01 Electric Charge To Gauss Law v2.1

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–  Due: August 24, 2016;
•  Exam 1: September 6 (Tuesday)

–  Coverage: Electric Charges to Gauss’s law
PHYS 13
1st Semester AY 2016-‐2017 1
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Presenter: Jacqueline T. Cuansing
Collect XP Points
•  For every 500 XP points, you’ll get 0.5% in final
lecture grade. (Submission, every Thursday,
class Jme)
•  How to get XP point?
–  OpJon 1: 50 points for every 6 quesJons/
problems clearly answered.
–  OpJon 2: 100 points for every 10 quesJons/
problems clearly answered.
PHYS 13
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Electric Charges to Gauss Law
PHYS 13
1st Semester AY 2016-‐2017
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U.P.L.B. cards
U: Uu
P: Pause
L: Lito
B: Bu
PHYS 13
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ObjecJves
You should be able to
1.  Describe using a diagram charging by rubbing and charging by
inducJon
2.  Explain the role of electron transfer in electrostaJc charging by
rubbing
3.  Describe experiments to show electrostaJc charging by inducJon
4.  Predict charge distribuJons, and the resulJng abracJon or
repulsion, in a system of charged insulators and conductors
5.  Calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a
system of point charges
6.  Describe an electric field as a region in which an electric charge
experiences a force
PHYS 13
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ObjecJves
You should be able to
7.  Use in calculaJons the relaJonship between the electric field and
the electric force on a test charge
8.  Calculate the electric field due to a system of point charges using
Coulomb’s law and the superposiJon Principle
9.  Predict the trajectory of a point charge in a uniform electric field
10.  Calculate electric flux
11.  Use Gauss’s law to infer electric field due to uniformly distributed
charges on long wires, spheres, and large plates
12.  Solve problems involving electric charges, dipoles, forces, fields,
and flux in contexts such as, but not limited to, systems of point
charges, classical models of the atom, electrical breakdown of air,
charged pendulums, control of electron and proton beams,
electrostaJc ink-‐jet printer
PHYS 13
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Important Terms to Remember
•  Electricity
–  Greek word ‘elektron’ which means amber.
•  “Amber Effect” – StaJc Electricity
•  Sta%c Electricity
–  the build-‐up of non-‐moving charge on a material
•  Electrostatics
–  The interaction between static electric charges.
•  Benjamin Franklin named the two types of Electric Charge.

–  PosiJve charge: Charge on rubbed glass rod
–  NegaJve charge: Charge on a rubbed plasJc (or amber)
PHYS 13
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Important Terms to Remember
•  Law of ConservaJon of Electric Charge
–  Whenever a certain amount of charge is produced on one
object, an equal amount of the opposite type of charge is
produced on another object. The net charge produced is
zero.
–  Example: When a plasJc ruler is rubbed with a paper

towel, the plasJc acquires a negaJve charge and the
paper towel acquires an equal amount of posiJve charge.
The charges are separated, but the sum of the two is zero.
PHYS 13
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Where do charges come from?
Maber is made up of atoms.
– + Proton (positive charge)

neutron (neutral)
+
+ +
– –
– electron (negative charge)
atom nucleus
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If electrons = protons  neutral
If electrons > protons  gaining electrons, negaJve charge
If electrons < protons  losing electrons, positive charge
PHYS 13
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Rubbing materials does NOT

create electric charges. It just
transfers electrons from one
material to the other.
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When a balloon rubs a piece of wool...
NegaJve charge
PosiJve charge
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Insulators and conductors
Insulators: materials that do NOT allow

electrons to flow through them easily.
Insulators can be easily charged by friction as the extra

electrons gained CANNOT easily escape.
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Insulators and conductors
Conductors: materials that allow electrons to flow

