SOLUTIONS UNIT 1: MARRIAGE AND LOVE

AFFAIRS

A) WARMING UP:

Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.
2) Open answer.
3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE:

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1. Open answer.
2. Open answer.
3. Open answer.
4. Open answer.
5. Open answer.

C) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES

Step 1

Open answer

Step 3

1)
1. a 6. b
2. c 7. b
3. b 8. a
4. a 9. b
5. a 10.b

2)
a) When you put other women and wives together you are mixing apples and
oranges.

1
 b) Two lovers are having a bottle of wine together.
c) A wife cannot devote as much attention to a passionate love affair.
d) A wife’s time is not her own.
e) She never tells you how much things cost.
f) I could see my wife putting her hand around her soup plate.
g) If I hadn’t ducked, the soup plate would have hit me right between the
eyes.

3) ORAL PRODUCTION
Discuss with your Tutor and classmates

Open answer

4) WRITTEN PRODUCTION

a) Open answer.
b) Open answer.
c) Open answer.

5)
a) If I had heard… I would / could / might have got up much earlier.
b) If you had told me… I would/might/could have asked him in.
c) If I had known… I would(might have brought my cigarettes.
d) If he hadn’t taken… he wouldn’t/might not have got a cold.
e) If the weather had been… we would/could have gone to the mountains for
the weekend.
f) If I had known… I wouldn’t/might not have thrown it away.
g) If it hadn’t been… he would / could / might have been attacked.
h) If he had told… they would / might/ could have given it to him.
i) If you had put… the teacher would/might / could have asked you.
j) If the bus had stopped… we could/ would/ might have got on it.
k) If he had followed… he would / could / might have got the job.

6)
a) If we had known she wanted to come, we would/ might/ could have sent
her an invitation.
b) If I had had time, I would/ could/ might have gone to the cinema.
c) If you had told me you liked classical music, I would have bought you the

2
 record.
d) If we had known you had arrived yesterday, we would/ could/ might have
gone to visit you.
e) If I had had enough time, I would/ could/ might have read your report.
f) If I had heard the news report, I wouldn’t/might not have gone to the beach

7)
a) … will/can come back tomorrow.
b) … had saved enough money.
c) … will be on time.
d) … worked in this office.
e) … will be able to rent the car.
f) … have a swim suit.
g) … would / might/ could have gone to Paris.
h) … come to my house.
i) … will make enough money for her trip
j) … wouldn’t/ might not have been so worried.
k) … passes the exam

D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)
a) have to do with e) face it
b) turn red f) be / set apart
c) come up with g) blow up
d) hold against

2)
a) iron e) feed
b) worry f) mix
c) won g) honors
d) devoted h) remarked

3
3)
a) mystery d) discussion
b) affair e) choice
c) role

4)
a) come up with e) turned red
b) set apart f) face it
c) has to do with g) blown up
d) held it against
5)

Down
1. remarks; 4. lover; 6. iron; 7. suits; 8. fix; 9. mystery; 11. lively

Across
2. choice; 3. mad; 5. discussion; 9. mixing; 10. roles; 12. honored; 13. affair

E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?

1)

different necessarily
beautiful attention
mistresses passionate
essential worried
affair exaggerated
breathless bottle
remember putting
butter apart

4
 continued homage

Open answer

2)
permission commission
television decision
revision erosion
concession succession
compassion aggression
precision explosion
possession expression
admission intrusion
conclusion suppression
invasion exclusion
impression digression

F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?

1)
car door
gold watch
stamp collector
shoe laces
door-handle
baby-sitter
tennis ball
travel agent
television set

5
 G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)
a) for having
b) at playing
c) about gaining
d) to waiting
e) of going
f) to seeing
g) in reading

2)
a) whatever
b) whenever/ wherever
c) whoever
d) whichever
e) whoever
f) whatever
g) whichever
h) wherever
i) whoever
j) however
k) whatever

3)
a) that the other woman i s / was always ready to do anything you
want/wanted to do.
b) that she will/would dance all night or throw logs…
c) that she knew that he would come up with…
d) why they were just discussing…

6
 e) that a wife can/could not devote so much attention to…
f) that it was worse if she had/has the school car pool.

4)
a) said
b) told
c) said
d) said
e) told
f) said
g) said
h) told

7
SOLUTIONS UNIT 2: ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES TODAY
A) WARMING UP:
Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.
2) Open answer.
3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE:
b)
1. Open answer.
2. Open answer.
3. Open answer.
4. Open answer.
5. Open answer.

D) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES
Step 1:
Open answer

Step 3

1)
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. c

8
2)
a) The hot rock system has been proved only experimentally.
b) Water is easily accessible almost everywhere.
c) The engineering and the economics are still being worked out.
d) So far no one has formed an organization of water-producing countries.
e) A multilayered resource that comes at different temperatures.
f) For the householder, groundwater is the heat source to look to.

3)
a) Open answer.
b) Open answer
c) Open answer
d) Open answer
e) Open answer

4)
a) yet
b) just
c) already/yet
d) already/just
e) yet/already
f) just
g) still
h) already
i) yet
j) just
k) still/already

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5)
a) The picture was brilliantly painted.
b) The test was successfully finished.
c) Elisabeth is easily discouraged.
d) The table is skillfully made.
e) The poem was beautifully written.
f) The money has been mysteriously taken.

6)
a) height high
b) wide wide
c) length long
d) depth deep

7)
a) Half the food has unfortunately been wasted.
b) A great deal of alcohol has apparently been consumed during the party.
c) My umbrella has surprisingly been stolen.
d) You have obviously been informed of the result of the operation.
e) They have luckily been given a cheque.

8)
a) Every h) much
b) All i) much
c) much j) many
d) Much k) every
e) All l) all
f) much m) many
g) every n) much

10
9) ORAL PRODUCTION
Open answer

D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)
a) prove
b) contains
c) drive
d) exploit
e) keep
f) discovered

2)
a) 5 (n.)
b) 6 (n.)
c) 4 (past part.)
d) 3 (v.)
e) 1 (v.)
f) 2 (adj.)

3)
a) work out
b) depends on
c) is… promising
d) puts… to use
e) look to
f) were… available
g) is… reliable

4)
a) outlook
b) source
c) depth
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 d) owner
e) energy
f) store
g) border
h) ground

5)
a) It is interesting that water could be a source of energy, as previously it has
scarcely been used
b) One advantage is that water can be found right in the back yard.
c) Household heat will most likely come from ordinary groundwater.
d) The heat of the water should be enough to drive the generating plant’s
turbines.
e) However, no-one has formed an organization to unite the countries that
would be involved in the scheme.
f) The costs and engineering requirements of the hot rock system are still
being worked out.
g) Householders who are interested in cheap energy should look to this new
source.
h) It is cheap because the earth itself is a huge solar energy collector and
insulator.
i) The water is kept at a constant temperature the year round.
j) Groundwater can be found in wells as shallow as 50 ft.

6)
Down
1. certain; 2. every; 4. reliable; 7. available; 8. outlook; 12. border;
14. promising.

Across
3. drive; 5. exploited; 6. contain; 9. constant; 10. depth; 11. shallow;
13. store; 15. owner.

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 E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?
1)
feeble; fatal; bubble; practical; strangle; special; principal/le
vocal; legal; bundle: plural; riddle; accidental; cattle
cradle; saddle; topical; local; jungle: sensible; believable

F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?

1) a
out: outlook / lookout, outside, outlaw, outlay.
work: homework, workbook, workhouse, housework, daywork, workday.
land: farmland, wasteland, landslide, landlocked.
side: sidewalk, bedside, riverside, sidestep.
set: outset, upset / setup, onset, inset.

1) b. Houseolder, groundwater, solar-energy.

2)

noun + noun adjective + noun verb + noun

bookshop blackbird walking stick

weekend gentleman mixing bowl
bath (-) towel redskin drinking straw
shop (-) window sleeping bag
ice - cream

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 G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)
a) Newspapers are sent to every household/ Every household is sent a
newspaper.
b) The students are being examined at the moment.
c) I was met at the station.
d) It was being talked about all morning.
e) All the milk has been used up.
f) All the seats had been taken before we arrived.
g) Your suit will be cleaned tomorrow.
h He doesn’t want his books to be read.
i) More people should be invited to the party.
j) He was interviewed for the job yesterday.

2)
a) Every word he said was taken down.
b) Their house has been broken into.
c) You are being asked for at the office.
d) Their children won’t be looked after if they die.
e) A plan must be worked out.
f) The parcel wasn’t tied up properly.
g) If the book has got lost, it should be looked for.

14
UNIT 3: SHRINKS AND PSYCHOANALYSIS

A) WARMING UP

Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1. Open answer.

2. Open answer.

3. Open answer.

4. Open answer.

5. Open answer.

C) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES

Step 1
a) Open answer
b) Open answer

15
Step 3

1)

1. b 6. c
2. a 7. a
3. c 8. b
4. c 9. c
5. b 10. a

2)

a) Some have accepted the idea that man is not naturally aggressive.
b) These fantasies arise partly from innate aggressiveness.
c) A mother who fulfils his every need without delay.
d) Their patient’s earliest needs have not been met.
e) Psychoanalysts are apt to take too negative a view of aggression.
f) There is a tendancy amongst psyhcoanalysts to treat aggression as
pathological.
g) Parents can’t secure a perfect environment for their children.

