BS 368-1971, Precast Concrete Flags PDF

B S I B S * 3 b B 7 1 ~ ~ ~ L b 2 4 0h 0b0 6î 0 4 2 4
BRITISH STANDARD 368 : 1971

UDC 625.882:625.815 :666.972-41
SPECIFICATION FOR
PRECAST
CONCRETE FLAGS
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION
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BSI BS*3bB 71 W l b 2 4 b b î 0 0 0 6 0 4 3 b W
SPECIFICATION FOR
PRECAST
CONCRETE FLAGS
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BS 368 :1971
Incorporating amendments issued June 1976 (AMD 2030) and
December 1979 (AMD 3054)
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Incorporated by Royal Charter
2 PARK STREET, LONDON W1A 2BS
Telex: 266933 Telephone: 01-629 9ûûû
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BSI BS*3bB 71 I1 b 2 4 b b 7 0 0 0 6 0 4 q B
BS 368 : 1971
THIS BRITISHSTANDARD,. having been approved by the

Cement, Lime and Gypsum Industry Standards Committee
was published under the authority of the Executive Board on
25 March 1971.
0 British Standards Institution, 1971.
First published, August, 1929.
First revision, May, 1936.
Second revision, January, 1956.
Third revision, March, 1971.
SBN: 580 06209 O
The Institution desires to call attention to the fact that this
British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract.
This standard makes reference to the following British
Standards:
BS 12. Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening).
BS 146. Portland-blastfurnace cement.
BS 340. Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and
quadrants.
BS 812. Methods for the sampling and testing of mineral
aggregates, sands and mers.
BS 882. Coarse and h e aggregates from natural sources.
BS 915. High alumina cement.
BS 1014. Pigments for cemenf, magnesium oxychloxide and
concrete.
BS 1047. Air-cooled blastfurnace slag coarse aggregate for
concrete.
BS 1201. Aggregates fDr granolithic concrete floor finishes.
BS 1610. Methods for the load verification of testing
machines.
BS 2648. Performance requirements for electrically-heated
laboratory drying ovens.
BS 3892. Pulverized-fuel ash for use in concrete.
BS 4027. Sulphate-resisting Portland cement.
BS 4484. Measuring insfruments for constructional works.
Part 1. Metric graduation and figuring of instru-
ments for linear measurements.
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:

Committee reference CEE/6/4 Draft for comment 70/2631
8709'-4- 0.4k- B
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i BSI BSr3bB 71 lb24bb7 0006045 T i
BS 368 : 1971
CONTENTS
Page
Co-operating organizations 5
Foreword 6
SPECZFICATION
1. Scope 7
2. Cement 7
3. Aggregates 7
3.1 Quality 7
3.2 Maximum size 8
4. Other materiais 8
4.1 Pulverized-fuel ash 8
4.2 Pigments 8
4.3 Others 8
5. Finish and colour 8
6. Casting and curing 8
6.1 Casting 8
6.2 Curing 8
6.3 Work in cold weather 9
7. Dimensions and tolerances 9
7.1 Dimensions 9
3.2 Tolerances 9
8. Test requirements 10
8.1 Transverse strength 10
8.2 Absorption of water II
90 Manufacturer's certificate 11
1o. Facilities for sampling 11
1 1 . Samples for testing 11
1 1 .I General 11
11.2 Purchaser's sampling 12
11.3 Sampling for independent testing 12
12. Test results 12
13. Independent tests 12
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13.1 Sampling and testing 12

13.2 Costs of tests 12
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BS 368 : 1971
APPENDICES Page
A. Methods of measuring 13
B, Test for transverse strength 13
C. Test for absorption of water 14
TABLES
1. Flag dimensions 9
2, Transverse strength requirements 10
3. Water absorption limits 11
FIGURES
1. Notched straightedge and gauge block 15
2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength
tat; side elevation 16
3. Arrangement of loading for transversestrength
test; end elevations 16
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BS 368 : 1971
CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS
The Cement, Lime and GypsumIndustry Standards Commit-
tee, under whose supervision this British Standard was
prepared, consists of representatives of the following
Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations:
Association of Consulting Engineers
*British Precast Concrete Federation
'British Quarrying and Slag Federation
British Railways Board
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
British Steel Industry
*Cement and Concrete Association
*Cement Makers' Federation
Chalk Quarrying Association
Chemical Industries Association
Concrete Society Limited
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Greater London Council
Gypsum Products Development Association
*Institution of Civil Engineers
*Institution of Municipal Engineers
*institution of Structural Engineers
Institution of Water Engineers
Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Ministry of Public Building and Works
*Ministry of Public Building and Works Building Research
Station
*Ministry of Transport
National Federation of Building Trades Employers
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Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