through them easily.
Conductors CANNOT be easily charged by friction as

the extra electrons gained can easily escape.
PHYS 13
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Electric Charge
Two posi%ve or two nega%ve charges repel each other.
A posi%ve charge and a nega%ve charge abract each other
Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
PHYS 13
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Ways to electrically charge an object
Conduc%on
Induc%on
Fric%on
h"p://demo.webassign.net/ebooks/cj6demo/pc/c18/read/main/c18x18_4.htm
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Triboelectric Series
•  a list of materials, showing which have a
greater tendency to become posiJve (+) and
which have a greater tendency to become
negaJve (−). The list is a handy tool to
determine which combinaJons of materials
create the most staJc electricity.
PHYS 13
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Triboelectric Series
POSITIVELY CHARGE NEUTRAL NEGATIVELY CHARGE
+++ Dry Human Skin Cobon -‐ Wood
Leather Steel Amber
Rabbit Fur Hard rubber
Glass Nickel, Copper
Quartz Brass, Silver
Human Hair Gold, PlaJnum
Nylon Polyester
+ Wool Saran Wrap
Lead Polyethylene (like Scotch Tape)
Vinyl (PVC)
-‐-‐-‐ Silicon
Teflon
+++ Greatest tendency to -‐-‐-‐ Greatest tendency of gathering electrons
giving up electrons and on its surface and becoming highly negaJve
becoming highly posiJve (+) (−) in charge)
18
in charge)
Ways to electrically charge an object
Conduc%on
Induc%on
Fric%on
h"p://demo.webassign.net/ebooks/cj6demo/pc/c18/read/main/c18x18_4.htm
PHYS 13
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ConducJon
General Features:
•  Charging by conducJon involves the contact of a charged
object to a neutral object.
•  ConducJon process involved the touching of two
conductors.
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
•  Does contact charging have to occur through the contact of
two conductors?
•  Can an insulator conduct a charge to another object upon
touching?
•  Can an insulator be charged by conducJon?
PHYS 13
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InducJon
General Features:
•  A charged object is needed to charge an object by inducJon. Yet there is
never any contact made between the charged object and the object being
charged.
•  There is never any movement of electrons from the charged object to the
neutral object. The charged object is only used to induce electron
movement.
•  Only conductors can be charged by the inducJon process. The process
relies on the fact that a charged object can force or induce the movement
of electrons about the material being charged.
•  The object being charged ends up with a charge which is the opposite of
the object being used to charge it.
•  A ground must be used to charge on the object. The ground allows for
electron movement into or out of the object being charged.
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Grounding
What is grounding?
An object is grounded when it is connected

to the earth through a connecJng wire.
If a charged conductor is grounded, it

will become neutral.
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Grounding
How does grounding occur?
When we touch a metal ball of
positive charge...
+ +
+ electrons flow from the
+ +
earth to the metal ball to
–
neutralize the metal ball.
Metal ball becomes neutral.
PHYS 13
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Grounding
How does grounding occur?
Similarly, if the metal ball is of
negative charge...
– –
–
– – extra electrons flow
from the metal ball to
–
the earth and the ball
becomes neutral.
PHYS 13
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StaJc Electricity
•  StaJc electricity is the electric charge at rest on an
object.
•  When something is staJc, it is not moving.

•  The charges of staJc electricity do not move away from
the object that they are in. So, the object keeps its
charge.
•  Ex. Clothes taken out of a dryer
PHYS 13
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Electric Discharge
•  The loss of staJc electricity as charges move off an
object is called electric discharge.
SomeJmes, electric
discharge happens
SomeJmes, electric quickly.
discharge happens
slowly. Ex. wearing rubber-‐soled
shoes on carpet,
Ex: staJc on clothes lightning
PHYS 13
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How Lightning Forms
Lightning
•  Lightning usually strikes the highest point in a
charged area because that point provides the
shortest path for the charges to reach the ground.
•  Anything that sJcks up or out in an area can
provide a path for lightning.
•  A lightning rod is a pointed rod connected to the

