CHAPTER 5

FINAL DESIGN

Project Development

This chapter provides the specific methods and materials that the proponents used in their prototype.
Wireless connection, cloud computing and storage of data and data collection are also discussed further in
this chapter.

The figure 5.1 shows the conceptual framework of the design. The proposed design comprises of
three main stages: Data Acquisition, Data Transmission and Data Interpretation. The connection between
these three main stages is Wireless Connection.

DATA DATA DATA

ACQUISITION TRANSMISSION INTERPRETATION

Figure 5.1 Conceptual Framework

1. Data Acquisition.

Data Acquisition will be the first to be performed through various instruments and methods used and
decided by the proponents. The data that will be acquired by the doctor in order for them to conclude
theoretically the amount needed of the patients that the proponent’s client can have. The Intravenous Fluids
needed by the patients and monitoring by the nurse. It will be first performed by injecting the needle to the
patients that is placed at the left or right upper arm of the patient. Using this, pressure air can be limit acquired,
the instrument has also the capability of measuring the amount and speed of intravenous fluids of the patient.
So, the proponent used the instrument for the two functionalities, first is the infrared LED, photo-diode sensor
and the second is the servo motor. Not only the proponent lowered the cost but also the proponent want to
minimize the materials that the patient is going to use. It is relatively similar to infusion pump present at
different hospitals. An external infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver fluids into a patient’s body
in a controlled manner. There are many different types of infusion pumps, which are used for a variety of
purposes and in a variety of environments. Infusion pumps may be capable of delivering fluids in large or
small amounts, and may be used to deliver nutrients or medications such as insulin or other hormones,
antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers. Although, taking the intravenous fluids rate can consume
some time but it will ensure that the method used is safe because the proponent used the safety materials
method. The instrument is like a servo motor wherein will pinch the dextrose hose of the patient and it will
start acquiring data. Another instrument that the Node Microcontroller Processor is required to sending the
data to the nurse station web or phone. By using this instrument the proponents guaranteed a safety and
reliable to the patients and hospitals

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1.1 Implementation for Hardware Design
In this part of the chapter, it will discuss the broad network of what happens inside the cluster of Data
Acquisition. It is composed of an Infrared LED, Photo-Diode Sensor, Servo Motor, Web Application and Node
Microcontroller.

The figure 5.2 shows the actual physical connection between the different instruments that are needed to
acquire important speed and amount of dextrose fluids through Web Application and to the Node
microprocessor unit.

Figure 5.2 Hardware Concept of the Design

1.2 Infrared LED

Figure 5.3 Infrared LED

An Infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) is a special purpose LED emitting infrared rays ranging 700
nm to 1 mm wavelength. Different IR LEDs may produce infrared light of differing wavelengths, just like
different LEDs produce light of different colors. IR LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum
gallium arsenide. In complement with IR receivers, these are commonly used as sensors. The appearance
of IR LED is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not
possible for a person to identify if an IR LED is working. A camera on a cell phone camera solves this problem.
The IR rays from the IR LED in the circuit are shown in the camera.

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1.3 Photo Diode Sensor

Figure 5.4 Photodiode Sensor

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. The current is
generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode. Photodiodes may contain optical filters, built-in
lenses, and may have large or small surface areas. Photodiodes usually have a slower response time as
their surface area increases. The common, traditional solar cell used to generate electric solar power is a
large area photodiode. Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they may be
either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or optical fiber connection to
allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device. Many diodes designed for use specifically as a photodiode
use a PIN junction rather than a p–n junction, to increase the speed of response. A photodiode is designed
to operate in reverse bias

1.4 Servo Motor

Figure 5.5 Servo Motor

A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position,
velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also
requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with
servomotors. Servomotors are not a specific class of motor although the term servomotor is often used to
refer to a motor suitable for use in a control system.

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1.5 Microcontroller
The figure below, shows the actual microcontroller that the proponents used in making their design possible.
They used the NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E Microcontroller as a mounted shield on the of the
microcontroller.

Figure 5.6 Node MCU V3 ESP8266

NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E is Wi-Fi development board that helps you to prototype your IoT product
with few Lua script lines, or through Arduino IDE. The board is based on ESP8266 ESP-12E variant, unlike
other ESP-12E, you won’t need to buy a separate breakout board, usb to serial adapter, or even solder it to
a PCB to get started, and you will only need an usb cable (Micro USB).