*Sand and Gravel Association of Great Britain
Society of Chemical Industry
Welwyn Hall Research Association
The Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations marked with an asterisk in the above lisf,
together with the following, were directly represented on the
Committees entrusted with the preparation of this Standard:
County Surveyors' Society
Institute of Landscape Architects
Ministry of Transport-Road Research Laboratory
Modular Society
National Paving and Kerb Association
Road Improvement Association
Royal Institute of British Architeits
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. BSI BS*3bB 71 W l b 2 4 b b 9 000b048 5
BS 368 : 1971
BRITISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR
. PRECAST CONCRETE FLAGS
FOREWORD
This British Standard, which was &st issued in 1-929, was revised in 1936 and
1956, and has been revised again in the light of present-day practice in the
manufacture of concrete flags under the authority of the Cement, Lime and
Gypsum Industry Standards Committee. Considerable changes have been made
to this standard both to ifs technical requirements and to the arrangement of
the clauses.
The clauses dealing with maferiais have been revised to take into account
revised and new British Standards, and this standard specifies the requirements
for the use of pulverized-fuel ash in concrete flags.
The dimensions and tolerances permitted are given in metric units and the
methods of measuring the flags are given in a new appendix.
Since flags are normally tested in a testing machine rather than by applying
loads to a simply supported specimen, the relevant appendix has been revised
to describe both the requirements of the testing machine and the testing proce-
dure. As a result of further research conversion factors are given for the required
transverse strength at ages beyond 28 days. These factors are identical with those
given in BS 340*.
As a result of research work on durability and the method of performing
the test for absorption of water, the previous tests at 10 min and 24 h have
been deleted and replaced by a 30 min absorption test. This test is carried out on
specimens sawn from the comers of the flag, to give more uniform results,
instead of cut as previously. Due to the change in the test procedure the absorp-
tion iimit has been changed and different values are given for different ages at
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test and a requirement for the flakiness index of the coarse aggregate has been
added.
It has been found that Hags manufactured by some processes, which would
have complied with the 24 h absorption test of the previous edition of the
standard, generally could not meet the water absorption Ifmits of the new
30 min test because of their different construction characteristics. As there now
appears to be suftkient evidence to prove that these flags are durable, the
responsible Technical Committee have raised the absorption limits given in
Table 3 by approximately IO % for all flags.
The rate of wear test has been deleted but an additional requirement for the
mechanical strength of the aggregate is given.
The clauses dealing with methods of manufacture and with the colour, h i s h
and freedom from defects have been revised and re-arranged.
BS 340, ‘ Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants ’.
at 1-800-451-1584.
BSI B S * 3 b B 71 II L b 2 4 b b î 0 0 0 b 0 4 9 7
’With the increasing number and size of vehicles, experience has shown that,
when footpaths are subjected to these traffic loadings, the existing range of
paving flags, A to D, can occasionally suffer damage. A range of paving flags
E, F and G, of smaller plan area has been introduced, which with a suitable
foundation is specifically designed to withstand these loadings.
The development of flags of smaller plan area has resulfed in greatly
improved performance of footways suffering occasional heavy-vehicle overrun.
Field trials have confirmed laboratory findings and shown that the amount of
cracking and the development of ‘trips’ is much less with smaller flags, which
in turn leads to safer footways and lower maintenance.’
6a
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BS 368 : 1971
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In accordance with the change to the metric system, this standard has been
prepared giving values in terms of SI units. For further information on SI
units, reference should be made to BS 3763, ' International System (SI) units,'
and PD 5686, ' The use of SI units.'
NOTE. Attention is drawn to certification facilities offered by BSI; see the back cover of this
standard.
SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
This British Standard specifies requirements for precast paving flags manufac-