ground by a wire.
•  Objects, such as a lightning rod, that are joined to Earth by a conductor, such as a wire,
are “grounded.” Any object that is grounded provides a path for electric charges to
move to Earth.
•  Because Earth is so large, it can give up or absorb charges without being damaged.
•  When lightning strikes a lightning rod, the electric charges are carried safely to Earth
through the rod’s wire. By direcJng the charge to Earth, the rods prevent lightning
from damaging buildings.
PHYS 13
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QuesJon 1
Sphere A carries a net posiJve charge, and sphere
B is neutral. They are placed near each other on
an insulated table. Sphere B is briefly touched
with a wire that is grounded. Which statement is
correct?
(U) Sphere B remains neutral.
(P) Sphere B is now posiJvely charged.
(L) Sphere B is now negaJvely charged.
(B) The charge on sphere B cannot be determined
without addiJonal informaJon.
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QuesJon 2
An originally neutral electroscope is grounded briefly
while a posiJvely charged glass rod is held near it.
Ater the glass rod is removed, the electroscope
(U) Remains neutral.

(P) Is negaJvely charged.
(L) Is posiJvely charged.
(B) Could be wither posiJvely or negaJvely charged,
depending on how long the contact with ground lasted.
PHYS 13
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QuesJon 3
How can a negaJvely charged rod charge an
electroscope negaJvely?
(U) By conducJon.

(P) By inducJon.
(L) By deducJon.
(B) It cannot.
PHYS 13
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QuesJon 4
How can a negaJvely charged rod charge an
electroscope posiJvely?
(U) By conducJon.

(P) By inducJon.
(L) By deducJon.
(B) It cannot.
PHYS 13
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QuesJon 5
•  Lightning quesJon:
U: Run to a waiJng shed

P: Walk and use my umbrella
L: Under a tree
B: Inside a car
PHYS 13
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Coulomb’s law – Electric FORCE
•  The magnitude of electric
force between two point
charges is directly
propor%onal to the
product of their charges
and
inversely propor%onal
to the square of the
distance between them.
PHYS 13
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h"p://todayinsci.com/C/Coulomb_Charles/CoulombCharles300px.jpg Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

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•  MathemaJcally,
q1q2
F=k 2
r
Where:
•  F – electric force; unit: Newton, N
•  k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

≈ 9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2
•  q -‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C
•  r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

PHYS 13
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•  MathemaJcally,
q1q2 1 q1q2
F=k 2 or F=
r 4πε 0 r 2
Where:
•  F – electric force; unit: Newton, N
•  k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

≈ 9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2
•  εo – electric permiMvity of free space

εo= 8.854 x 10-‐12 C2/Nm2
•  q -‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C
•  r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

PHYS 13
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Electric Charge (q)
q = Ne
Where
N – no. of elementary charge (integer)
e – elementary charge (e = 1.602 × 10−19 C)
– proton: (+e); electron (-‐e)
*Electric charge is quanJzed in units.
PHYS 13
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Example 1
Determine the magnitude and direcJon of the
electric force on the electron of a hydrogen atom
exerted by the single proton (q2 = +e). Assume the
average distance between the revolving electron and
the proton is r = 0.53 x 10-‐10 m.
+ -‐
r
q2 q1
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Example 1 (soluJon) 
F
Given:
q1 = Ne = -‐ 1e + -‐
= -‐ 1 x 1.6 x 10-‐19 C r
= -‐ 1.6 x 10-‐19 C q2 q1
q2 = Ne = + 1e 
Find: F
-‐ magnitude and
= + 1 x 1.6 x 10-‐19 C
direcJon of the electric force on
= +1.6 x 10-‐19 C the electron of a hydrogen atom
r = 0.53 x 10-‐10 m
q1q2
F=k 2
r
(9.0x10 9 Nim 2 / C2 )(−1.6x10 −19 C)(+1.6x10 −19 C)
=
(0.53x10 −10 m)2
= 8.2x10 −8 N The direc%on of the force on the electron is toward the 40
proton.
Example 2
A 1.0 C charge is 15 m from a second charge, and the
force between them is 1.0 N. What is the magnitude
of the second charge?
Given: Find: q2 -‐ magnitude of second
(U) 25 C q1 = 1.0 C charge
(P) 1.0 C F = 1.0 N Solution:
(L) 0.025 C r = 15 m q1q2
F=k 2
(B) 25 nC r
Fr 2 (1.0N) x (15m)2
q2 = =
kq1 (9.0x10 9 Nim 2 / C2 )(1.0 C)
= 2.5x10 −8 C or 25nC
41
Coulomb’s Law
•  Coulomb’s law describes only the interacJon of two point