3)

a) Open answer.
b) Open answer.
c) Open answer.

4)

16
 a) have read f) Have you booked
b) has been g) began
c) were h) hasn’t come
d) have been/were i) haven’t seen
e) telephoned

5)

1.
a) suggestive
b) suggestion
c) suggestively

2.
a) destructive
b) destructively
c) destruction

3.
a) construction
b) constructive
c) constructively

4.
a) repression
b) repressive
c) repressively

5.
a) impression
b) impressive
c) impressively

6)

17
 a) in front of g) in the name of
b) on the verge of h) in need of
c) in order to i) in memory of
d) in favour of j) in addition to
e) in the middle of k) on account of
f) on behalf of l) in anticipation of

D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)

a) increasingly e) recognize
b) accept f) active
c) destructively g) failure
d) partly h) neglect

2)

a) aggression e) greedy
b) widely f) principal
c) terrifying g) fulfil
d) arise h) tendency

3)

a) expecting d) fulfils
b) admit/accept e) supposed
c) claimed f) accept/admit

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 g) directed h) recognize

4)

a) intensity f) aggression
b) environment g) tendency
c) school h) concern
d) inquiries i) failure
e) origin j) delay

5)

a. 6 e. 2
b. 7 f. 5
c. 8 g. 3
d. 1 h. 4

6)

a) directs e) grant
b) treat f) accept
c) recognize g) school
d) entertained h) meet

7)

Down
2. active; 4. aggression; 5. arise; 6. treat; 10. environment; 14. expect.

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 Across
1. grant; 3. principal; 5. accept; 7. recognize; 8. claim; 9. greedy;
11. rid; 12. widely; 13. concern; 15. entirely; 16. entertain; 17. admit.

E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?

1)

potential partial
special suspicion
social efficient
essential circumstantial
ancient politician
initial gracious
torrential influential
precious artificial
official confidential
musician delicious

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2)

George jolly James

judge gin inject
giant jar magic
Egypt engine energy
gentleman digest reject
rejoice jug jacket
German suggest tragedy
revenge imagine cage
joy jockey joke

F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?

1)

ADJ NOUN ADJ NOUN

rapid rapidity universal universality
happy happiness equal equality
useful usefulness sad sadness
respectabl respectability scarce scarcity
banal banality red redness
selfish selfishness dense density
mean meanness hilarious hilarity
elastic elasticity shy shyness
clever cleverness able ability

2)

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 N / ADJ VERB N / ADJ VERB
popular popularize clear clarify
symbol simbolize standard standardize
beauty beautify legal legalize
justice justify example exemplify
horror horrify mobile mobilize
magnitude magnify quality qualify
economy economize satisfactory satisfy
familiar familiarize unity unify
pure purify modern modernize
false falsify national nationalize
class classify general generalize
industrial industrialize special specialize

G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)

1. c 4. c
2. b 5. a
3. c 6. b

2)

a) It is dangerous to drive a sports car.

b) It is considered most unwise to do business with a friend.
c) It is quite unusual to have snow in April.
d) It is healthy to eat fruit and vegetables.
e) It seemed unnecessary to stay up all night waiting for them to arrive.

22
3)

contrary to doubtful of/ about good at

worried about angry at/ about superior to
excited about ashamed of think of/ about
quick at/ to speak to/about/of contrary to
laugh at/ about afraid of jealous of

4)

a) A lovely red rose.

b) A clear, sunny day.
c) A grey silk blouse.
d) A big, colourful Italian painting.
e) A fine Dutch, wooden chair.
f) A poor, old, defenceless dog.
g) An attractive modern city.
h) A long, boring political conference.
i) A useless old pen.
j) A clean tidy house.

5)

a) a, Ø /a g) the
b) The, the h) The, Ø
c) Ø, Ø, Ø, Ø i) Ø, the
d) The, a j) the, the, the
e) The, Ø k) a, a
f) the, Ø

23
UNIT 4: HEALTHY DIETS
A) WARMING UP

Discuss with your tutor or classmates

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates

1. Open answer.

2. Open answer.

3. Open answer.

4. Open answer.

5. Open answer.

E) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES

Step 1:

Open answer

Step 3

1)

1. b 6. c
2. c 7. c
3. a 8. b
4. b 9. a
5. b 10. c

24
2)

a) Open answer. d) Open answer.

b) Open answer. e) Open answer.

c) Open answer. f) Open answer.