tured from a concrete mixture in a range of sizes and thicknesses for use in
the construction of footways and other paved areas.
2. CEMENT
The whole of the cement used in the manufacture of the paving flags shall
comply with one of the following British Standards:
BS 12, ' Portland cemenf (ordinary and rapid hardening) ',
or
BS 146, ' Portland-biastfurnace cement '.
When specially ordered by the purchaser, high alumina cement complying
with BS 915*, or sulphate-resisting Portland cement complying with BS 40271.,
or hydrophobic cement complying with the physical requirements of BS 121, -
or white or coloured Portland cement complying with BS 12, may be used.
3. AGGREGATES
3.1 Quality. The fine and coarse aggregate shall consist of either naturally
occurring materials, crushed or uncrushed, complying with BS 882 : 1983 - - ? -
{except grading requirements in Clause .S)$ ,'. or alternatively coarse aggregate
complying with.'Clause 4 of BS 1047 : 1983. (except grading requirements in 2
A
4.8)fi'. may be used. -.
ifie coarse aggregate to be used, when tested in accordance with BS 812**,
shall meet the following requirements:
(1) 10 "/: fines test: Not less than 10 tonnes.
(2) Flakiness index: Not more than 35 % unless otherwise agreed between
the purchaser and the manufacturer on the basis of acceptable evidence of
durability.
BS 915, ' High alumina cemenf '.
+ BS 4027, ' Sulphate-resisfing Portland cement '.
:BS 12, ' Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening) '.
__ BS 882, 'Specificatiön for aggregates from naturai scurcp-sKar concrete
Q
' 0 BS 1047,'Specification for air-cooled
- < -.
blastfurnace slag aggregate for use in construction'
at 1-800-451-1584.
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ES 368 : 1971
3.2 Maximurn'size. The nominal .maximum size of the aggregate shall not
exceed 14 mm as specified in BS 882*.
4. OTHER MATERIALS
4.1 Pulverized-fuel ash.
'Where pulverized-fuel ash is used, it shall comply with BS 3892 : Part Or 'i
BS 3892 : Part 2t.'
The total sulphate content of the concrete mix shall not exceed 4.0 % as
SOaby weight of the cement. The sulphate content shall be calculated from the
known sulphate contents of the cement, aggregates (where applicable) and
pulverized-fuel ash, as determined by tests carried out in accordance with the
requirements of BS 12$, BS 10479 and BS 38921. respectively.
4.2 Pigments. Any pigments used in the colouring of the flags shall comply
with BS 101411.
4.3 Others. Any additional material required to produce special properties
such as a special texture, colour or grip shall not have any deleterious effect
upon the concrete.
5. FiNISH A N D COLOUR
Specialsurface fìnishesmay be agreed upon between the vendor and the purchaser.
Au. arrises shall be clean and sharp.
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the flags shall be supplied in
natural colour. When the products are ordered coloured, the colour shall be
agreed between the vendor and the purchaser at the time of placing the order.
The vendor and purchaser shali agree whether the products shall be coloured
throughout or only in a surface layer. In the latter case the surface layer shall
- . be not less than 12 mm thick and cast as an integral part of the flag.
6. CASTING AND CURING
6.1 Casting. The flag may be made by any process. The escape of the finer
particles of mortar during the process of manuîacfure shall be prevented as far
as practicable.
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A flag described as ' pressed ' shall only be made by employing a pressure
of not less than 7 MN/ma over the entire surface receiving the pressure.
6.2 Curing. After casting, the flap shall be stored so as to prevent undue loss
of moisture particularly during the early stages of curing.
* BS 882, ' Coarse and fme aggregates from natural sources '.
y BS 3892, 'Pulverized-fuel ash', Part 1, 'Specification for pulverized-fuel ash for use as a
cementitious component in structural concrete' and Part 2, 'Specification for pulverized-
.fuel ash for use in grouts and for miscellaneous uses in concrete'.'
T BS 12, ' Portiamwment (ordmary and rapid hardening) '.
8 BS 1047, ' Air-cooled blastfurnace slag coarse aggregate for concrete '.
N BS 1014. ' Pigments for cement, magnesium-oxychloride and concrete '.
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BSI BS*3bA 71 m L b 2 q b b ï 0 0 0 b 0 5 2 7 m
7.2.1 Thickttess. The average thickness of the twelve values obtained from the
four measurements on each of the three flags shall be within f 3 mm of the
specified thickness.
7.2.2 Lergth and width. Each individual flag of the sample shall be within the
maximum and minimum limits of manufacturing size specified in 7.1.
‘7.3 Chamfer. A wearing surface edge chamfer with dimensions, measured at

