1 FORCE
v 4 CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
1  BUS) AT ISINYA
(FLEXIBLE 400/220kV SUBSTATION CLB
v4
= 0.038
Hence
vemax = 8.779
vemin = 8.777
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Now,the tensile force due to pinch effect can be calculated by
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.max = 
 st 
Fpi.max = 44097 N
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.min = 
 st 
Fpi.min = 44918 N
CONCLUSION
Design load for structures, insulators and connectors
Tensile Force at Max. Temperature Ft.max = 4.38 Tonne
Tensile Force at Min. Temperature Ft.min = 4.4743 Tonne
Drop Force at Max. Temperature Ff.max = 0 Tonne
Drop Force at Min. Temperature Ff.min = 0 Tonne
Pinch Force at Max. Temperature Fpi.max = 4.4951 Tonne
Pinch Force at Min. Temperature Fpi.min = 4.5788 Tonne
CONCLUSION
The maximum value of Ft or Ff or Fpi of flexible conductor spans shall be applied to the structure,
the insulators and the connectors as static load.
Maximum of Ft , Ff , Fpi (if applicable):
= Maximum of ( 43893N,00000N,44918N) = 44918.45
= 44.9185
= 4.5788
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ny Limited
DOCUMENT No. DATE
0092013-QH-7401-J-1107 5/30/2015
CHECKED APPROVED REV
DG VT A
FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
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DG VT A
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Refer Annexure Pg.No: 1
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DG VT A
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sag value
(T x n x g)
sag value
(T x n x g)
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DG VT A
46.641 kg
46.641 kg
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gth on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
As per IEC - 865 (Pg No:39)
uit conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
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DG VT A
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uctor

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g short-circuit current flow


where As is cross-section of one sub-conductor
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onductors
(for slack conductor = 1X10^5 i.e., l=lc)
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DG VT A


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d by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)

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ly if either one of following equations are fulfilled
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ring short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
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conductor spans shall be applied to the structure,
KN
Tonne
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Page 64 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
TITLE: SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS (FLEXIBLE
BUS) AT ISINYA 400/220kV SUBSTATION CLB
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
Page 17 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Page 18 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

1 BASIC PARAMETERS

= 5.39E+10 N/m2
a2 = 6500 mm

.
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Page 20 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

Tension per conductor = 942 kg
Page 21 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
(i) Jumper - 1 3 x 7 x 2.221 =
Page 22 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

F' = 0  I k 3 " 2 l c
 0.75  
where 2 a l
= 40000 A

= (a1+a2)/2
a = 6.5 m
= 26 m
= 26 - ( 2 x (5.304+1))
= 13.39 m
Hence
F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 6.5 ) x ( 13.392 / 26 ) N/m
= 19.018
r = F'
= 4 Nos.

Σm = nsx mS + Σmj
Page 23 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= 2 x 7+46.641
= 60.641 kg

= (60.641 / (4x13.392))+2.221
m'sc = 3.35304 kg
= 9.81 m/s2
Hence
r = 19.018/(4 x 3.353 x 9.81)
= 0.145
Page 24 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

δ1 = arctan (r)
= ATAN(0.145) rad
= 0.14355 rad
= 0.14355 × 180/π °
= 8.225 °

8 Fst
8 Fst
where
= 36979.776 N
= 39240 N
Hence
bcmax = 4 x 3.353 x 9.81 x 26^2/(8 x 36979.776) m
= 0.301 m
bcmin = 4 x 3.353 x 9.81 x 26^2/(8 x 39240) m
= 0.283 m
Tmax bc
= 2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 0.301/9.81) s
= 0.984 s
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tmin = bc
2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 0.283/9.81) s
= 0.955 s
Page 26 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tres.max = T
  2  1 
2

4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 0.984/[(1 + 0.145^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (8.225/90)^2}] s
= 0.980 s
T
Tres.min =  2

 2  1 
4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 0.955/[(1 + 0.145^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (8.225/90)^2}] s
= 0.951 s

E  0.3  0 .7  sin   90 0   
 
 nAs
fin

 fin  nAs
E For F st
  fin
where nA s
= 5E+07 N/m²
= 1.15E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
= 1.22E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
Hence,
= 2.95E+10 N/m²
Page 27 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= 3.03E+10 N/m²

Nmax = 1 1

where Sl nE s As
S = 100000 N/m , for strained conductors (for slack conductor = 1X10^5 i.e., l=lc)
Nmax = 1/(100000 x 26) + 1/(4 x 1.1E+07 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 3.95E-07 1/N
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Nmin = 1 1

Sl nE s As
Hence
Nmin = 1/(100000 x 26) + 1/(4 x 3.0E+10 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 3.95E-07 1/N

3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.35303778375149 x 26)^2 / (24 x 36979.776^3 x 3.95E-07)
= 0.024
zmin
 ng n m sc ' l  2
= 3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.35303778375149 x 26)^2 / (24 x 39240.000^3 x 3.95E-07)
= 0.020