charges.
•  For mulJple point charges, follows the principle of

superposi%on of forces: The net force on a charge is the
vector sum of all the forces acUng on it.
PHYS 13
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Review on Vector AddiJon
Vectors Resultant
Same DirecJon 40 N, North 120 N, North
80 N, North
Opposite 40 N, North 40 N, South
DirecJon 80 N, South
Perpendicular 40 N, North 89 N,
80 N, East 27° above the + x-‐axis
Others 40 N, 30° 83 N,
80 N, 290° 42° below the + x-‐axis
PHYS 13
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Solving Problems Involving
Coulomb’s Law and Vectors
Vector addition
review:
© 2014 Pearson EducaJon, Inc.

40 N, 30°
80 N, 290°
40 N, 30°
You may use graphical
method (Parallelogram/
Polygon) to get a picture/
idea of the magnitude and
θR direcJon of the resultant
vector.
Make sure you use a scale

to represent your vector.
Example: 1cm = 10N
R
*Take note that the scaling
in this diagram is a bit off.
If you do it properly, you
will be able to get a
resultant vector of approx.
equal to 8.3cm  83N
80 N, 290° and about 43° below the
+x-‐axis. 45
40 N, 30°
80 N, 290°
40 N, 30°
F1y 2 2
F1x Rx
θR
F2x R Ry
F2y
80 N, 290°
46
Example 3
Three charged parJcles are arranged in a line.
Calculate the net electrostaJc force on parJcle
3 due to the other two charges.
X-‐axis
-‐ + -‐
0.30m 0.20m
Q1= -‐ 8.0μC Q2 = + 3.0μC Q3 = -‐4.0μC
Solu%on:
Net force = vector sum of F31 and F32 q1q2
Using Coulomb’s Law:
F=k 2
r
Magnitude of F31 = 1.2 N and F32 = 2.7 N;
DirecJon: F31 points to the right (+), repulsion and F32 points to the let (-‐), abracJon.
Net Force = -‐ F32 + F31 = -‐ 2.7 N + 1.2 N = -‐ 1.5 N.
Answer: The magnitude of the net force is 1.5 N and it points to the let. 47
Example 4
Calculate the net electrostaJc force on charge

Q3 due to the charges Q1 and Q2.

Answer: F
3 = 290 N, 65°
48
Example 5:

Three point charges lie at the verJces of an equilateral triangle as
shown. All three charges have the same magnitude, but charge #1
and #2 are posiJve (+q) and charges #3 is negaJve (–q).
The net electric force that charges #2 and #3 exert on charge #1 is
in
Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. +q

(P) the –x-‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-‐direcJon. y

(UP) none of the above –q

x

Charge #3

PHYS 13
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Example 5: (Answer)

and #2 are posiJve (+q) and charges #3 is negaJve (–q).
in
Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. +q





x

Charge #3

PHYS 13
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Example 6:

is posiJve (+q) and charges #2 and #3 are negaJve (–q).
in
Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. –q





x

Charge #3

PHYS 13
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Example 6: (Answer)

is posiJve (+q) and charges #2 and #3 are negaJve (–q).
in
Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. –q





x

Charge #3

PHYS 13
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Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field
Coulomb’s Law lets us calculate the FORCE between two ELECTRIC CHARGES.
Electrostatic forces act at a distance, without contact.
To help us visualize how

electrostaJc/electric forces
can act at a distance,
Michael Faraday “invented”
the idea of the FIELD.
The electric field “connects”

the charges—we can draw it
(Electric Field lines), and
invoke it as the “thing” that
provides “contact” for
forces.
No force, no field; No field, no force!