right angles to one another, not exceeding 5 mm vertically and not exceeding I
7 mrn horizontally shall be permitted.
NOTE. Flag types E, I: and C will be provided with chamfers unless otherwise specified A
by fhc purchaser. Flag types A , B , C and D will not be provided with chamfers unless
otherwise specified by the purchaser. I
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BS 368 : 1971
6.3 Work in cold weather. Special precautions shall be taken to prevent the
temperature of the concrete falling to 0°C during the early stages of hardening,
ViZ :
(1) The temperatureof the concrete at the time of placing shall be at least 5 O C .
(2) The temperature of the mould itself shall be above 0°C.
(3) No material which has been exposed to temperatures below 0°C shall
be used until it has been completely thawed.
Flags shall be protected from damage by frost.
7. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

7.1 Sizes. Flags shall have the sizes for the appropriate type given in Table 1.
Table 1. FLAG SIZES

- I
Flag Plan sizes Work size
type
~ ~~
thickness
Co-ordinating Work size Maximum Minimum
size limit of limit of
manufacturing manufacturing
size size
-
mm mm rnm mm mm
B
600 X 450
600 X 600
598 X 448
598 X 598
600 X 450
600 X 600
596 X 446
596 X 596
50 or 63
50 or 63
A
C 600 X 750 598 X 748 600 X 750 596 X 746 50 or 63
D 600 X 900 598 X 898 600 X 900 596 X 896 50 or 63
E 450 X 450 448 X 448 450 X 450 446 X 446 l 50or70
F 400 X 400 398 X 398 400 X 400 396 X 396 50 or 65
G 300 X 300 298 X 298 300 X 300 296 X 296 50 or 60

-
NOTE. When flags are being ordered, it will be necessary only to specify the type
followed by the thickness, e.g. 'F 50'. - - - ._
-.- - .
7.2 Tolerances. When sampled in aecordiince with Clame 1 i and masuted as

described in Appendix A. the flags sampled shall be within the tolerances given
in 7.2.1 t o 7.2.4.
9
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BS 368 : 1971
7.2.3 Sguareness of platt. The difference between the two diagonals measured
on the same face of each individual flag of the sample shall not exceed 3 m m
-Ir~~jll~?jlr?id 7.2.4 Flatness, winding und bowing. The maximum deviation from the
»n: I Y 7 Y
specified straightedge placed in any position on the wearing surface of each
individual flag ofthe sample shall not exceed 2 mm.
The flatness etc. shall be measured by means of the appropriate notched
straightedge. and the 25 mm x 25 m m x 4 mm test gauge shown in Fig. 1.
8. TEST R E Q U I R E m S
The Bags sampled in accordance with the provisions of Clause 11 shall comply
with the following test requirements for transverse strength and absorption of
.. ... water.
8.1 Transverse strength. The failing loads of individual flags when tested in the
manner described in Appendix B shall be not less than the appropriate value
given in Table 2.
I:lay type Mininiuni ïaailiiiy load
50mm 60mm 63 mm 65 nim 70mni i

thick thick thick thick thick
kN kN kN kN kN
A 8.3 12.7
B,CorD 11.1 16.9
e 9.6 18.8
1: 9.1 15.4
c 9.6 13.8
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6 BSI B S U 3 6 8 71 m 1 6 2 4 b b ï 0 0 0 6 0 5 5 2 m
Age of sample at test Conversion factor

Months
2 1.10
3 1.15
4 1-20
5 1-25
6 and over 1-30
Convirsion factors for Intermediate ages shall be obtained by linear inter-
polation.
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BS 368 : 1971
8.2 Absorption of water. When tested in the manner described in Appendix C

the average increase in weight of the test pieces from each flag shall not exceed
the value appropriate to the age of test given in Table 3.
Age of sample Maximum average

at test absorption by weight
u p to 1 4.0
2 3.5
3 3.3
4 3.2
5 3. I
6 and over 3.0
I
Maximum average absorption values for intermediate ages shall be obtained

by linear interpolation. -
Y. MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATE
The manufacturer shall satisfy himself by regular testing that at the time of
delivery the flags comply with the requirements of this British Standard and,
if requested, shall forward a certificate to this effect to the purchaser or his
representative.
The manufacturer shall, if requested to do so, supply a certificate stating
the date of manufacture of the flags.
10. FACILITIES FOR SAMPLING