δk =   Tk 1  For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5
 1 1  cos
  360 0 

  Tres 
where
= 1.000 s
Tk1/Tres max = 1.000/0.980

= 1.020 > 0.5
Hence
δkmax = 2 x 8.225
= 16.450 °
Tk1/Tres min = 1.000/0.951

= 1.051 > 0.5
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Hence
δkmin = 2 x 8.225
= 16.450 °
χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90°
1–r For δk > 90°
δkmax = 16.4497 °£ 90°
Hence
χmax = 1 – 0.145 · SIN(16.450)
= 0.959
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
δkmin = 16.4497 °£ 90°
Hence
= 0.959

δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i)
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)
180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii)

Hence
δm.max = 20.562 °
Hence
δm.min = 20.562 °
φ =

3 1 r 2 1  For T  Tres
k1
4
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For Tres
Tk1 
4
Tk1 = 1s
Tres.max = 0.245
4
Tres.min = 0.23784
4

4
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Hence
φmax = 3{√(1 + 0.14454^2) – 1}
= 0.031
Hence
φmin = 3{√(1 + 0.14454^2) – 1}
= 0.031
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0

For maximum
Ψmax = 0.0475
= 0.031^2×0.048^3+0.031(2+0.024)×0.048^2+(1+2×0.024)×0.048–0.024×(2+0.031)
= 0.000
For minimum
Ψmin = 0.040
= 0.031^2×0.040^3+0.031(2+0.020)×0.040^2+(1+2×0.020)×0.040–0.020×(2+0.031)
= 0.000

n = 4 Nos.
Hence
Ftmax = 1.1 x 36979.776 (1 + 0.031 x 0.048) N
Ftmax = 40737.995 N
4152.701 kg
Ftmin = 1.1 x 39240.000 (1 + 0.031 x 0.040) N
Ftmin = 43217.830 N
Page 33 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
4405.487 kg
Page 34 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

δm,max = 20.5621067702 °
δm,min = 20.5621067702 °
Ff,max = m
1.2 Fst 1  8z
180 0
Ff.max = 1.2 × 36979.776 x √(1 + 8 × 0.024 x 20.56/180°)
Ff.,max = 44867.797 N
= 4573.680 kg
Ff,min = 1.2 F m
st 1  8z
180 0
Ff,min = 1.2 × 39240.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.020 x 20.56/180°)
Ff,min = 47525.701 N
= 4844.618 kg
= 3.95E-7 *(40738 - 36979.776)
= 1.49E-03
Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s
2
 I "
c th  k 3  Tres / 4
 nAs 
Page 35 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
2
 I k 3 "
 nAs 
2
I 
 nA s 
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(4*0.0008050))²*0.98/4
εth = 1.02E-05
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

3 l 
CD = 1     els   th 
8  bc 
= √(1+3/8*(26/0.30)²*(1.49E-03+1.02E-05))
CD = 2.28
d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8
1.15 for r > 1.8
= 1.05
CF = 1.05000


= 1.05*2.28*0.3006(sin(8.22))
bh = 0.10 m
amin = a - 2bh
= 6.5- 2*0.10
amin = 6.29 m

where
= 0.450 m
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= 5.000 m
= 0.0369 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.450/0.0369
= 12.195
ls/as = 5.000/0.450
= 11.111
Page 38 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
k = 1.810

  f    k  1.02   
   2 3   ln  0.98

    
= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.810 – 1.02) / 0.98}]
= 0.044 s
d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft)
= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.04431)
= 1.499
e. Factor v1
v1 = 1  as  d s  m sc '
f
180 0 0  I k3 "  n  1
2
sin  
n 2  n  as
= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/4)} × √[{(0.45–0.0369) × 2.22}/{2E-7 × (40000/4)^2 × (4–1)/0.45}]
= 5.866
x . √(1 – A + B – C) – v1 = 0
where
sin  4x  2   sin 2
A =
4x
B = y/x · {1 – e–2x/y} sin2γ
C = 8πy sinγ / {1+(2πy)2} M
P = 2πy · cos(2πx – γ)/(2πx)
M = {(P + Q)e–x/y + R}
Page 39 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
x = fTpi
y = ft
= 50 · 0.04431
= 2.215
Tpi = 0.06966 s
.
x = 50 x 0.06966
= 3.483
Page 40 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= 0.005
B = 2.21541/3.48300 x {1 – EXP(–2×3.48300/2.21541)} (SIN1.49908)^2
= 0.606
P = 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(2 x π x 3.48300 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 0.022
Q = SIN(2 x π x 3.48300 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 0.046
R = {SIN(1.49908) – 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(1.49908)}/(2 x π x 3.48300)
= 6.6E-17
M = {(0.02232 + 0.04567) EXP(–3.48300/2.21541) + 6.60E-17}
= 0.014
C = 8 x π x 2.21541 x SIN(1.49908)/{1 + (2 x π x 2.21541)^2} x 0.01411
= 0.004
= 3.48300 x √(1 – 0.00487 + 0.60553 – 0.00402) – 5.86567
= -1.465
g. Factor v2
v2 = √(1 – A + B – C)
= √(1 – 0.00487 + 0.60553 – 0.00402)
= 1.264
h. Factor v3
d s / as  as / d s   1
v3 =
 180 0
sin 
 tan

