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“If-Then” rules are the most commonly used fuzzy logic statements. A single antecedent-single
consequence (one input – one output) “If-Then” rules has the form:
Rule1. If x is A1 then y is B1
Rule2. If x is A2 then y is B2
Rule3. If x is A3 then y is B3
Antecedent Consequent
Compounded-antecedent-single consequence (2 input – 1 output) rules take the form
Rule1. If x is A1 and/or y is B1 then z is C1
Rule2. If x is A2 and/or y is B2 then z is C2
Rule3. If x is A3 and/or y is B3 then z is C3
Antecedent Consequent
The inference steps for interpreting these rules can be illustrated as
2. Fuzzy 3. Implication
operation
µ A1 ( x) µB1 ( y ) µC1 ( z )
1 1
1
A1 B1 C1
and/or
0 0
0 z
x y
µC 2 ( z )
µA2 ( x) µB2 ( y ) 1
1 1
C2
A2 and/or B2
0
0 0 z
x y
1 µC3 ( z)
1 µA3 ( x ) 1 µB3 ( y) C3
A3 and/or B3
0
0 z
0
x y 4. Aggregation
1. 1.Fuzzification µC Aggregrate ( z)
1
x0 y0
CAgregate
0
z
5. Defuzzification
FL2 - Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System 1 z0 3-Feb-01
SYS735 Intelligent Control Systems KaCC
1. FUZZIFICATION
Convert numerical values (such as x = x0 , y = y0 ) on numeric scales (x & y axes) into membership
values; e.g., µ A1 ( xo ), µA2 (x o ), µ A3 ( x o), µB 1( yo ), µB 2 ( yo ), µB 3 ( yo )
as
µAi ( x0 ) and µBi ( y0 ) i = 1, 2, 3
where the fuzzy operation for “AND” discussed earlier can be applied. This gives us the strength of the
antecedents,
(
si ( x0 ) = min µ Ai ( x0 ), µ Bi ( y0 ) ) or si ( x0 ) = µA i (x0 ) * µ Bi ( y0 )
(
si ( x0 ) = max µ Ai ( x0 ), µ Bi ( y0 ) ) or si ( x0 ) = µ Ai (x0 ) + µ Bi (y0 ) −µ Ai (x0 ) *µ Bi (y0 )
(
Di ( z ) = min si ( x0 ), µCi ( z ) ) or Di ( z ) = si ( x0 ) * µCi ( z )
Aggregation of implied consequences from the individual rules can be evaluated using any of these
methods:
C Aggregate ( z) = max ( D1 ( z), D2 ( z ), D 3 (z ) )
C Aggregate ( z) = sum ( D1 ( z ), D 2 ( z), D3 ( z ) ) = D1( z) + D2 ( z ) + D3 ( z)
C Aggregate ( z) = probor ( D1( z), D2 ( z), D3 (z ) )
5. DEFUZZIFICATION
Defuzzification translates the C Aggregate (z ) function to a crisp output value z0 . One may use any suitable
method. Centroid, Bisector, Max, etc.
s3 ( x0 ) = min ( µA ( x0 ), µB ( y0 ) )
3 3
s3 ( x0 ) = max ( µA ( x0 ), µB ( y0 ) )
3 3
D3 ( z ) = min ( s3 ( x0 ), µC ( z ) )
3
D3 ( z ) = s3 ( x0 ) * µC3 ( z)
2. Fuzzy 3. Implication
operation
µ A1 ( x) µB1 ( y ) µC1 ( z )
1 AND 1 1
A1 B1 C1
(MIN)
0 0 0 s1
x z
y z1
µA2 ( x) µC 2 ( z )
1 1 µB2 ( y ) 1 C2
OR
(MAX) B2 s2
A2
0 0 0
x y z
z2
1.Fuzzificati
x0 y0
1
4. Aggregation
s1 = min( µ A1 ( x0 ), µ B1 ( y0 )) s2
µCAggregrate ( z ) = s1 @ z1 + s2@ z2 0
s2 = max( µ A2 ( x0 ), µB2 ( y0 )) s1 z
s1z1 + s2 z2
z0 =
5. Defuzzification s1 + s2
Now if we equate AND with PRODUCT, and OR with PROBALISTIC OR, then we can write the fuzzy
inference as
s1 = µA1 ( x0) * µ B1 ( y0)
s2 = µ A2 ( x0 ) + µ B2 ( y0 ) −µ A2 (x0 ) *µ B2 ( y0 )
s1 z1 + s2 z 2
z0 =
s1 + s2