2. Data Transmission

Transmission of relative data is the primary purpose of this project. Transmitting accurate data
(Speed, Amount of Dextrose fluids) from the microcontroller that the proponents used, up to the personal
computer that the nurses or doctors will use as an interface to interpret the different data that are acquired
and processed by the microcontroller. The figure (Figure 5.3) below, illustrates the block diagram that briefly
discussed the different operations under the cluster of Data Transmission.

Microcontroller Wi-Fi Access

Point Cloud

Infrared
Servo Motor
Led/Photo Personal Computer
Diode Sensor

Figure 5.7 Cluster of Data Transmission

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2.1 Microcontroller

The figure below, shows the actual microcontroller that the proponents used in making their design possible.
They used the NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E Microcontroller as a mounted shield on the of the
microcontroller.

Figure 5.8 Node MCU V3 ESP8266

NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E is Wi-Fi development board that helps you to prototype your IoT product
with few Lua script lines, or through Arduino IDE. The board is based on ESP8266 ESP-12E variant, unlike
other ESP-12E, you won’t need to buy a separate breakout board, usb to serial adapter, or even solder it to
a PCB to get started, and you will only need an usb cable (Micro USB).

Features:
 Communication interface voltage: 3.3V.
 Antenna type: Built-in PCB antenna is available.
 Wireless 802.11 b/g/n standard
 WiFi at 2.4GHz, support WPA / WPA2 security mode
 Support STA/AP/STA + AP three operating modes
 Built-in TCP/IP protocol stack to support multiple TCP Client connections (5 MAX)
 D0 ~ D8, SD1 ~ SD3: used as GPIO, PWM, IIC, etc., port driver capability 15mA
 AD0: 1 channel ADC
 Power input: 4.5V ~ 9V (10VMAX), USB-powered
 Current: continuous transmission: ≈70mA (200mA MAX), Standby: <200uA
 Transfer rate: 110-460800bps
 Support UART / GPIO data communication interface
 Remote firmware upgrade (OTA)
 Flash size: 4MByte

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2.2 Physical Platform

For the implementation of the design under the cluster of Data Transmission, the proponents used
the Smartphones or Personal Computer (Figure 5.16) as their physical platform in their design. It will serve
as the interface of the user wherein they can view the data acquired by the different sensors and the data
that are sent by the Microcontroller Unit.

Figure 5.9 Personal Computers and Smartphone

The purpose why the proponents chose the Personal Computers and Smartphone as their physical
platform is because, our technology is developing every year. Considering only the needed Operating System
is Windows 7 and Any Android Version which is currently installed at Computer and Smartphones. It uses a
Wi-Fi Standard of 802.11 b/g/n. That means it means the computers and smartphones met the condition that
the proponents are requiring

2.3 Wireless Fidelity Connection

In implementing the design, the proponents used the D-Link Wi-Fi Router (Figure 5.17) with Any
Telecommunications Inc. as the service provider for the connection between the Physical Platform and the
Cloud Computing Storage.

Figure 5.10 Wi-Fi Router

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The primary reason why the proponents used the D-Link designed, developed and manufactured by D-Link
Technologies is because the system’s analyst already owned one. Another reason why they choose the
Telecommunication Inc. as their internet service provider because, the strength of the Any
Telecommunication signal in the area where the prototype will be deployed is strong enough to provide stable
connection. The D-Link Wi-Fi Router uses a standard Wi-Fi protocol 802.11 b/g/n. That means it is compatible
with the Wi-Fi protocol that are used in the physical platform chosen by the proponents.

2.4 Implementation for Software Design

The image below (Figure 5.18) shows the process on how the Data Transmission operates. This part
of the chapter focuses on the detailed step-by-step procedure on how the proponents able to connect from
the microcontroller up to the website that can be accessed by the appointed doctor.

NodeMCU V3
Microcontroller ESP8266 ESP- Physical Platform
12E
Microcontroller

Website Cloud

Figure 5.11 Software Implementation under Data Transmission

2.5 NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E Microcontroller

NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 ESP-12E is Wi-Fi development board that helps you to prototype your IoT
product with few Lua script lines, or through Arduino IDE. The board is based on ESP8266 ESP-12E variant,
unlike other ESP-12E, you won’t need to buy a separate breakout board, usb to serial adapter, or even solder
it to a PCB to get started, and you will only need an usb cable (Micro USB).

