The Forest

Garden Vision
Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden

www.appleseedpermaculture.com
Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC
With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan.

Apios
Institute
 The Permaculture Pie
biochar/
bioremediation terra preta
composting & aquaculture
food forestry
compost tea
coppice perennial
woodcrafts vegetables
& biomass
apiculture

keyline mycoscaping

management- alternative
intensive grazing currencies
earthworks
edible forest green architecture
natural building
gardening
 The Permaculture Pie
biochar/
bioremediation terra preta
composting & aquaculture
food forestry
compost tea
coppice perennial
woodcrafts vegetables
& biomass
apiculture

keyline mycoscaping

management- alternative
intensive grazing currencies
earthworks
natural building
edible forest green architecture
gardening
GAIA UNIVERSITY
NORTHEAST
www.gaianortheast.org
5
 “Multi-Gene Cuisine”
Sweden
Kazakhstan

Home
Japan

Chile New Zealand

Balsgard,
Sweden
Japan:
Sacred Fruit
Japan Apples
Japan Apples
Japan Apples
Research, Chile
Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples
 Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples

• Tian-Shan Mountains
 Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples

• Tian-Shan Mountains
 Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples

• Tian-Shan Mountains

• Similar climate, temperate forests…

Kazakhstan: Zailisky Range
Valley, Zailisky Range
Ancient Trees

40-50ft tall

80-100 years old

Ancient Trees

40-50ft tall

80-100 years old

 Tree Size
Wild Kazakh tree
60-70ft

US Orchard
Apple Tree
12-15ft

Ethan
5’10”
The Wild Apple Forest
Diversity!
Aimak Djangaliev
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
 Why Visit
the Origin?
 Why Visit
the Origin?
• Center of
Diversity
 Why Visit
the Origin?
• Center of
Diversity
• Interesting Traits:
Ridgetop, 5300ft
EMAL27
EMAL27
1616m
N43.22.11’
E77.40.38’

53mm avg.
diameter

Amazing
Lemon-
Candy
Flavor
 EMAL25
EMAL25
1619m
N43.22.11’
E77.40.36’

49mm avg.
diameter

Bitter-Sweet.
Wild red-
flesh variety.
 EMAL25
EMAL25
1619m
N43.22.11’
E77.40.36’

49mm avg.
diameter

Bitter-Sweet.
Wild red-
flesh variety.
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Cannabis,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Cannabis,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds, • Sorrels,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Cannabis,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds, • Sorrels,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Umbels,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Cannabis,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds, • Sorrels,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Umbels,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Rhubarbs,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
Forests…?
• Pears, • Grapes,
• Apricots, • Rosehips,
• Currants,
• Raspberries,
• Cherries, • Hops,
• Plums, • Barberries,
• Onions,
• Walnuts, • Bilberries,
• Cannabis,
• Elderberries,
• Almonds, • Sorrels,
• Pistachios, • Silverberries,
• Umbels,
• Mulberries, • Seaberries,
• Rhubarbs,
• Gooseberries,
• Hawthornes, • and more…
The Wild Apple Forest
The Wild Food Forest
Monoculture Mind 30
Monoculture Mind 31
Monoculture Mind 32
What can we do?

33
Monoculture Mind 34
Polyculture Paradise! 35
Polyculture Paradise! 36
Polyculture Paradise! 37
Polyculture Paradise! 38
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
 Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
structure and function of temperate forests.
 Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
structure and function of temperate forests.
 Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
structure and function of temperate forests.

• A perennial polyculture of
multipurpose plants
– Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs
– Mono vs. Poly
– Each species fulfills
AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s)
 Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
structure and function of temperate forests.

• A perennial polyculture of
multipurpose plants
– Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs
– Mono vs. Poly
– Each species fulfills
AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s)

• Forest Gardens: Like vs. In

 Perennial
Polyculture
Medlar
(Mespilus germanica)
Tansy
(Tanacetum vulgare)
Yarrow
(Achillea millefolium)
Common Comfrey
(Symphytum officinale)
Blue Comfrey
(Symphytum grandiflorum)
Production Scale
‘Support A’ Polyculture
TBD understory
44
45
46
47
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2006

Photo: Ethan Roland

Kazakh Mimic Patch 2006
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2008

50
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2009

51
The Wild Food Forest
The Wild Food Forests

53
54
55
 The Forest
Garden Vision
Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden

www.appleseedpermaculture.com
Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC
With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan.

Apios
Institute