3)
a) When he compared ape relatives to hunter gatherers, he found that one
fundamental difference was diet.

b) Scientists in tweed jackets measured fossil brains in order to learn how

intelligence arose.

c) They examined piles of garbage among which they found butchering tools.

d) Since hominids had an appetite for big game, they had to drag back heavy
chunks of meat.

e) Scavenging was successful, so man flourished and spread beyond the

savannas. / Scavenging was so successful that…

f) They needed cooperation. Therefore, they created close-knit societies that

lived together.

g) The African side had no spears or arrows, since it appears that they were
scavenging from other carnivores.

h) Once scavenging appeared it quickly spread far beyond the savannas.

4) ORAL AND WRITTEN PRODUCTION

1. Open answer.
2. Open answer

5)

a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

25
 D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)

a) together e) heavy
b) primitive f) cooperation
c) shaped g) stimulated
d) ancestors h) flourished

2)

a) marks f) blade
b) appetite g) relatives
c) patterns h) ability
d) grave i) heaps
e) competitors j) mate

3)

a) cut up f) hunt
b) shaped g) spread
c) support h) analyzed
d) wandering i) dragged
e) searched

4)

1.

a. 6 d. 3
b. 2 e. 4
c. 1 f. 5

26
 2.
a) grave d) favoured
b) shape e) supported
c) games f) pattern

5)

a) in a sense
b) far beyond
c) left by
d) rather than
e) no longer

6)

a) go out f) go by
b) go round g) went through
c) go ahead h) go without
d) gone through i) go over
e) go on j) went down

7)

Down
1. mate; 2. favour; 4. blade; 5. sufficient; 7. arrow; 8. marks; 9. heaps; 12.
ability.

Across
3. appetite; 5. spread; 6. grave; 10. competitors; 11. patterns; 13. tribe; 14.
lately; 15. unlike.

27
 E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?

1)
a) knives g) scarves
b) wolves h) thieves
c) handkerchiefs i) safes
d) dwarfs / ves j) loaves
e) cliffs k) proofs
f) shelves l) leaves

2)

grace romance
space distance
promise service
dice office
advance entrance
tense loose
chance chase
instance circumstance
glance mouse
case fence
expense

28
 F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?

1)

ROOT WORD DERIVED TERM ROOT WORD DERIVED TERM

type typist garden gardener

analysis analyst biology biologist
teach teacher paint painter
swim swimmer farm farmer
psychology psychologist geology geologist
economics economist psychiatry psychiatrist
guitar guitarist law lawyer
write writer photo photographer
drive driver novel novelist

2)

DERIVED TERM ROOT WORD DERIVED TERM ROOT WORD

creator create director direct

confessor confess inspector inspect

editor edit navigator navigate

operator operate visitor visit

solicitor solicit conductor conduct

actor act successor success

29
 G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)

a) Flying d) Watching
b) Playing e) Studying
c) Writing f) Driving

2)

a) having f) taking
b) to take g) to close
c) to drive h) to buy
d) laughing i) talking
e) getting j) driving

3)

a) I’m interested in meeting people

b) Mary is used to working hard.
c) I must apologize for being late.
d) Jane is afraid of losing her friends.
e) We are looking forward to seeing you tomorrow.
f) He is thinking of buying a new house.
g) They are fond of climbing.
h) She insists on seeing him.
i) We are used to waiting for them.

30
4)

a) reading glasses e) dining-room

b) walking stick f) rocking chair
c) fishing boat g) boarding house
d) skiing outfit

5)

a) The police discovered not only where he lived but how he had got/gotten
the money to pay for the house.

b) They wanted to know not only if he had attended the meeting that morning
but what his point of view had been.

c) The detective investigated not only the reason why the murder had been
committed but how it had been carried out.

d) The President has to think not only of what to say to his employees but
how to say it.

e) She was interested not only in the kind of food they eat in Japan but how
they cook it.

6)

31
 a) on - at f) in - at k) in - at
b) on g) at - in l) in
c) in h) on - at m) at
d) on - at i) in - at
e) in - at j) In - on

7)

a) Ø / which / that e) that / who i) that / which

b) Ø / that / who f) that / which j) who / that
c) that / who g) which k) which
d) Ø / that / which h) which

32
SOLUTIONS UNIT 5: PESTICIDES AND THE FOOD CHAIN

A) WARMING UP:
Discuss with your tutor or classmates.
1) Open answer.
2) Open answer.
3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE:

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer. 5) Open answer.
2) Open answer. 6) Open answer.
3) Open answer. 7) Open answer.
4) Open answer.

c) Open answer

C) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES

Step 1
Open answer

Step 3

1)
1. a 5. c 9. a
2. a 6. c 10. a
3. b 7. c 11. c
4. a 8. b 12. a

33
2)
a) Nor is genetic engineering much of a help.
b) More than 450 species of insect are now resistant to DDT.
c) Resistance is one of the clearest instances of Darwinian natural selection.
d) It survives while the others perish.
e) Resistance is usually irreversible.
f) In the United States half of all antibiotics are used to make farm animals
grow faster.
g) Colorado potato beetles have beaten almost everything thrown at them.
h) By l968, the country had an epidemy of more than 1 million cases.