1
 as / d s   1
 n 
 
= (0.0369/0.45)/SIN(180°/4) x √(0.45/0.0369–1)/ATAN{√(0.45/0.0369–1)}
= 0.303
Fv = 2
 n  1  0  I k 3 "  l s v 2
2  n  a s v 3
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= (4 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/4)^2 x (5/0.45) x (1.26358/0.30304)
= 2779.747 N
2 2
εst.max = 1.5 Fst l s N  180 0 
 sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 36979.776×5^2×3.95E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 1.605
Page 42 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
2 2
1 .5  sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 39240.000×5^2×3.95E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 1.702
3
εpi.max = Fv l s N
3
 180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

 as  ds 
3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2779.747×5^3×3.95E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 1.033
3 3
Fv l s N  180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2779.747×5^3×3.95E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 1.032
jmax =  pi
1   st
= √{1.03288/(1 + 1.60550)}
= 0.630
jmax 
= pi
1   st
= √{1.03218/(1 + 1.70246)}
= 0.618
for j = 0.630
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
& εst = 1.605 ≈ 2^1
for j = 0.618
& εst = 1.702 ≈ 2^1
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
m. Fpi =
 ve 
F st 
1    2


where,  st 
2
9   I "
A1.max = n n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 1.1E-04
2
A1.min = 9   I "
n  n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 1.07E-04
4
 180 0 

 sin 
A2.max =  ls 
4
 n 

v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 17647773.4673612
4
 180 0 

 sin 

A2min =
4
 ls   n 
v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 23737154.3546146
as  d s

v4.max = as    as  d s 
= 0.147
as  d s

v4.min = as    as  d s 
= 0.136
tan 1 v4
A3.max = 1 v4
= 0.045
tan 1 v4
A3.min = 1
v4
Page 45 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
tan 1 FORCE
v 4 CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS (FLEXIBLE
ATISINYA 400/220kV
BUS) 1 SUBSTATION CLB
v4
= 0.042
Hence
vemax = 9.714
vemin = 10.775
Page 46 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
 ve 
Fpi.max = F st 
1    2


 st 
Fpi.max = 40761 N
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.min = 
 st 
Fpi.min = 43437 N
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
= Maximum of ( 43218N,00000N,43437N) = 43437.35
= 43.4373
= 4.4279
Page 47 of 64
any Limited
DOCUMENT No. DATE
0092013-QH-7401-J-1107 5/30/2015
DG VT A
FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS
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sag value
(T x n x g)
sag value
(T x n x g)
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46.641 kg
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gth on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
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uctor

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g short-circuit current flow


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onductors
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ely if either one of following equations are fulfilled
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ring short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
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KN
Tonne
Page 78 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
TITLE: SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
QUAD AAC - 67.4 Meters
Page 33 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Page 34 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

1 BASIC PARAMETERS

= 5.39E+10 N/m2
a2 = 6500 mm

.
Page 35 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Page 36 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

Page 37 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
No. of cond. Length Mass/Unit

(m) Length
(i) Jumper - 1 2 x 7 x 2.221 =
(i) Dropper - 1 2 x 15 x 2.221 =
(i) Dropper - 2 2 x 15 x 2.221 =
Page 38 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

F' = 0  I " l c 2
 0.75  k 3 
where 2 a l
= 40000 A

= (a1+a2)/2
a = 6.5 m
= 67.4 m
= 67.4 - ( 2 x (5.304+1))
= 54.79 m
Hence
F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 6.5 ) x ( 54.792 / 67.4 ) N/m
= 30.016
r = F'
= 4 Nos.

Σm = nsx mS + Σmj
Page 39 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= 10 x 7+31.094
= 234.354 kg

= (234.354 / (4x54.792))+2.221
m'sc = 3.29029 kg
= 9.81 m/s2
Hence
r = 30.016/(4 x 3.290 x 9.81)
= 0.232
Page 40 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

δ1 = arctan (r)
= ATAN(0.232) rad
= 0.22843 rad
= 0.22843 × 180/π °
= 13.088 °

8 Fst
8 Fst
where
= 38773.044 N
= 39240 N
Hence
bcmax = 4 x 3.290 x 9.81 x 67.4^2/(8 x 38773.044) m
= 1.891 m
bcmin = 4 x 3.290 x 9.81 x 67.4^2/(8 x 39240) m
= 1.868 m
Tmax bc
= 2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.891/9.81) s
= 2.467 s
Page 41 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tmin = bc
2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.868/9.81) s
= 2.453 s
Page 42 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tres.max = T
  2  1 
2