The purchaser or his representative shall at ail reasonable times have access
to the place where the flag, are manufactured or stored, for the purpose of
examining and sampling the materials and the finished flags, inspecting the
process of manufacture, and marking the flags. The vendor shall, free of extra
charge, provide or make arrangements for the provision of such facilities and
labour required for examination, sampling, inspecting and marking before
delivery as may be necessary to establish that the flags comply with the require-
ments of this standard.
11. SAMPLES FOR TESTING
11.1 General. When required the samples shall be taken at random from the
appropriate consignment representing the whole or part of the order; these
samples may be taken as required in 11.2 or 11.3.
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BS 368 : 1971
11.2 Purchaser's sampling. For the checking of the dimensions specified in

Clause 7 and for carrying out the tests specified in Clause 8, the purchaser or
his representative may take before or immediately after delivery three sample
flags for every order for 2000 or less. For orders for more than 2000 flags,
three sample flags may be taken from every 2000 flags forming pact of the order.
11.3 Sampling for independent testing. When it is agreed that independent

testing as described in Clause 13 is required, the random sample of three flags
shall be selected and marked when both the purchaser and the manufacturer,
or their representatives, are present.
12. TEST RESULTS
Should any of the test results not comply with the requirements of Clauses 7
or 8, then the whole of the consignment of 2000 flags, or less, comprising the
whole or part of the order, shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.
13. INDEPENDENT TESTS
13.1 Sampling and testing. If requested by the manufacturer, or the purchaser,
independent tests shall be carried out by a mutually-agreed, independent testing
laboratory whose results shall be accepted.
The samples required for these independent tests shall be taken as specified
in Clause 1I, measured and tested in accordance with Clauses 7 and 8 and the
test results judged as specified in Clause 12.
13.2 Costs of tests. Unless otherwise specified at the time of the enquiry
and order, the cost of the independent tests shall be borne as follows:
(i) By the manufacturer, in the event of results showing that the flags do
not comply with the standard.
(2) By the purchaser, in the event of the results showing that the flags
comply with the standard.
12
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BS 368 : 1971
APPENDIX A
METHODS OF MEASURMG
A.l Thickness. The thickness of each of the three sample flags is measured with
a caliper gauge having jaws suitable for measuring the thickness 30 mm in from
the edge of the flag. The thickness of each flag is measured 30 mm in from the
edge of the flag at a distance not more than 100 rnm from each comer. The four
measurements obtained from each of the three flags give twelve results, the
average of these is calculated and expressed to the nearest 1 mm.
A.2 Length and width. The length and width of each of the sample ñags is
measured at any position across the wearing fa+ with a steel tapecomplyingwith
the requirements of BS 4484* and are expressed to the nearest 1 mm.
A.3 Squareness of plan. The squareness of plan of each of the sample flags
is determined by measuring the two diagonals of the wearing face with a steel
tape complying with the requirements of BS 4484* and these dimensions are
expressed to the nearest 1 mm.
A.4 Flatness, winding and bowing. Flatness, winding and bowing are As amendid .
measured by means of the appropriate notched straightedge and gauge block, Der. 1979
both made of steel, shown in Fig. 1. When the notched straightedge is placed in
any position on the wearing face of each sample flag, if the surface of the flag
touches the notched section of the straightedge, both the support ends of the
notched straightedge shall be in contact with the flag. Also, when placed in any
position on the wearing face ofeach flag, the gauge block shall not pass between
the notched straightedge and the surface ofthe flag.
APPE"X B
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TEST FOR TRANSVERSE STRENGTH

B.1 Testing machine. The transverse testing machine complies with the require-
ments of a Grade A or Grade B m a c h e when verified in aceordance with
BS 1610t and is of sufficient capacityto apply loads 50 %higher than is required
in Clause 8 @.e.25 kN). It is provided with two steel supporting rollen each
38 mm diameter, spaced 450 mm between centres. for types A, B, C and D;
375 inm for type E: 350 niin for type F; ?SO min for type G.Alternatively two steel
bearers each 6 m m wide on the supporting surfaces, spaced 450 nìm 375 inm ,
,350 mn1 Or 250 mm apart internally, may be used. In either case, one support is
horizontal and the other is so mounted, e,g. by pivoting about an axis parallel to the
length of the specimens,
, BS 4484, ' Measuring instruments for constructional works ', Part 1, ' Metricrgraduation it',
land figuring of instruments for linear measurements '. .\
't BS 1610, ' Methods for the load verification of testing machines
x If convenient, 457 mm spacing may bz used.
'. :I
I.
3.\,
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BSI BSm36A 71 m 3b2Libhî 0 0 0 6 0 5 9 T m
BS 368 : 1971
as to enable loads to be applied without inducing my torsional restraint in the