3)
a) Open answer. d) Open answer.
b) Open answer. e) Open answer.
c) Open answer.

4)
a) Open answer.
b) Open answer

D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)
a) versatility e) perish
b) enemy f) harmless
c) revert g) susceptible
d) adopt

34
2)
a) advantage f) programme
b) relief g) instances
c) ways h) chemists
d) disaster i) guts
e) cases

3)
a) 7 e) 2 i) 6
b) 8 f) 4 j) 12
c) 1 g) 5 k) 10
d) 3 h) 9 l) 11

4)
a) cropped g) adopts
b) raise h) programme
c) disarming i) strain
d) double j) beetle
e) beat k) guts
f) lodge l) chemist

5)
a) evolution e) development
b) invention f) encouragement
c) survival g) deployment
d) avoidance

6)
a) doubled f) raised k) invented
b) fell g) develop l) rout
c) beat h) adopted m) swap
d) spread i) encouraged n) deployed
e) avoided j) lodged o) perished

35
7)
a) crops e) Agriculture
b) simply f) versatility
c) strain g) conferred
d) weeds h) sprayed

8)
a) it is no match for d) it has yet to
b) get better at e) not much of a help
c) out of control f) revert to

9)
a) At this rate e) as soon as
b) not only… but f) pass on
c) for some time g) happens to
d) before long

10)
a) pass for d) passed over
b) pass out e) passing (himself) off
c) pass up

11)
a) call on d) keep on
b) turn on e) hold on
c) put on

12)
Down
1. programme; 3. instances; 5. adopt; 6. enemy; 7. harmless; 8. weeds;
10. simply.
Across

36
 2. disaster; 4. ways; 5. advantage; 9. encourages; 11. invented; 12. cases; 13.
lodge; 14. crops.

E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?

1)
ingenuity resistant example
deployed encourages programme
strategic successive appeared
defence passed least
initiative beetles benign
resistance thrown happening
relief beginning engineering
instances beat selection
season penicillin meanwhile
possess spraying spreads

2)
need beneath stream seem / seam
disappear reach deep indeed
wheat cream steam feed
team / teem seed cheap / cheep meal
speed treasure conceal cheek
treaty repeat defeat greet
least fleet peace leave
sweep season disease speech
keep breath breeze teeth

37
 F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?
1)
a) bases f) phenomena k) axes
b) alumni g) radii l) curricula/
c) focuses h) theses curriculums
d) diagnoses i) media
e) formulas j) crises

2)
Indonesian violinist racist
stylist Buddhist Persian
loyalist economist geologist
librarian scientist historian
musician politician artist

G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)
a) work, am taking. f) writes, working.
b) plays, is interpreting. g) go, are staying.
c) put, painting. h) am, am living.
d) see, talking. i) am staying, have.
e) wears, is wearing.

2)
a) A charming, young Italian girl.
b) A delicious chocolate cake.
c) A hand-made woollen pullover.
d) A lovely long, silk dress.

38
 e) A valuable round wooden table.
f) Nasty cold weather.
g) A big red English dictionary.

3)
a) each / every g) both l) every
b) all h) many m) both
c) many i) All n) much
d) each / every j) Several o) many
e) both k) all, each /
f) all / half every

4)
a) The people working in my office are very friendly.
b) The man teaching me English is from London.
c) The child standing in the corner has been punished.
d) They found a bag on the airplane containing a bomb.
e) He wrote many books relating to his own experiences.

5)
a) His way of doing things annoys me.
b) His way of speaking is funny.
c) Her way of working is most disordered.
d) Her way of dressing is sophisticated

6)
a) among e) within i) within
b) between f) between j) between
c) among g) between k) within
d) among h) among

39
7)
a) This is the hottest summer I (can) remember.
b) He is not as clever as his brother.
c) John is the best driver I know.
d) The trip is much faster by car than by train.
e) She gets up earlier than anyone else in the house.
f) It’s the worst film I’ve (ever) seen.
g) The questions were more difficult than we expected.
h) John does not work as hard as his brother/ John is not so/as hard-working
as his brother/ John is less hard-working than his brother

8)
a) from f) at, in k) at
b) in g) at, at, to l) at, in
c) into h) From, in/on m) at
d) in i) on/into
e) to j) from, to

9)
a) the, Ø, the, Ø f) Ø, the
b) Ø, the, Ø g) Ø, Ø
c) The, the, Ø h) Ø, Ø, the/ Ø
d) Ø, the, the, Ø i) The, Ø, the
e) Ø, Ø, Ø, the j) The, the, Ø

40
SOLUTIONS UNIT 6: URSULA AND OTHER INSPIRING WOMEN

A) WARMING UP:
Discuss with your tutor or classmates.
1) Open answer.
2) Open answer.
3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DISCOURSE:
b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer. 4) Open answer.