4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 2.467/[(1 + 0.232^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (13.088/90)^2}] s
= 2.443 s
T
Tres.min =  2

 2  1 
4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 2.453/[(1 + 0.232^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (13.088/90)^2}] s
= 2.428 s

E  0.3  0.7  sin   90 0     fin
 

  nAs  fin  nAs
E For F st
  fin
where nA s
= 5E+07 N/m²
= 1.20E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
= 1.22E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
Hence,
= 3.01E+10 N/m²
Page 43 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= 3.03E+10 N/m²

Nmax = 1 1

where Sl nE s As
S = 100000 N/m , for strained conductors (for slack conductor = 1X10^5 i.e., l=lc
Nmax = 1/(100000 x 67.4) + 1/(4 x 1.2E+07 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 1.59E-07 1/N
Page 44 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Nmin = 1 1

Sl nE s As
Hence
Nmin = 1/(100000 x 67.4) + 1/(4 x 3.0E+10 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 1.59E-07 1/N

3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.29028931230837 x 67.4)^2 / (24 x 38773.044^3 x 1.59E-07)
= 0.341
zmin
 ng n m sc ' l  2
= 3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.29028931230837 x 67.4)^2 / (24 x 39240.000^3 x 1.59E-07)
= 0.329

δk =   Tk 1  For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5
 1 1  cos
  360 0 

  Tres 
where
= 1.000 s
Tk1/Tres max = 1.000/2.443

= 0.409 ≤ 0.5
Hence
δkmax = 13.088{1 – COS(360° x 1.000/2.443)} °
= 24.109 °
Tk1/Tres min = 1.000/2.428

= 0.412 ≤ 0.5
Page 45 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Hence
δkmin = 13.088{1 – COS(360° x 1.000/2.428)} °
= 24.216 °
χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90°
1–r For δk > 90°
δkmax = 24.1087 °£ 90°
Hence
χmax = 1 – 0.232 · SIN(24.109)
= 0.905
Page 46 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
δkmin = 24.2164 °£ 90°
Hence
= 0.905

δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i)
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)
180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii)

Hence
δm.max = 31.465 °
Hence
δm.min = 31.532 °
φ =

3 1 r 2 1  For Tk 1 
Tres
4
Tres
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For Tk 1 
4
Tk1 = 1s
Tres.max = 0.61075
4
Tres.min = 0.60711
4

4
Page 47 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Hence
φmax = 3{√(1 + 0.23248^2) – 1}
= 0.080
Hence
φmin = 3{√(1 + 0.23248^2) – 1}
= 0.080
Page 48 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0

For maximum
Ψmax = 0.4035
= 0.080^2×0.404^3+0.080(2+0.341)×0.404^2+(1+2×0.341)×0.404–0.341×(2+0.080)
= 0.000
For minimum
Ψmin = 0.3950
= 0.080^2×0.395^3+0.080(2+0.329)×0.395^2+(1+2×0.329)×0.395–0.329×(2+0.080)
= 0.000

n = 4 Nos.
Hence
Ftmax = 1.1 x 38773.044 (1 + 0.080 x 0.404) N
Ftmax = 44027.205 N
4487.992 kg
Ftmin = 1.1 x 39240.000 (1 + 0.080 x 0.395) N
Ftmin = 44528.085 N
Page 49 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
4539.050 kg
Page 50 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

δm,max = 31.4645384314 °
δm,min = 31.5315982497 °
Ff,max = m
1.2 Fst 1  8z
180 0
Ff.max = 1.2 × 38773.044 x √(1 + 8 × 0.341 x 31.46/180°)
Ff.,max = 56546.844 N
= 5764.204 kg
Ff,min = 1.2 F m
st 1  8z
180 0
Ff,min = 1.2 × 39240.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.329 x 31.53/180°)
Ff,min = 56923.096 N
= 5802.558 kg
= 1.59E-7 *(44027 - 38773.044)
= 8.34E-04
Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s
2
 I "
c th  k 3  Tres / 4
 nAs 
Page 51 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
2
 I k 3 "
 nAs 
2
I 
 nA s 
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(4*0.0008050))²*2.44/4
εth = 2.54E-05
Page 52 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

3 l 
CD = 1     els   th 
8  bc 
= √(1+3/8*(67.4/1.89)²*(8.34E-04+2.54E-05))
CD = 1.19
d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8
1.15 for r > 1.8
= 1.05
CF = 1.05000