2.6 Internet Connection

After a successful connection of the physical platform to the internet, the device will now be able to
send important information that are acquired from the microcontroller thru the use of the NodeMCU V3
ESP8266 ESP-12E Microcontroller to the physical platform, designed and interfaced properly with the use of
a software Arduino ISE Application in order for the device to match the proper protocol required for cloud-
based storage and of course, the connection of the physical platform to the Internet with the use of the Wi-Fi
Modem created by Any Brand Technologies. The protocol that the pocket Wi-Fi modem is 802.11b/g/n which
also matched the protocol present at the physical platform.

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3. Data Interpretation

Data Interpretation is the final stage of this design. This is where the assigned doctors will interpret
and recommend certain advices that are related to the medical field. It can be either organic recommendation,
medicinal recommendation or emergency recommendation. In this part of the design, data that are stored in
the cloud are being retrieved interpret and sent back again to the storage where the physical platform will
receive. The figure below (Figure 5.4) shows the diagram that shows briefly of what happens inside the
cluster of Data Interpretation

Cloud Personal
Website
Computer

Figure 5.12 Cluster of Data Interpretation

3.1 Implementation for Software Design

The figure (Figure 5.13) below, shows the operation of how data interpretation step-by-step coming
from the Cloud based Storage, down to the website provided with an internet connection that will wirelessly
connect the Personal Computer to the Website. Granting the personal computer an access to the database
and be able to send recommendations.

Cloud Personal
Website Computer

Figure 5.13 Cluster under Data Interpretation for Software Design

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The figure (Figure 5.14) below, shows how the flow of the program operates. It determines the control of
the microcontroller in which decisions are made by the said device.

Figure 5.14 Program Flowchart for Software Design

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 The figure (Figure 5.15) shows the relation of the entities involved in the Software development
program. This specifies the transmission of data from one entity to another.

Figure 5.15 Entity Relationship Diagram for Software Design

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3.2 Website

In this part of the design, the website created by the proponents will serve as the monitoring and
adjusting of the speed and amount of the dextrose. In this website the nurse on duty can check if the status
is correct and nurses can adjust the speed and amount of the dextrose fluids.

Figure 5.16 Website

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3D Model for the Project

Figure 5.17 Prototype 3D

Figure 5.18 Prototype 3D

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 Figure 5.19 Prototype 3D

Project Testing

Hardware:

Component Test Procedure Trial Number Expected Result Actual Result

Infrared LED The IR-LED 1 ON ON

should emit IR. A
camera should 2 ON ON
detect an emitting 3 ON ON
light if the LED is
ON. 4 ON ON

5 ON ON

6 OFF OFF

7 OFF OFF

8 OFF OFF

9 OFF OFF

10 OFF OFF

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 1 1024 1024

The IR-photodiode 2 1024 1024

should detect a
IR Photodiode value of 1024 3 1024 1024
when IR LED is 4 1024 1024
emitting directly to
it. 5 1024 1024

6 0 0

7 0 0

8 0 0

9 0 0

10 0 0

The Servo should 1 100 100

be able to pinch
Servo Motor the IV line from 2 100 100
100% pinched to 3 80 100
0% pinched.
4 80 100

5 60 60

6 40 40

7 30 30

8 20 20

9 10 10

10 0 0

Component Test Procedure Trial Number Expected Result Actual Result

The esp8266 1 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

should be able to
connect to the 2 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

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 NodeMCU desired internet 3 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62
ESP8266’s WIFI and attain an IP-
Component. address. 4 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

5 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

6 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

7 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

8 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

9 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

10 192.168.43.62 192.168.43.62

Software:

Module Test Procedure Trial Number Expected Result Actual Result

WEB landing Connect through 1 Load page Load page

page the Web page by
inputting the ip- 2 Load page Load page
address on the url 3 Load page Load page
section of the web
browser. 4 Load page Load page

5 Load page Load page

6 Load page Load page

7 Load page Load page

8 Load page Load page

9 Load page Load page

10 Load page Load page

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Start Reading When Start button 1 1024 1024
Button is pushed the IR-
photodiode should 2 1024 1024
start reading 3 1024 1024
values.
4 1024 1024

5 1024 1024

6 1024 1024

7 1024 1024

8 1024 1024

9 1024 1024

10 1024 1024

Module Test Procedure Trial Number Expected Result Actual Result

Stop Reading When Stop button 1 0 2

Button is pushed the IR-
photodiode should 2 0 0
stop reading 3 0 0
values.
4 0 1