PHYS 13
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The Electric Field
The electric field is the force

on a Jny posiJve test charge
placed at that point, divided by
the magnitude of the test
charge:
Unit: Newton / Coulomb

PHYS 13
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Electric field
–  A charged body produces an electric field in the space around it

PHYS 13
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The E-‐Field at a distance r from a single charge Q
E
F
.
+q + .
r r
P
P
kQq + + + +
F= 2 +
+ Q +
+
+
r + +
2
F kQq r
E= =
q q
Ref: A PowerPoint PresentaUon by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University, 2007
PHYS 13
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The Electric Field
Electric Field on a point charge:
Force on a point charge in an electric field:
SuperposiJon principle for electric fields:
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The Resultant Electric Field.
The resultant field E in the vicinity of a number of point
charges is equal to the vector sum of the fields due to
each charge taken individually. (superposition principle)
E1 E2
q1 ·
 A
Vector Sum:
E = E1 + E2 + E3
-‐
ER
E3 +
q3 -‐ q2
PHYS 13
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The Electric Field
Problem solving in electrostaJcs: electric forces
and electric fields
1.  Draw a diagram; show all charges, with signs,
and electric fields and forces with direcJons
2.  Calculate forces using Coulomb’s law
3.  Add forces vectorially to get result

PHYS 13
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Example 7. A +2 nC charge is placed +2 nC
at a distance r from a –8 mC charge. +q + . P
If the charge experiences a force of E 4000 N

E r
4000 N, what is the electric field
-‐ -‐
intensity E at point P? -‐
-‐ -‐Q -‐
-‐
–8 mC
-‐ -‐
Electric Field
F 4000 N
E= = E = 2 x 1012 N/C
q 2 x 10-9C Downward
PHYS 13
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Example 8. A constant E field of 40,000 N/C is
maintained between the two parallel plates. What
are the magnitude and direcJon of the force on an
electron that passes horizontally between the plates.
+ + + + + + + + +
F
-‐
. E
-‐ -‐
F
E = ; F = qE -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
q
F = qE = (1.6 x 10 C)(4 x 10 -19 4 N
C
)
F = 6.40 x 10-15 N, Upward
PHYS 13
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Example 9. What is the electric field intensity E at
point P, a distance of 3 m from a negaJve charge of –
8 nC?
E = ? .
P (9 x 10 9 Nm 2
)(8 x 10-9C)
r
kQ C2
3 m E= 2 = 2
r (3 m)
-‐Q -‐8 nC
E = 8.00 N/C
PHYS 13
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ASSIGNMENT No. 2 | paper: ½ CW | Show your complete soluJon.
Example 10. Find the resultant field at point A due to the
–3 nC charge and the +6 nC charge arranged as shown.
q1 -‐3 nC
-‐
3 cm E1 5 cm
+6 nC
·
+
E2 A q2
4 cm
Resultant Field: ER = 4.52 N/C; 131.60
PHYS 13
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Example 10. Find the resultant field at point A due to the
–3 nC charge and the +6 nC charge arranged as shown.
q1 -‐3 nC
-‐
3 cm E1 5 cm
+6 nC
·
+
E2 A q2
4 cm
9 Nm 2 -9 9 Nm 2
(9 x 10 C2
)(3 x 10 C) (9 x 10 C2
)(6 x 10-9C)
E1 = 2
E2 =
(0.03 m) (0.04 m)2
PHYS 13
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Example 10. (Cont.)Find the resultant field at point A. The
magnitudes are:
9 Nm 2 -9
q1 -‐3 n C (9 x 10 )(3 x 10 C)
-‐ E1 = C2
2
3 cm E 5 cm (0.03 m)
1
+6 nC 9 Nm 2
·
+
(9 x 10 C2
)(6 x 10-9C)
E2 A q2 E2 =
4 cm (0.04 m)2
ER
E1
f

E2
PHYS 13
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Example10. (Cont.)Find the resultant field at point A using
vector mathemaJcs.
ER E1 = 30,000 N/C, North
E1 E2 = 33,750 N/C, West

f

E2
E = (30,000 N/C)2 + (33,750 N/C)2 = 45,155.98 N/C;