= 1.05*1.19*1.8909(sin(13.09))
bh = 0.53 m
amin = a - 2bh
= 6.5- 2*0.53
amin = 5.43 m

where
= 0.450 m
Page 53 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= 5.000 m
= 0.0369 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.450/0.0369
= 12.195
ls/as = 5.000/0.450
= 11.111
Page 54 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
k = 1.810

  f    k  1.02  
   2 3   ln  0.98

    
= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.810 – 1.02) / 0.98}]
= 0.044 s
d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft)
= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.04431)
= 1.499
e. Factor v1
v1 = 1  as  d s  m sc '
f
180 0 0  I k3"  n  1
2
sin  
n 2  n  as
= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/4)} × √[{(0.45–0.0369) × 2.22}/{2E-7 × (40000/4)^2 × (4–1)/0.45}]
= 5.866
x . √(1 – A + B – C) – v1 = 0
where
sin  4x  2   sin 2
A =
4x
B = y/x · {1 – e–2x/y} sin2γ
C = 8πy sinγ / {1+(2πy)2} M
P = 2πy · cos(2πx – γ)/(2πx)
M = {(P + Q)e–x/y + R}
Page 55 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
x = fTpi
y = ft
= 50 · 0.04431
= 2.215
Tpi = 0.05304 s
.
x = 50 x 0.05304
= 2.652
Page 56 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= -0.022
B = 2.21541/2.65200 x {1 – EXP(–2×2.65200/2.21541)} (SIN1.49908)^2
= 0.755
P = 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(2 x π x 2.65200 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= -0.715
Q = SIN(2 x π x 2.65200 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= 0.031
R = {SIN(1.49908) – 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(1.49908)}/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= 8.7E-17
M = {(-0.71477 + 0.03106) EXP(–2.65200/2.21541) + 8.66E-17}
= -0.207
C = 8 x π x 2.21541 x SIN(1.49908)/{1 + (2 x π x 2.21541)^2} x -0.20653
= -0.059
= 2.65200 x √(1 – -0.02229 + 0.75525 – -0.05889) – 5.86567
= -2.272
g. Factor v2
v2 = √(1 – A + B – C)
= √(1 – -0.02229 + 0.75525 – -0.05889)
= 1.355
h. Factor v3
d s / as  as / d s   1
v3 =
 180 0
sin 
 tan

1
 as / d s   1
 n 
 
= (0.0369/0.45)/SIN(180°/4) x √(0.45/0.0369–1)/ATAN{√(0.45/0.0369–1)}
= 0.303
Fv = 2
 n  1  0  I k 3 "  l s v 2
2  n  a s v3
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= (4 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/4)^2 x (5/0.45) x (1.35515/0.30304)
= 2981.189 N
2 2
εst.max = 1.5 Fst l s N  180 0 
 sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 38773.044×5^2×1.59E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.676
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DESIGNED
2 2
1 .5  sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 39240.000×5^2×1.59E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.684
3
εpi.max = Fv l s N
3
 180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

 as  ds 
3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2981.189×5^3×1.59E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.445
3 3
Fv l s N  180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2981.189×5^3×1.59E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.445
jmax =  pi
1   st
= √{0.44484/(1 + 0.67599)}
= 0.515
jmax 
= pi
1   st
= √{0.44469/(1 + 0.68390)}
= 0.514
for j = 0.515
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
& εst = 0.676 ≈ 2^0
for j = 0.514
& εst = 0.684 ≈ 2^0
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
m. Fpi =
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2

 st 
where,
2
9   I "
A1.max = n n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 4.3E-05
2
A1.min = 9  0  I k3" 
n  n  1   N
8 2  n 
= 4.28E-05
4
 180 0 

 sin 
A2.max =  ls 
4
 n 

v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 35063986.2370546
4
 180 0 

 sin 

A2min =
4
 ls   n 
v2 
a d 

 s s  4
= 35063986.2370546
as  d s

v4.max = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
as  d s

v4.min = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
tan 1 v4
A3.max = 1 v4
= 0.038
tan 1 v4
A3.min = 1
v4
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
tan 1 FORCE
v 4 CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
v4
= 0.038
Hence
vemax = 8.083
vemin = 8.082
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.max = 
 st 
Fpi.max = 45450 N
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.min = 
 st 
Fpi.min = 45918 N
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
= Maximum of ( 44528N,00000N,45918N) = 45917.70
= 45.9177
= 4.6807
Page 63 of 64
any Limited
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DG VT A
ORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
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sag value
(T x n x g)
sag value
(T x n x g)
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31.094 kg
66.63 kg
66.63 kg
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ngth on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
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uctor

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ng short-circuit current flow


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conductors
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ely if either one of following equations are fulfilled
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uring short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
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For k ≥ 1.1 and if k < 1.1, then k = 1.1
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KN
Tonne
Page 94 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Page 50 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

1 BASIC PARAMETERS

= 5.39E+10 N/m2
a2 = 6500 mm

.
Page 51 of 64
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DESIGNED
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

Page 53 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
(i) Jumper - 1 3 x 7 x 2.221 =
(ii) Jumper - 2 3 x 7 x 2.221 =
Page 54 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

F' = 0  I " l c 2
 0.75  k 3 
where 2 a l
= 40000 A

= (a1+a2)/2
a = 6.5 m
= 60.75 m
= 60.75 - ( 2 x (5.304+1))
= 48.14 m
Hence
F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 6.5 ) x ( 48.142 / 60.75 ) N/m
= 29.260
r = F'
= 4 Nos.

