LESSON PLAN

English for Placement Purposes

Name of Teacher : Faculty Name

Subject Code / Subject :U17ENP5201/ English for Placement Purposes
Course / Branch : All B.E / B.Tech Courses
Topics : Transcoding Graphics
Duration : 55 Minutes x 2 = 110 Minutes

I. Objective:

 To understand the importance of graphical representations in Technical Education

 To encode and decode graphical representations such as graphs, bar charts, pie charts,
tables etc…

II. Planned Content:

 Prime Content/ Skill: Transcoding Graphics

 Materials: Videos, Photos and Prepared Text
 Reference: - www.academicwriting.cc
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtfvrcVMhgk
- https://www.ielts-exam.net/academic_writing_samples_task_1/

III. Procedure:

A. Ice Breaker: (Duration: 5 minutes)

Read the following and comprehend all about GST

What is GST?
Goods and Service Tax (GST) is an indirect tax which the Government of India is planning to
levy on all goods and services apart from those exempted by the GST law.
What will it do?
 The GST taxation laws will put an end to multiple taxes like excise, CST, VAT,
service tax which are levied on different products, starting from the source of
manufacturing, till reaching the end consumer.
 It will also stop distinguishing a good from a service and will tax both equally. The
GST is a dual taxation proposed regime, where the only two components will be
Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST). Under such nomenclature the total
amount of GST for any goods or service will be distributed in both State and
Central exchequers.
For consumers GST will help bringing in the following benefits–
1. Uniformity in Computing Taxes for Goods and Service-
GST will lead to the elimination of multiple excise, CST, VAT, service tax
calculations.
2. Uniform Tax Regime-
For both goods and services and less confusion in determining what constitutes a
good or what is a service.
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English for Placement Purposes

3. Elimination of Double Taxation-

Double taxation means the consumer pays tax on an item, on which already
government has collected tax from the manufacturer under some other head.
4. More Transparent Pricing-
Currently hidden taxes actually push up the taxes on a majority of goods to
anywhere in the 27% to 32% range. But with GST coming in, the % tax number is
proposed to be much lesser - however the number has not been finalized yet.

Now look at the given graphical representation below and compare it with your
understanding from the passage above.

The importance and significance of graphical representation over text is thus established.

B. Acquisition: (Duration 45 minutes)

What is meant by graphics?

Pictorial representation of various codes, symbols and conventions used.

Features of Graphics
* Brevity
* Clarity
* Variety
* Effectiveness
* Accessibility
* Comprehensibility

Some Examples of Graphics

Graph / Line Chart: To observe the relationship between two related phenomena.
Bar Chart / Histogram: To compare two or more facts with reference to a particular item
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English for Placement Purposes

Flow Chart: Narrative writing of different stages of development of a process.

Pie Chart: Proportion of distribution of components facts or progress within a given total
situation.
Tabular Column: When more than one parameter is involved and more than one item is to
be considered.
Tree Diagram: This is used to show the historical nature of dependent processes.

Procedure for Decoding

• Observe the given Chart / Table
• Understand the idea / Meaning
• Interpret and infer Messages from the figures
• Prepare rough draft.
• Arrange it logically
• Begin the paragraph with topic sentence.
• Use DISCOURSE MARKERS

Discourse Markers
Discourse markers are expressions that are used to show how discourse is constructed. They
can show the connection between what a speaker is saying and what has already been said or
what is going to be said; they can help to make clear the structure of what is being said.
Balancing contrasting points
These expressions are used to balance two facts or ideas that contrast, but do not contradict
each other.
Eg: on the other hand, while, whereas
Emphasizing a contrast
Eg: However, nevertheless, still, yet, in spite of this
Similarity
Eg: Similarly, in the same way
Counter-argument:
Eg: However, even so, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, all the same, still
Structuring
Eg: first(ly), first of all, second(ly), third(ly), lastly, finally, to begin with, to start with, in the
first/second/third place, for one thing, for another thing
Adding
Eg: moreover, furthermore, in addition, as well as that, another thing is
what is more, besides, in any case
Generalizing
Eg: On the whole, in general, in all/most/many/some cases, broadly speaking, by and large,
to a great extent, to some extent, apart from …, except for …
Giving examples
Eg: for instance, for example, in particular
Logical consequences
These expressions show that what is said follows logically from what was said before.
Eg: therefore, as a result, consequently, so, then

Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs to be used in transcoding graphics

Verbs Nouns
Rise (to) a rise
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English for Placement Purposes

Increase (to) an increase

Go up to
Grow (to) Growth
Climb (to) a climb
Boom a boom
Peak (at) (reach) a peak (at)
Fall (to) a fall (of)
Decline (to) a decline (of)
Decrease (to) a decrease (of)
Dip (to) a dip (of)
Drop (to) a drop (of)
Go down (to)
Reduce (to) a reduction (of)
A slump
Level out a leveling out
No change no change
Remain stable (at)
Remain steady (at)
Stay (at)
Stay constant (at)
Maintain the same level

Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs

Dramatic dramatically Rapid Rapidly
Sharp sharply Quick Quickly
Huge hugely Swift Swiftly
Enormous enormously Sudden Suddenly
Steep steeply Steady Steadily
Substantial substantially Gradual Gradually
Considerable considerably Slow Slowly
Significant significantly Marked markedly
Moderate moderately Slight slightly

PIE CHART

The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.
Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together
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they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending
in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars
doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.

Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to
14%. The proportion of salary spent on computer increased dramatically, up from 1%
in 1966 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of
outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%. Some areas remained relatively unchanged.
Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in
both years.

In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made
up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.

Line Graph

The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and
1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian
market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year
the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was
a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over
the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million
tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to
14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes
were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million
tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once
more to 20 million in 1990.

To conclude, in spite of variations, Canada’s wheat export resumed to nearly 20 million

tonnes whereas in case of Australia it declined by 5 million tonnes and in the European
community it increased by 5 million tonnes.
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English for Placement Purposes

Bar Chart

The graph shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 users, for selected
countries. Overall, most of the countries included in the graph have more mobile phones
subscribers than landlines

Most European countries have high mobile phone use. The biggest users of mobile phones
are the Italians, with 88 cell phones per 100 people. For example, Italy has twice as many
mobile phones as landlines, with 88 mobiles per hundred people compared to 45 for
landlines. Mobile phone use is low in Canada, with fewer than 40 phones per 100 people.
Denmark is also unusual because it has slightly more landlines than mobile phones.

However, in some countries, the number of landlines is higher than the number of mobile
phones. One example is the USA, where the number of mobiles, at 50 per 100 people, is
much lower than the number of landlines, at almost 70 per hundred. A similar pattern can be
seen in Canada. The highest number of landlines in the graph is in Denmark, with about 90
per 100 people. In contrast, the lowest figures for fixed lines are in Italy and the UK. In
conclusion, it seems that mobile phone use is higher in Europe than in North America.

The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.

From 30 - 50 years old

TV Sport Reading Hobbies Music Beach Sleep

Canada 60 22 15 40 3 0 2
France / / 30 20 4 / /
England / / 30 21 4 / 20
Australia 65 30 15 45 5 30 4
Korea 22 21 60 45 2 2 4
China 15 25 60 50 0 5 5
USA 60 23 15 42 23 30 2
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Japan / / 62 / / / /

This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The
pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching
television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people
watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of people
in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a
pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly,
the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isn’t
surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of

factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural
differences between different nationalities and make cross-cultural experiences more
interesting.

Flow Chart

Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products
ready for sale.

Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the
manufacturing process. Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But assembly first
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English for Placement Purposes

depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities
the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods. The
production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design stage that
proceeds from extensive research. After assembly, the products are inspected and tested to
maintain quality control. Those units that pass the inspection and testing stages are then
packaged, dispatched and offered for sale in retail outlets. The level of sales, which is the end
point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production planning.

A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing
and market research. If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable
problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's
design. Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the demand for
products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands which may change
with time. Market research, while influenced by product sales, also serves to foster future
sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods.

Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear
production process.

C. Practice / Testing: (40 minutes) Assessment 2

Students work on decoding graph, pie-chart and table and vice versa

D. De-briefing: (Duration: 5 minutes)

The importance of graphical representation and their significance is reiterated.