THE PROPOSAL OF

BESAR,
FULL OF POTENTIAL FOR
PRECEDENCE STUDY DESIGN RELEVANCE:
A structural system that has a fast construction

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
period that doesn't constrain design limitations,
impose on aesthetics and encourages human
interaction throughout the community library.

COMPOSITE STEEL COLUMN TO BEAM DETAIL FLOORING DETAIL BEAM TO ROOF DETAIL
FRAMING
Structural steel framing, which
includes structural stainless steel
framing, describes the creation of
a steel skeleton made up of
vertical columns and horizontal
beams.

STEEL MEMBERS USED:

SHEAR CONNECTION: CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF FIRE PROTECTION:
A beam bolted to a column. It is FLOOR: Passive fire protection materials insulate
a shear only connection A reinforced concrete floor can be steel structures from the effects of the
because the beam flanges are constructed by the following process: A high temperatures that may be generated
corrugated metal decking is place atop in fire. They can be divided into two
not rigidly connected to the
WIDE AMERICAN ‘C’ ‘L’ ’T’
of the I Beam. Rebar is the placed and types, non-reactive, of which the most
FLANGE STANDARD CHANEL ANGLE ANGLE column. Note the gap shown
SHAPE BEAM cement is poured into the form work to common types are boards and sprays,
between the bottom flange of and reactive, of which thin film
create a composite floor decking and
the beam and the column. reinforced concrete floor. intumescent coatings.

PIPE STRUCTURAL BARS PLATES ADVANTAGES:

SECTION TUBING STEEL FRAMING:

• The cost is low and period of
construction is fast.
• One way Beam
STEEL TRUSSES USED: • The high flexibility permits its
System used.
flex under heavy loads. • I beam connected
KING POST 4 PANEL
SCISSOR
• Minimal aesthetic presence. through bolted metal
2-2 MONO
• Constructing a frame is easy plating
QUEEN POST
(doesn't require a specialist)
FINK 3-2 MONO
This form of
HOWE 4-3 MONO
construction is suitable
DISADVANTAGES: for relatively narrow
FAN • Very volatile to the exposure of buildings with external
PRAFT
SPECIAL KING very high temperatures. columns only, the
POST WARREN • Potential rust and corrosion from column-free internal
BELGIAN GABLE END
rainwater that could threaten space offering great
structure integrity. flexibility in layout.
 DESIGN RELEVANCE:
PRECEDENCE STUDY The sawtooth design was aimed to be used as it provides good lighting in interior spaces.

ROOF SYSTEM
The design aimed to harness ‘daylighting’ - particular building strategies and techniques
which maximise the positive effects (namely light) while reducing problems like glare and
overheating, crucial for a library design.

JOINT DETAIL TRUSS DETAIL CLADDING DETAIL

PROJECT TITLE : DESA HOUSE

MATERIALS USED: INSTALLATION METHOD: RESPONSE DIAGRAMS:
ARCHITECT : STUDIO BIKIN The Steel Roof Truss is a system that is
Windows which use low-e glass
LOCATION : TAMAN DESA, KL or window film can help to prefabricated then assembled to the main
reduce radiant heat admitted structure of site. The Sawtooth Truss has a
COMPLETED : 2016 basic shape of a triangle. Each roof truss is
via sawtooth roofs. Well
AREA : 1338 SQFT insulated roofs with reflective either supported by a beam which are Sunlight Penetration
finishes should also be supported by columns or by the columns
considered. Sawtooth roofs itself. The cladding is installed by bolting
tend to be made from metal. corrugated zinc onto the ‘C’ channels that
act as purlins.
ADVANTAGES:
• Allows natural light to enter
interior spaces.
• Wind Ventilation can be utilised. Wind Ventilation
• Reduces energy costs.
• Reduces direct glare from
excessive usage of skylights.

DISADVANTAGES:
• Overheating of a space if not
designed correctly.
• Initial cost can be high as it is
made from mostly metal
construction.
• Water damage without sufficient
usage of gutters.
SECTION OF DESA HOUSE
PRECEDENCE STUDY DESIGN RELEVANCE:
The usage of plant wires are an option to create a green oasis

FACADE SYSTEM (1)

in Klang, allowing a new perspective of an old town. Plant
wires allow creepers to grow to any height, depending on the
wire itself. It also allows a ‘green wall’ effect.

HORIZONTAL ROD DETAIL VERTICAL ROD DETAIL

ADVANTAGES:
• Ensures a biophilic understanding between
inside and outside spaces.
• Allows certain amount of light and wind to
penetrate into the spaces.
• Urban farming can be an option.

PROJECT TITLE : THE ROW
MATERIALS USED:
ARCHITECT : STUDIO BIKIN
Plant wires are made of
LOCATION : JALAN DORIASAMY weatherproof materials such as
galvanised or powder-coated
COMPLETED : 2015/16
steel, painted or treated wood.
AREA : 30,707 SQFT Metal horizontal supports with
bolts attached to the top and
bottom keeping the wires in
place.
INSTALLATION METHOD:
The main vertical wires are placed
with hinges that are bolted onto the
desired surface. Horizontal wires are
woven to keep distances apart equal
and to allow the freedom of creepers
to cross from one wire to the other
giving it a more organic feel.
DISADVANTAGES:
• More cost due to irrigation and drainage
purposes.
• High maintenance of plants cause of dried
leaves and weeding.
• Water damage and mould growth without
sufficient drainage.
RESPONSE DIAGRAMS:

SECTION OF THE ROW

PRECEDENCE STUDY DESIGN RELEVANCE:
The usage of frames as another option for my facade allows

FACADE SYSTEM (2)

the “framing” of positive views whilst the negligence of
negative views. It also provides egg crate shading to the
spaces inside; cutting down glare and direct heat from entering

ALUMINIUM FRAME DETAIL

ADVANTAGES:
• Allowing the users activities to be defined
by the facade system itself.
CONNECTED WITH FRAME WINDOW
STEEL SUPPORTS SUPPORTED BY 

• Focusing on the positive views that can be
I BEAMS AND 
 offered.
L CHANELS
• Additional shading whilst reducing direct
sunlight, glare and heat from entering.

DISADVANTAGES:
• More cost due to increase of materials.
PROJECT TITLE : CUT & FRAME • High maintenance of frames due to
ARCHITECT : ASHTON PORTER potential oxidation.
• Frames may have to be painted and oiled
LOCATION : LONDON, UK
frequently to give lasting impression.
COMPLETED : 2013
DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
AREA : 178 SQM SKETCH:

The cut and frame

house inspired me
to design a facade
MATERIALS USED: system that allows
The material used for the frames in the facade the frame to
is mainly aluminium with steel supports. ‘hang’ external of
Aluminium is used as it is lightweight, reflect the curtain wall;
heat waves and non-rusting. The aluminium allowing the
can be coated with paint to weatherproof for “framing of
longer lasting results. wanted views”.

SECTION OF THE CUT & FRAME HOUSE