Σm = nsx mS + Σmj
Page 55 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
= 7*9+(46.641+46.641)
= 156.282 kg

= (156.282 / (4x48.142))+2.221
m'sc = 3.03257 kg
= 9.81 m/s2
Hence
r = 29.260/(4 x 3.033 x 9.81)
= 0.246
Page 56 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

δ1 = arctan (r)
= ATAN(0.246) rad
= 0.24110 rad
= 0.24110 × 180/π °
= 13.814 °

8 Fst
8 Fst
where
= 38651.4 N
= 39240 N
Hence
bcmax = 4 x 3.033 x 9.81 x 60.75^2/(8 x 38651.4) m
= 1.420 m
bcmin = 4 x 3.033 x 9.81 x 60.75^2/(8 x 39240) m
= 1.399 m
Tmax bc
= 2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.420/9.81) s
= 2.138 s
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tmin = bc
2 0.8
gn
= 2 x π x √(0.8 x 1.399/9.81) s
= 2.122 s
Page 58 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Tres.max = T
  2  1 
2

4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 2.138/[(1 + 0.246^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (13.814/90)^2}] s
= 2.115 s
T
Tres.min =  2

 2  1 
4
1 r 2
1  

 64  0 
 90  

= 2.122/[(1 + 0.246^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (13.814/90)^2}] s
= 2.099 s

E  0 .3  0 .7  sin   90 0    fin
 nA  

  s fin  nAs
E For F st
  fin
where nA s
= 5E+07 N/m²
= 1.20E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
= 1.22E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
Hence,
= 3.01E+10 N/m²
Page 59 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= 3.03E+10 N/m²

Nmax = 1 1

where Sl nE s As
S = 100000 N/m , for strained conductors (for slack conductor = 1X10^5 i.e., l=l
Nmax = 1/(100000 x 60.75) + 1/(4 x 1.2E+07 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 1.75E-07 1/N
Page 60 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Nmin = 1 1

Sl nE s As
Hence
Nmin = 1/(100000 x 60.75) + 1/(4 x 3.0E+10 x 0.000805000) 1/N
= 1.75E-07 1/N

3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.03256786174235 x 60.75)^2 / (24 x 38651.400^3 x 1.75E-07)
= 0.216
zmin
 ng n m sc ' l  2
= 3
24 f st N
= (4 x 9.81 x 3.03256786174235 x 60.75)^2 / (24 x 39240.000^3 x 1.75E-07)
= 0.206

δk =   Tk 1  For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5
 1 1  cos
  360 0 

  Tres 
where
= 1.000 s
Tk1/Tres max = 1.000/2.115

= 0.473 ≤ 0.5
Hence
δkmax = 13.814{1 – COS(360° x 1.000/2.115)} °
= 27.428 °
Tk1/Tres min = 1.000/2.099

= 0.476 ≤ 0.5
Page 61 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
Hence
δkmin = 13.814{1 – COS(360° x 1.000/2.099)} °
= 27.477 °
χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90°
1–r For δk > 90°
δkmax = 27.4278 °£ 90°
Hence
χmax = 1 – 0.246 · SIN(27.428)
= 0.887
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
δkmin = 27.4773 °£ 90°
Hence
= 0.887

δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i)
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)
180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii)

Hence
δm.max = 34.418 °
Hence
δm.min = 34.447 °
φ =

3 1 r 2 1  For Tk 1 
Tres
4
Tres
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For Tk 1 
4
Tk1 = 1s
Tres.max = 0.52872
4
Tres.min = 0.52474
4

4
Page 63 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
Hence
φmax = 3{√(1 + 0.24589^2) – 1}
= 0.089
Hence
φmin = 3{√(1 + 0.24589^2) – 1}
= 0.089
Page 64 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0

For maximum
Ψmax = 0.3020
= 0.089^2×0.302^3+0.089(2+0.216)×0.302^2+(1+2×0.216)×0.302–0.216×(2+0.089)
= 0.000
For minimum
Ψmin = 0.293
= 0.089^2×0.293^3+0.089(2+0.206)×0.293^2+(1+2×0.206)×0.293–0.206×(2+0.089)
= 0.000

n = 4 Nos.
Hence
Ftmax = 1.1 x 38651.400 (1 + 0.089 x 0.302) N
Ftmax = 43663.922 N
4450.960 kg
Ftmin = 1.1 x 39240.000 (1 + 0.089 x 0.293) N
Ftmin = 44292.212 N
Page 65 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
4515.006 kg
Page 66 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED

