Table 3.1 Relative Density of the fuels at different temperatures.

Sl.No Ethanol Diesel 15oC 20oC 26oC 32oC 38oC 44oC 50oC

1 0 100 0.8583 0.8485 0.8458 0.8442 0.8409 0.8409 0.8370

2 5 95 0.8414 0.8385 0.8365 0.8350 0.8308 0.8288 0.8258
3 10 90 0.8394 0.8351 0.8340 0.8330 0.8288 0.8268 0.8236
4 15 85 0.8382 0.8345 0.8318 0.8296 0.8268 0.8266 0.8228
5 20 80 0.8365 0.8342 0.8314 0.8289 0.8258 0.8241 0.8218
6 25 75 0.8357 0.8325 0.8266 0.8271 0.8238 0.8227 0.8198
- 30 70 0.8338 0.8320 0.8286 0.8269 0.8228 0.8217 0.8187

Sl.No Fuel Type 150C 200C 260C 320C 380C 440C 500C
1 Diesel - - - - - - -
2 5% blend 1.97 1.18 1.10 1.09 1.20 1.21 1.35
3 10% blend 2.20 1.58 1.40 1.33 1.44 1.45 1.60
4 15% blend 2.34 1.65 1.66 1.73 1.68 1.48 1.70
5 20% blend 2.54 1.68 1.70 1.81 1.80 1.78 1.82
6 25% blend 2.63 1.88 1.88 2.02 2.03 1.94 2.05
7 30% blend 2.85 1.94 2.03 2.05 2.15 2.06 2.19
Table 3.2 Percentage differences from diesel

Table 3.3 Flash, Pour and Cloud points of different blends

Sl.No Sample Diesel Flash Point Cloud Point Pour Point
% Ethanol (oC) (o
C) (oC)
1 0 100 74 5 5
2 5 95 24 5 -7
3 10 90 25 5 -10
4 15 85 27 5 -13
5 20 80 25 5 -36
6 25 75 25 5 -
7 30 70 26 4 -
Table 3.4 Viscosity of fuels at different temperatures

S/N Sample % Viscosity (mPa.S) or (cP)

o Ethano Diese o
15 C o
20 C 26 oC 32 oC 38 oC 44 oC 50 oC
l l
1 0 100 6.24515 5.6114 4.6874 3.8003 3.4237 2.9008 2.8145
2 5 95 6.1597 5.5343 4.4934 3.6520 3.2788 2.7990 2.6366
3 10 90 5.9410 5.4564 4.2460 3.5599 3.2956 2.7395 2.5615
4 15 85 5.7471 5.1631 4.0045 3.4510 3.1396 2.6021 2.4691
5 20 80 5.6677 5.0587 3.8673 3.3708 2.7397 2.3921 2.1766
6 25 75 5.4957 5.0340 3.4395 2.8904 2.6027 2.2568 1.9198
7 30 70 5.3725 4.9171 3.0651 2.8040 2.4563 2.0782 1.8290

Table 3.5 Calorific Value of the fuels

Sl.No Ethanol Diesel Cal. Value kJ/kg % Difference to diesel

1 0 100 44514.6 -
2 5 95 43631.8 1.983
3 10 90 43192.5 2.970
4 15 85 42744.8 3.976
5 20 80 41874.5 5.931
6 25 75 41004.2 7.886
7 30 70 40577.4 8.845
Table. 3.5 Parameters of Bioethanol in comparison with petrol

Parameters Petrol Bioethanol

Density[kg/dm3] 0.76 0.76

Viscosity[mm²/s] 0.6 1.5

Flashpoint[°C] < 21 < 21

Calorific value [at 20°CMJ/kg] 42.7 26.8

Calorific value[MJ/l 32.45 21.17

Octane number [RON] 92 > 100

Fuel equivalence [l] 1 0.65