specimen. The upper member of the loading frame is provided with a spherical
seating to ensure that the load is applied axially and without inducing any torsion
in the specimen, and a steel platen at least 50 mm wide and of length not less than
the width of the widest specimen to be tested, normally 600 mm (seFigs 2 and 3).
B.2 Testing procedure. Place the specimen symmetrically on the bearers of the
testing machine and with its shorter sides parallel to the supporting rollers or
bearers.
The load is applied through the medium of a hardwood fillet 50 mm wide, on
the upper surface of the specimen at the midpoint of the span and extending
the whole width of the specimen parallel to the supporting rollers or bearers.
Apply the load steadily and uniformly starting from zero, at a rate not exceed-
hgO.75 kN per 10 s for flag types A, E, F and G and 1.0 kN per 10 sfor flag types
A B, C and D.(measured parallel to the bearers), until the specimen breaks Orthe capacity:
Of the machine k reached. Record the individual failing loa& in the &port,
except that when a specimen does not fail at the upper limit of testhg machine,.
1
- - -as ‘-greater than -kN ’.
record the f a h e-, load
!
APPENDIX C
TEST FOR THE ABSORPTION OF WATER

C.1 Apparatus. The following apparatus is required:
(i) Suitable concrete sawing machine.
(2) Balance capable of weighing up to 2 kg to an accuracy of 1 g.
(3) Well ventilated oven complying with BS 2648* in which the temperaiure .
is controlled to between 100°C and 105°C.
(4) Desiccator or small, dry, airtight vessel to contain the specimens.
( 5 ) Tank approximately 150 mm deep in which the specimens can be
immersed in’water.
C.2 Preparation of test pieces. Two square test pieces are sawn from diagonally.
opposite comers of each of the three sample flags. These test pieces are approxi-
mately 100 mm x 100 mm, sawn from the full thickness of the flag and have
two sawn and two moulded edges.
BS 2648, ’ Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens ’.
14
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BS 368 : 1971
'C.3 Testing procedure. Place the six test pieces in the drying oven at the same
t h e so that they are not nearer than 25 mm to any heating surface or to any
other test piece, and dry them in the oven for 72 f 1 h. On removal from the
oven, cool them for 24 f 1/2 h in the desiccator or in the small, dry, airtight
vessel. Then weigh each test piece and immediately immerse it in water, the
temperatureof which shall be 20 f 2"C,for a period of 30 min i-30 s. Immerse
the test pieces flat, supported on glass rods or a plastics mesh, at a depth such
that there is 25 f 5 mm of water over the top of each test piece. At the end of
the 30 min immersion, remove the test pieces, shake them to remove the bulk
of the water and then dry them with a cloth as rapidly as possible until all the
free water is removed from the surfaces. Immediately weigh each test piece
again.
Calculab the percentageabsorptionof each test piece by dividing the increase
in weight of the test piece by its dry weight, and report the result to the nearest
0.1 %.
Lengt h
550 for type Aand 6 flags
700 for type C flags
850 for type D flags
400 for type E flaas
350 for type F f ~
250 for type G flaas,
50 t
+-YA
?- Gauge block
M 5'
5
AU dimensions in miiiimetres
Fig. I . Notched straightedge and gauge block
15
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 1-800-451-1584.
BS 368 : 1971
A ,, -
9 Hardwood
fil let .:a 2.
Locatin bars removed
before &ding is
[commenced i ,
Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elevation.
Flag
Section B-B
&
I Flag
1
Section C-C
Fig. 3. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; end elevations

--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
16
at 1-800-451-1584.
B S I BS*3bB 71 m L b 2 4 6 6 9 000b062 T m
Anieiidiiliciit No. 3
yirblislicd aiid effective froin 29 August 1986
to US 368 : 1971
Precast coiicrete flags

NOTE. This aiiicxirneiit lias bccii publislied peiidiiig tlic piiblicatioii of a new ßritisli
Staiidard for concrete kerbs niid lkigs, wliicli is iiiteiidcd io siipcrscdc 11s 368 aiid
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
US 340
Revised text
Foreword (as ainerided by Aineridinent No. 1).