δm,max = 34.417509101 °
δm,min = 34.4466491644 °
Ff,max = m
1.2 Fst 1  8z
180 0
Ff.max = 1.2 × 38651.400 x √(1 + 8 × 0.216 x 34.42/180°)
Ff.,max = 53484.921 N
= 5452.082 kg
Ff,min = 1.2 F m
st 1  8z
180 0
Ff,min = 1.2 × 39240.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.206 x 34.45/180°)
Ff,min = 54008.164 N
= 5505.419 kg
= 1.75E-7 *(43664 - 38651.4)
= 8.77E-04
Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s
2
 I "
cth  k 3  Tres / 4
 nAs 
Page 67 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
2
 I k 3 "
 nAs 
2
I 
 nA s 
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(4*0.0008050))²*2.11/4
εth = 2.20E-05
Page 68 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED

3 l 
CD = 1     els   th 
8  bc 
= √(1+3/8*(60.75/1.42)²*(8.77E-04+2.20E-05))
CD = 1.27
d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8
1.15 for r > 1.8
= 1.05
CF = 1.05000


= 1.05*1.27*1.4203(sin(13.81))
bh = 0.45 m
amin = a - 2bh
= 6.5- 2*0.45
amin = 5.59 m

where
= 0.450 m
Page 69 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= 5.000 m
= 0.0369 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.450/0.0369
= 12.195
ls/as = 5.000/0.450
= 11.111
So, sub-conductors shall not clash effectively during short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall b
Page 70 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
k = 1.810

  f    k  1.02  
   2 3   ln  0.98

    
= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.810 – 1.02) / 0.98}]
= 0.044 s
d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft)
= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.04431)
= 1.499
e. Factor v1
v1 = 1  as  d s  m sc '
f
180 0 0  I k3"  n  1
2
sin  
n 2  n  as
= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/4)} × √[{(0.45–0.0369) × 2.22}/{2E-7 × (40000/4)^2 × (4–1)/0.45}]
= 5.866
x . √(1 – A + B – C) – v1 = 0
where
sin  4x  2   sin 2
A =
4x
B = y/x · {1 – e–2x/y} sin2γ
C = 8πy sinγ / {1+(2πy)2} M
P = 2πy · cos(2πx – γ)/(2πx)
M = {(P + Q)e–x/y + R}
Page 71 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
x = fTpi
y = ft
= 50 · 0.04431
= 2.215
Tpi = 0.05304 s
.
x = 50 x 0.05304
= 2.652
Page 72 of 64
DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
= -0.022
B = 2.21541/2.65200 x {1 – EXP(–2×2.65200/2.21541)} (SIN1.49908)^2
= 0.755
P = 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(2 x π x 2.65200 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= -0.715
Q = SIN(2 x π x 2.65200 – 1.49908)/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= 0.031
R = {SIN(1.49908) – 2 x π x 2.21541 x COS(1.49908)}/(2 x π x 2.65200)
= 8.7E-17
M = {(-0.71477 + 0.03106) EXP(–2.65200/2.21541) + 8.66E-17}
= -0.207
C = 8 x π x 2.21541 x SIN(1.49908)/{1 + (2 x π x 2.21541)^2} x -0.20653
= -0.059
= 2.65200 x √(1 – -0.02229 + 0.75525 – -0.05889) – 5.86567
= -2.272
g. Factor v2
v2 = √(1 – A + B – C)
= √(1 – -0.02229 + 0.75525 – -0.05889)
= 1.355
h. Factor v3
d s / as  as / d s   1
v3 =
 180 0
sin 
 tan

1
 as / d s   1
 n 
 
= (0.0369/0.45)/SIN(180°/4) x √(0.45/0.0369–1)/ATAN{√(0.45/0.0369–1)}
= 0.303
Fv = 2
 n  1  0  I k 3 "  l s v 2
2  n  a s v3
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DESIGNED
= (4 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/4)^2 x (5/0.45) x (1.35515/0.30304)
= 2981.189 N
2 2
εst.max = 1.5 Fst l s N  180 0 
 sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 38651.400×5^2×1.75E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.743
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DESIGNED
2 2
1 .5  sin 
 a s  d s  2  n 
= 1.5 x 39240.000×5^2×1.75E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^2 x {SIN(180°/4)}^2
= 0.754
3
εpi.max = Fv l s N
3
 180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

 as  ds 
3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2981.189×5^3×1.75E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.490
3 3
Fv l s N  180 0 
0.375n sin 
 n 