2) Open answer. 5) Open answer.
3) Open answer.

C) MULTI-TASKING ACTIVITIES
Step 1
Open answer

Step 3
1)
a) False. “Between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two quite a number of
personable young ladies drifted in and out of my life and none of them made a
very deep impression upon me with the exception of Ursula Pendragon White”

b) True.
c) False.”It is possible that my attention would not have been attracted to her if
it had not been for her voice which was melodious and as penetrating and all-
pervading as the song of a roller canary.”

41
 e) False. “She had dark, naturally curly hair, which she wore short…”
f) True.
f) False. It was then that I discovered another of Ursula’s charms, and that
was her grim, determined, unremitting battle with the English language.
Where other people meekly speak their mother tongue in the way that it is
taught them, Ursula adopted a more militant and Boadicea-like approach.
She seized the English language by the scruff of the neck, shook it thoroughly,
turned it inside out, and forced words and phrases to do her bidding, making
them express things they were never meant to express.

g) True.

2)
a) Though the writer… 16 and 22, he fell deeply in love with Ursula assoon
as he saw her.

b) He first… on a number 27 bus which travelled through Bournemouth, a

seaside resort where he then lived.

c) She was sitting… of the bus while he was at the back and it was her
melodious… voice that attracted his attention.

d) The author was… features but it was mainly her nose that made him fall in
love.

e) As he says, when young men… nose, they couldn’t…

f) Her mouth was so perfect that it should not… frogs’ legs but for eating…

42
3)

hair dark, like a halo…,

hair beautiful, remarkable

eyes big, deep blue, almost violet, color that

forget-me-nots go in the sun

lashes very dark, long

eyebrows permanently raised

mouth delicate

teeth white and even

nose long, not very much

nose three different styles

voice Melodious and penetrating

4)
Open answer.

5)
Possible answers:
a) “Where other people meekly speak their mother tongue in the way that it
is taught them, Ursula adopted a more militant and Boadicea-like approach”:
Ursula spoke her language in a very different way from the usual tendency.
Normally, people just use their native language in order to communicate things,
following the linguistic rules taught to them. Ursula managed, according to the
author, to adapt the language to what she wanted to express, so that language
was to the service of her thoughts, and not her thoughts to the service of
language.
43
b) “It was a nose so charming and so unique that you could not wait to get on
more intimate terms with it”
In this case the author is exaggerating on purpose, and by using a kind of
metaphor where the nose is so enhanced that it seems to have life on its own he
wants to express how exotic, unique and special it was. It is a description that lets
the reader free to imagine his/her own special type of nose. Any kind of nose that
is special for the reader could be Ursula’s nose.

6)
Possible answers:
a) The activities mentioned by this author are normally associated to usual
and ordinary functions of mouths. The mouth of Ursula was so special that
it should be destinated only to higher functions, like small tastings of
luxury food, or highly intellectual conversations…

b) It may be a humorous remark, since it is a metaphoric and exaggerated

way of talking about a nose.

c) Yes, we could say it has. (…)

7)
Open answer.

D) TACKLING VOCABULARY

1)
a) fashion e) remarkable
b) immediately f) enormous
c) sort g) almost
d) dusky

44
2)
a) fringed e) edge
b) framed f) fringe
c) fringe g) frame
d) frame

3)
fringe, tip, despondency, kipper, sort, violet.

4)
a) monotonous regularity e) melodious voice
b) deep impression f) curly hair
c) breathless admiration g) deep blue eyes
d) back seat

5)
Down
1. slice; 3. range; 4. tip; 6. deep; 8. neck; 9. shake.
Across
2. eyebrow; 5. pudding; 7. even; 10. top; 11. charm.

6)
a) came to my attention
b) at the front
c) under any circumstances/under no circumstances must you…
d) caught sight of
e) inside out
f) take a look at

45
 g) at the end

7)
a) keep e) come
b) take f) put
c) cut g) broken
d) took

8)
a) 3 d) 2
b) 4 e) 5
c) 1

9)
1. b 4. e
2. c 5. a
3. d

E) NOW, HOW’S YOUR SPELLING?