5 0 0

6 0 0

7 0 0

8 0 1

9 0 1

10 0 0

1 100 100

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Set Initial Value When Set Initial 2 200 200
Button button is pushed
the set volume 3 300 300
value should have 4 400 400
the same value of
the initial value 5 500 500
that was set by the
user. 10 6 600 600

7 700 700

8 800 800

9 900 900

1000 1000

Range Slider When the slider s 1 10 10

dragged to a
specific location 2 20 20
the Pinch Value 3 30 30
should have the
same value 4 40 40
indicated by the
range slider. 5 50 50

6 60 60

7 70 70

8 80 80

9 90 90

10 100 100

When the pinch 1 10 10

button is pressed.
Pinch Button The value of the 2 20 20
pinch state should 3 30 30
gain the value of
the pinch value 4 40 40

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that was set on the 5 50 50
slider.
6 60 60

7 70 70

8 80 80

9 90 90

10 100 100

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Prototype:

Objective Test Procedure Trial Number Expected Result Actual Result

Monitors The Drop 1. From the Web 1 21 21

rate from the Drip application. Turn
chamber of the ON the IR LED 2 19 18
Primary IV tubing. emitter. 3 13 13
2. Read the values 4 20 20
of the drops per
minute. 5 21 22

3. Compare to the 6 16 16
actual output.
7 18 18

8 15 16

9 19 20

10 18 18

Notifies the nurse 1. From the Web 1 25 ml(100%) 12 bars

station on the application. Set IV
status of dextrose. Bag Volume 2 23 ml(90%) 11 bars

2. Read the 3 21 ml(80%) 10 bars

remaining volume. 4 19 ml(70%) 9 bars
3. The IV bag
5 17 ml(60%) 8 bars
should have less
bar every 10 6 15 ml(50%) 7 bars
percent difference
in the remaining 7 12 ml(40%) 6 bars
volume. 8 8 ml(30%) 4 bars

9 7 ml(20%) 3 bars

10 2 ml(10%) 1 bar (w/ alert)

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Conclusion

General Conclusion:

Given the opportunity to the proponents to design and make a prototype of this project, the
proponents concluded that, there is a tiny gap between the field of Bio and Technology and that is Bio-Medical
Sciences. Bio-Medical Sciences because, in today’s world technology is growing at a fast pace. And we are
not even fully aware of how futuristic our materials today. Everyday technology is evolving at a different scale
wherein one day somebody thought of the technology and the following day it is already been done and
working. The minds of every individual are so creative that they are providing solutions for specific problems
that we may encounter in the future. This project is one them. The proponents are able to give a resource to
a problem that is very common in different hospitals. A big thanks to modern technology, they are able to
integrate different instrument and come up with a solution that is already fitted in one project.

Specific Conclusion:

 The proponents concluded that thru the measuring of dextrose fluids and proper knowledge in
assessing certain conditions coming from doctor’s order and interpreting data, you can already find
a solution to a specific amount of dextrose needed by the patients.
 The proponents concluded that the actual drop rate and required drop rate should be not less than
plus or minus 3 only.
 The proponents concluded that thru the use of websites to control and monitor the amount and speed
of dextrose fluids, data rates vary in accordance to the number of access point available in a given
area. A good example is a ward room that exceed a 10 meters so that the devices can connect to
access point.
 The proponents concluded that thru the use of a 5v 1Ah power supply, it can power up an entire
design project good enough for 24/7 hours.
 Lastly, the proponents concluded that thru the use of website and data processing is faster compared
to manual monitoring of dextrose which will take up to hours of delay due to luck of nurses and
availability of the signal strength on a hospital area.
Recommendation

The following statement given by each members of the group is highly recommended for those who
are trying to be on the track of Information and Communication Technology as Wireless Medical Acquisition
as specialized field.

 The design of the chassis should have an enclosed/fixed system for the IR is sensitive to its
surrounding Infrared emitted.
 The control of the drop rates that is handled by an attenuator which is used on Infusion pumps
nowadays for an accurate and reliable drop rate control.
 The central station that has a central database. In-order for the system to run without internet
capabilities. And the patient’s data and drop rate logs could be handled also through it.

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 The graphical monitoring that offline database as its data source. In-order for the monitoring to be
accessed offline and for the system to have a least delay as possible.
 Patient’s medical record could be retrieved.
 There must be always an internet connection.
 The system could support multiple dextrose.

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