3
 
= 0.375 x 4 x 2981.189×5^3×1.75E-07/(0.45 – 0.0369)^3 x {SIN(180°/4)}^3
= 0.490
jmax =  pi
1   st
= √{0.49041/(1 + 0.74291)}
= 0.530
jmax 
= pi
1   st
= √{0.49022/(1 + 0.75392)}
= 0.529
for j = 0.530
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DESIGNED
& εst = 0.743 ≈ 2^0
for j = 0.529
& εst = 0.754 ≈ 2^0
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DOCUMENT No.
(KETRACO) 0092013-QH-7401-J-1107
DESIGNED
m. Fpi =
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2

 st 
where,
2
9   I "
A1.max = n n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 4.7E-05
2
A1.min = 9   I "
n  n  1 0  k 3  N
8 2  n 
= 4.72E-05
4
 180 0 

 sin 
A2.max =  ls 
4
 n 

v2 
 a  d 

 s s  4
= 35063986.2370546
4
 180 0 

 sin 

A2min =
4
 ls   n 
v2 
 a  d 

 s s  4
= 35063986.2370546
as  d s

v4.max = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
as  d s

v4.min = as    as  d s 
= 0.124
tan 1 v4
A3.max = 1 v4
= 0.038
tan 1 v4
A3.min = 1
v4
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DESIGNED
tan 1 FORCE
v 4 CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
v4
= 0.038
Hence
vemax = 8.464
vemin = 8.462
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DOCUMENT No.
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DESIGNED
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.max = 
 st 
Fpi.max = 44993 N
 ve 
1   
Fst  
2
Fpi.min = 
 st 
Fpi.min = 45583 N
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
= Maximum of ( 44292N,00000N,45583N) = 45582.53
= 45.5825
= 4.6465
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ORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS
UAD AAC - 60.75 Meters
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sag value
(T x n x g)
sag value
(T x n x g)
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46.641 kg
46.641 kg
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th on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
t conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
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nductors
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y if either one of following equations are fulfilled
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ing short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
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KN
Tonne
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QH 7401 J 1107 A

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RPOPERTY OF NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.

CUSTOMER: KENYA ELECTRICITY

CONSULTANT: LAHMEYER INTERNA

SHORT CIRCUIT FORC

THE WORLD BANK

LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL GMPH

NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR 400KV FLEXIBLE

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION - 400kV FLEXIBLE BUS

1 -- -- SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION INDEX

2 -- -- SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION SUMMARY

3 400KV SWYD S1 52.0m MAIN BUS (QUAD "805 Sq.mm"AAC)

FORCE CALCULATION - 400kV FLEXIBLE BUS

1 52.0m Main Bus QUAD AAC 4000 4578.8

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR MAIN BUS

QUAD AAC - 52 Meters

The following calculations are based on IEC - 865

b. Highest System Voltage V = 420 kV

c. Short Circuit Rating Ik3'' = 40.0 kA

e. Duration of Short Circuit current flow Tk1 = 1s

2 CONDUCTOR & ANCHORING DETAILS

a. Details of Main Conductor

(ii) Number of sub-conductor per phase n = 4 Nos.

(iv) Cross-section of one sub-conductor AS = 805.00 mm2

(v) Young's Modulus E = 5.5E+05 Kg./Cm2

(vi) Diameter of conductor = 36.90 mm

(vii) Centre-line dist. between main conductor mid-points a1 = 6500 mm

(ix) Minimum Temperature Temp min = 0 °C

(x) Maximum Temperature Temp max = 80 °C

(xii) Material Constant Cth = 2.7E-19 m4/A2s

(xiii) Co-efficient of thermal expansion a = 2.3E-05 /°C

(xiv) No. of Aluminimum Strand Al strand = 61

(xv) No. of Steel Strand St strand = 0

Conventional value of acceleration of gravity

b. Details of Anchoring of Main Conductor

(i) Conductor span = 52.00 m

(ii) Initial tension of conductor = 1000 kg

(iii) Tension of conductor = 9810 × 4 N = 39240 N

(vi) Tension at maximum temperature at 80°C

Tension per conductor = 979.10 kg

then, Fst. Max = 38419.88 N

(v) Tension at minimum temperature at 0°C

Tension per conductor = 1000.00 kg

then, Fst. Min = 39240.00 N

vi) Girder width = 2000 mm

(vii) Length of Insulator Chain = ( 145 x 30 ) li = 5304 mm

a) Distance between centres of disc units = 145 mm

b) No of insulator discs = 30 discs

(viii) No. of Insulator String ni = 2 Nos.

(ix) Weight of Insulator String = 270 kg

(x) Diameter of disc Insulator = 0.280 m

(xi) Length of Hardware = 954 mm

(xii) Weight of Hardware = 45 kg

(ii) Distance between two adjacent spacers = 5000 mm

(iii) Unit Mass of Spacers = 7 kg

(iv) No. of Spacers = 7

No. of cond. Length(m) Mass/Unit Length

(i) Jumper - 1 3 x 7 x 2.221 =

(ii) Jumper - 2 3 x 7 x 2.221 =

3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points

l = Centre-line distance between supports

= l – (2 × ( length of one insulator chain + half of the girder width))