1)

nouns adjectives verbs adverbs

impression breathless popped immediately
attention possible progressing naturally
kippers all-pervading occupied suddenly
pudding unattractive, attracted
effect unremitting happened
battle written
approach assure
scruff fell
bidding

46
2)
noses writer
noiseless arrival
useful stately
noisily continuous
circumstances composition
replacing managing
peaceful priced
movement raised
movable pleasurable
advantageous manageable
knowledgeable combining
delicately behaviour
perversity lovable
judging faces
lodger ageless

F) AND… HOW’S YOUR FORMATION OF WORDS?

1)
impressive impression
attentive attention
progressive progression
adoptive adoption
expansive expansion
descriptive description
explosive explosion
relative relation
extensive extension
inclusive inclusion
selective selection
creative creation

47
 educative education
subversive subversion

2)
a) ladylike behaviour; ladylike manners.
b) businesslike behaviour; businesslike manners.
c) a star-like symbol.
d) a flute-like voice.
e) a jelly-like substance.
f) deathlike paleness.
g) a fortress-like church.
h) a lifelike photograph.

3)
a) a grass-eating animal.
b) bomb-detecting policemen.
c) a grass-cutting machine.
d) a high-flying plane.
e) a respectable-looking lady.
f) a Chinese-speaking man.
g) a hard-working person.
h) a quick-growing plant.
i) delicious-smelling food.
j) an award-winning writer.

G) USING ENGLISH APPROPRIATELY AND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1)
a) you had listened to me
b) he had learnt the truth
c) we would have changed our plans
d) I would have told you
e) they would have broken the glass.
f) the boy hadn’t crossed the street.
g) you had taken an earlier train.
h) the poor animal wouldn’t have been so restless.
i) she hadn’t been late.
j) they would have gone to university last October.

48
 k) they had been there on time.

2)
a) It’s on Tuesday, not on Wednesday, that we’re going to the cinema.
b) It’s by taxi that I went to the sation.
c) It was in Switzerland that she met her husband.
d) It was then that I realized.
e) It’s here that I usually buy the meat.
f) It was seven, not six years ago, that we bought the house.
1
3)
a) Have you ever seen such a lazy boy?
b) The lecturer used such complicated terms that most of the students
didn’t understand them.
c) I have so many things to do that I can’t stay for lunch.
d) The children behaved so badly that I had to punish them.
e) He is such a charming person that he has thousands of friends.
f) She was wearing such exotic clothes that everybody stopped to look
at her.
g) He’s such an ambitious man that he never thinks of holidays.

4)
a) They made us sit on the floor.
b) Let him stay (for) a few more days.
c) Make them bring the books back/bring back the books immediately.
d) He made Helen get up at five in the morning to take the train.
e) Will you let me go out tomorrow evening?
f) He’ll make you tell him the whole story from the beginning.

5)
a) sheer / utter d) hard
b) late e) inner
c) main f) former, latter

49
6)
a) afraid e) awake
b) asleep f) alive
c) alike g) alone
d) upset h) ashamed

7)
a) between e) at, at
b) upon / on, with / of f) for, Under
c) for g) in, with
d) on h) in

8)
a) Did you manage to get the new car through the garage door?
b) He drove past his house and parked a hundred metres farther on.
c) A flock of birds was flying southwards over the mountains.
d) She ran up the stairs and went into her room.
e) He swam across the river and lay on the other bank.
f) You can often see him walking along the street.
g) Get down the ladder, you’re going to fall.

9)
a) She shared the cake among the three of us.
b) I don’t think there is a great difference between his last two novels.
c) Where were you between three and four (o’clock)?
d) You’ll get / receive the parcel between tomorrow and the day after.
e) Choose the dress you like best among the ones in the wardrobe.
f) He got lost among the narrow streets around / that surround the cathedral.

50
 10)
a) the e) Ø, a, Ø
b) a f) the, the
c) a g) Ø, the, Ø
d) Ø h) the

H) LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: THE CONNECTION

1) Open answer

2)
a) Inferences Sherlock Holmes makes: 1. That the manuscript Dr. Mortimer
has is of the early 18th c, based, among other things, upon “the use of the
long s and the short” (linguistic clue). 2. That the manuscript appears to
be a statement of some sort, based on its title and appearance (linguistic
and situational clue). 3. That Dr. Mortimer has come to consult him about
something more modern and more practical than the manuscript itself,
based on Dr. Mortimer’s visit and his apparent distress and anxiety
(situational clue).

b) He was examining the few inches of the manuscript that Dr. Mortimer had
let him see while he was talking.

c) Yes, he was.

d) Both of them were unimaginative, according to Dr. Mortimer. However,

both of them seemed now to believe in the existence of some
supernatural, evil being.