Delete the last paragrapli and substitute the following.
‘Witli tlie increasing riiiiiiber arid size of veliicles, experience lias sliowii tliat,
when footpatlis are subjected to tliese traffic loadings, the existing range of
paving flags, A to D, can occasionally suffer damage. A range of paving flags
E, F and G, of snialler plaii area lias been introduced, wliicli with a suitable
foiiiidation is specifically designed to witlistand tliese loadings.
The developniciit of flags of siiialler plan area lias resulted in greatly
improved performance of footways suffering occasional heavy-veliicle overruii.
Field trials liave coiifirnied laboratory findings and shown that tlie atiioiiiit of
cr:icking aiid tlie deuelopaieiit of ‘trips’ isiiiucli less with siiialler flags, wliicli
in turn leads to safer footways and lower inaiiiteiiaiice.’
Clause 3.1 Quality. In paragraph 1 , lines 2 and 3, delete ‘tlie quality rcquire-
iiicnts Of 4a and 5d of BS 882 : 19655, or of 4a aiid 5d of BS 1201 : 196511’,
and substitute ‘BS 882 : 1983 (except grading requirements i n Clause 5)$,’.
‘
in paragrapii i , lines 4 and 5, delete ‘the quality requirements of Clause 5 of
BS i047 : 19521’ and substitute ‘Clause 4 of BS 1047 : 1983 (except grading
requirenicnts in 4.8)g’.
Delete the footnote to BS 882 and substitute tlie following.
‘3 BS 882, ‘Specificdtion for aggregdtes from natural sources for concrete’.’
Delete tlie footnote to BS 1201.
Dzletc tlie footnote to BS 1047 and substitute tlie following
‘9 BS 1047, ‘Specification for air-cooled blastfiiriiace shg aggregate for use iii construction’.’
Clause 4.1 Pulverized-fuel asli. Delete paragraph i and substitute the following.
‘Wliere pulverized-fuel asli is used, it shall comply with BS 3892 : l’art It or
BS 3892 : Part 2i.’
Delete the footnote to BS 3892 and substitute tlic following.
’f. BS 3892, ‘Pulverized-fuel di’,Fart 1, ‘Specification for pulverized-fuel u l i for use us a
ceiiicntitious coiiiponcnt in structural concrete’ and Part 2, ‘Speciíication for pulverized-
fuel asli for use in grouts aiid for miscellaneous uses in concrete’.’
at 1-800-451-1584.
- -
Flag I'lnii sizes Work size
type tliickncss
Co-ordiiiatiilg Work size
SiLC liniit of liniit of
size size
-
111111 inin niiii nini nim
A 600 X 450 598 x 448 600 X 450 596 X 446 50 or 63
n 6 0 0 X GOO 598 x 598 600 X 600 596 X 596 50 or 63
C 600 X 750 598 x 7413 600 X 750 596 X 746 50 or 63
D 600 X 900 598 x 898 600 >:900 596 x a96 50 or 63
E 450 X 450 448 x 448 450 X 450 446 X 446 50 or 70
1; 400 X 400 398 x 398 400 X 400 396 X 396 50 or 65
G 300 X 300 298 x 298 300 X 300 296 X 296 50 or 60
2 [AMD 51741
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 1-800-451-1584.
,
, . I
Table 2 Transverse strciigtli requireiticnts. Delctc the table [id substitut eh

iiew Table 2 .
!
T d l c 2. TRANSVERSE STRBNGTII REQUIREMENTS
Flag typc hiiiiiiriuiii failing load
50 niiii 60 nini 63 nini 65 niiii 70 i n i n