51
e) Holmes does not think the narrative is of any interest. We infer that from
his response to Dr. Mortimer’s question “Do you find it interesting?”, for he
ironically says it is “interesting to a collector of fairy tales”. This answer
makes the reader infer that Holmes does not believe the story and that he
does not find it interesting.

4)
a) Inferences Sherlock Holmes makes:
1. Someone must be very interested in Sir Henry Baskerville’s movements.
2. The pasted printed words on the letter had been taken from the Times
newspaper.
3. The issue where the words had been taken from was the previous day
issue of the Times.
4. The sender cut out the message with a pair of short bladed scissors.
5. The sender had to write the word “moor” himself.
6. The letter was composed by an educated man who wished to pose as an
uneducated one.
7. The sender’s handwriting might be known, or come to be known, by Sir
Henry.
8. The address was written in a hotel.

b) The contextualization clues that lead Holmes to the above inferences

are:
1. The letter that Sir Henry received.
2. Those are the kind of words that are typically found in a newspaper like the
Times; they could not have been taken from the Leeds Mercury or the
Western Morning News.
3. The letter had been sent the previous day.
4. The cutter had to take two snips over 'keep away”.
5. This is not a word you will often find in the Times, and therefore the sender
could not cut it out.

52
6. The Times is a paper which is seldom found in any hands but those of the
highly educated and the address was printed in rough characters.
7. The sender of the message made an effort to conceal his own writing.
8. It was noticeable that both the pen and the ink had given the writer trouble.
The pen had spluttered twice in a single word and had run dry three times in a
short address, showing that there was very little ink in the bottle.

c) Some presupposition triggers found in the text:

1. “The address, "Sir Henry Baskerville, Northumberland Hotel," was printed

in rough characters; the post-mark "Charing Cross," and the date of
posting the preceding evening”
Here, “Charing Cross” triggers the presupposition that the letter was
posted in London, considered that Charing Cross is a place in that city.

2. “Have you yesterday's Times, Watson?"

The word “Times” triggers the presupposition that in England (where the
setting of this story is) there is a newspaper called the Times.

3. “I confess that once when I was very young I confused the Leeds
Mercury with the Western Morning News”
The verb “confess” triggers the presupposition that what he confesses
(that once when he was very young he confused the Leeds Mercury with
the Western Morning News) is a fact (factive presupposition), i.e. that it is
true and Holmes is not lying.

4. "Because he could not find it in print. The other words were all simple and
might be found in any issue, but 'moor' would be less common."
The fact that they always refer to the writer of the message as a “he”
triggers the presupposition that they all think the suspect is a man, not a
woman.

5. “The detection of types is one of the most elementary branches of

knowledge to the special expert in crime”

53
The words “special expert in crime” trigger the presupposition that Holmes
is such an expert, for he could detect such types.

54
 SOLUTIONS TO SELF-EVALUATION
(UNITS 1-6)

Solutions to Self Evaluation (Unit 1)

1)
a) 2 b) 4
c) 6 d) 5
e) 1

2)
1. b 4. d
2. a 5. c
3. c

3)
1. b 4. c
2. d 5. b
3. a

4)
1. a
2. a
3. d
4. d
5. b

55
 Solutions to Self Evaluation (Unit 2)

1)

1. d 4. a

2. b 5. c

3.c

2)

1. e 4. b

2. c 5. f

3. a

3)

1. b 4. d

2. b 5. c

3. a

4)

1. b 4. c

2. a 5. a

3. d

56
 Solutions to Self-evaluation (Unit 3)

1)
a. 4 d. 2
b. 6 e. 5
c. 1

2)
1. a 4. d
2. b 5. b
3. c

3)
1. b 4. d
2. c 5. b
3. d

4)
1.a 4.a or b
2.a 5.b
3.c

57
 Solutions to Self-Evaluation (Unit 4)

1)

a. 2 d. 3

b. 5 e. 1

c. 4

2)

1. c
2. b
2. a.
3. b
1. b

3)
1. d 3. c

2. b 4. c

4)

1. b 4.b.

2.b. 5. b.

3.a. 6. a.

58
 Solutions to Self-evaluation (Unit 5)

1)

a) 4. d) 7.
b) 3. e) 2.
c) 1.

2)

1. has/ is always smiling 4. spend/ am not working

2. is/ is 5. is/ works/ watches
3. is staying/ finds

3)

1. a 4. b
2. a 5. a
3. b

4)

1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a

59
 Solutions to self-evaluation (Unit 6)

1)

a) 3 d) 4

b) 5 e) 7

c) 1

2)

1. b) 4. b)

2. a) 5. d)

3. c)

3)

1. a)

2. c)

3. d)

4. a)

4)

1. a)

2. c)

3. d)

4. a)

60