thick thick thick thick thick
---
kN kN kN kN kN
A 8.3 12.7
U,C‘orD 11.1 16.9
B 9.6 18.8
F 9.1 15.4
II.
G 9.6 13.8
--
Clause B.1 Testiiig iiiaciiiiie. In line 5, after ‘between centres’ itisert ‘for types
A, B , C and D; 375 111111 for type E;350 inni for type F; 250 mm for type G.’
. _
In line 6,after ‘450 m m *’ insert ‘, 375 min, 350 mm or 250 min’.
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I
3 [AMD 51741
at 1-800-451-1584.
_.- I :
kN pcr 10 s
C h s c 11.2 ‘Yestirig proccdirre. Iii paragraph 3, liiie 2, delete ‘0.75
L’or slabs 450 111111 wide and 1 .O kN pe; 10 s for slabs 600 inn wide’ arid
substiliite ‘0.75kN per I O s for flag typcs A, E, Ii aiid G and 1.0 kN pcr 10 s
for íl:ig types U, C and il’.
Pig. 1. Nofclicd straightedge aiid gaiige block. (as mended by Anieiidiiicrit
No, 2). Deletc figurc 1 aiid substitute tlic ncw figure 1.
Len3i h
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
550 for type A and 8 flogs
700 fcr type C flags
050 for type D flags
400 for type E flags
350 for type F flags
250 for type G fiaqs,
’O1 u/nk 25
Gauge block
NI dinieiisions in niillimetres
Fig. 1. Notched straightedge and gauge block
4 [AMD 51741
at 1-800-451-1584.
B S I B S * 3 6 8 71 m 3624669 00060bb 7 =
Fig. 2, Arrsiigeiiieiit of loadiiig for traiisverse strenglii fest; ciid elevation.

Dclcte figuic 2 uiid substitutc tlic IICW figure 2.
Hardwood Locating brs removed

y -before load‘ng is
111let commenced
I I
l
I l I I
I f
+, 450,375,350 or-250 mm (see B.l)

C-
Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elcvation.
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I
RDB/32
8608-2-1.6k-B 5 [AMD 51741
at 1-800-451-1584.

BS 368-1971, Precast Concrete Flags PDF

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B S I B S * 3 b B 7 1 ~ ~ ~ L b 2 4 0h 0b0 6î 0 4 2 4

BRITISH STANDARD 368 : 1971

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

THIS BRITISHSTANDARD,. having been approved by the

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:

13.1 Sampling and testing 12

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

BS 340, ‘ Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants ’.

‘7.3 Chamfer. A wearing surface edge chamfer with dimensions, measured at

7. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

Table 1. FLAG SIZES

D 600 X 900 598 X 898 600 X 900 596 X 896 50 or 63

E 450 X 450 448 X 448 450 X 450 446 X 446 l 50or70

F 400 X 400 398 X 398 400 X 400 396 X 396 50 or 65

G 300 X 300 298 X 298 300 X 300 296 X 296 50 or 60

7.2 Tolerances. When sampled in aecordiince with Clame 1 i and masuted as

I:lay type Mininiuni ïaailiiiy load

50mm 60mm 63 mm 65 nim 70mni i

B,CorD 11.1 16.9

Age of sample at test Conversion factor

8.2 Absorption of water. When tested in the manner described in Appendix C

Age of sample Maximum average

Maximum average absorption values for intermediate ages shall be obtained

10. FACILITIES FOR SAMPLING

11.2 Purchaser's sampling. For the checking of the dimensions specified in

11.3 Sampling for independent testing. When it is agreed that independent

TEST FOR TRANSVERSE STRENGTH

as to enable loads to be applied without inducing my torsional restraint in the

TEST FOR THE ABSORPTION OF WATER

BS 2648, ’ Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens ’.

250 for type G flaas,

Fig. 3. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; end elevations

Precast coiicrete flags

Foreword (as ainerided by Aineridinent No. 1).

A 600 X 450 598 x 448 600 X 450 596 X 446 50 or 63

n 6 0 0 X GOO 598 x 598 600 X 600 596 X 596 50 or 63

C 600 X 750 598 x 7413 600 X 750 596 X 746 50 or 63

D 600 X 900 598 x 898 600 >:900 596 x a96 50 or 63

E 450 X 450 448 x 448 450 X 450 446 X 446 50 or 70

1; 400 X 400 398 x 398 400 X 400 396 X 396 50 or 65

G 300 X 300 298 x 298 300 X 300 296 X 296 50 or 60

Table 2 Transverse strciigtli requireiticnts. Delctc the table [id substitut eh

50 niiii 60 nini 63 nini 65 niiii 70 i n i n

U,C‘orD 11.1 16.9

Fig. 2, Arrsiigeiiieiit of loadiiig for traiisverse strenglii fest; ciid elevation.

Hardwood Locating brs removed

+, 450,375,350 or-250 mm (see B.l)

Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elcvation.

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