30,000 N/C
tan φ =
33,750 N/C
Resultant Field: ER = 45,156 N/C; 41.60NW or 138.40 from the +x-axis.
or following the correct number of significant figures,
ER = 50,000 N/C; 400NW or 1000 from the +x-axis.
PHYS 13
PSLH-‐B Ref: A PowerPoint PresentaUon by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern
Presenter: Jacqueline T. Cuansing Polytechnic State University, 2007
Example 11

Two point charges and a point P lie Charge #1

at the verJces of an equilateral –q

triangle as shown. Both point
charges have the same magnitude
P

q but opposite signs. There is
nothing at point P. y

The net electric field that charges
+q

#1 and #2 produce at point P is in
x

Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (B) the –x-‐direcJon.

(P) the +y-‐direcJon. (UP) the –y-‐direcJon.
(L) none of the above
PHYS 13
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Example 11. (Answers)

Charge #1

Two point charges and a point P lie –q

at the verJces of an equilateral
charges have the same magnitude P

q but opposite signs. There is
y

nothing at point P.
The net electric field that charges +q

#1 and #2 produce at point P is in x

Charge #2

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (L) the –x-‐direcJon.

(P) the +y-‐direcJon. (B) the –y-‐direcJon.
(UP) none of the above
PHYS 13
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Example 12.



charges have the same negaJve P

charge (–q). There is nothing at
point P. y

The net electric field that charges –q

#1 and #2 produce at point P is in x
Charge #2


PHYS 13
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Example 12. (Answers)



charges have the same negaJve
P

charge (–q). There is nothing at
point P. y

The net electric field that charges
–q

#1 and #2 produce at point P is in
x
Charge #2


PHYS 13
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Electric Field Lines
The electric field can be represented by field
lines. These lines start on a posiJve charge and
end on a negaJve charge.
PHYS 13
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The number of field lines starJng (ending) on a
posiJve (negaJve) charge is proporJonal to the
magnitude of the charge.
The electric field is stronger where the field lines

are closer together.
PHYS 13
Electric field lines of point charges
PHYS 13
PSLH-‐B
The electric field between
two closely spaced,
oppositely charged parallel
plates is constant.
PHYS 13
Summary of field lines:
1.  Field lines indicate the direction of the field;
the field is tangent to the line.
2.  The magnitude of the field is proportional to
the density of the lines.
3.  Field lines start on positive charges and end
on negative charges; the number is
proportional to the magnitude of the charge.
PHYS 13
Example 13:

The illustration shows the electric field lines due to three point charges. The
electric field is strongest

(U) where the field lines are closest together.

(P) where the field lines are farthest apart.

(L) where adjacent field lines are parallel.

(B) none of the above

PHYS 13
PSLH-‐B
Example 13: (answer)

The illustration shows the electric field lines due to three point charges. The
electric field is strongest

(U) where the field lines are closest together.

(P) where the field lines are farthest apart.

(L) where adjacent field lines are parallel.

(B) none of the above

PHYS 13
PSLH-‐B

01 Electric Charge To Gauss Law v2.1

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Announcements

• Exam 1: September 6 (Tuesday)

• Benjamin Franklin named the two types of Electric Charge.

– Example: When a plasJc ruler is rubbed with a paper

Maber is made up of atoms.

– + Proton (positive charge)

If electrons > protons  gaining electrons, negaJve charge

If electrons < protons  losing electrons, positive charge

Rubbing materials does NOT

Insulators: materials that do NOT allow

Insulators can be easily charged by friction as the extra

Conductors: materials that allow electrons to flow

Conductors CANNOT be easily charged by friction as

Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

An object is grounded when it is connected

If a charged conductor is grounded, it

• When something is staJc, it is not moving.

• Ex. Clothes taken out of a dryer

• A lightning rod is a pointed rod connected to the

(U) Remains neutral.

(U) By conducJon.

(U) By conducJon.

U: Run to a waiJng shed

h"p://todayinsci.com/C/Coulomb_Charles/CoulombCharles300px.jpg Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

• k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

• q -­‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C

• r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

• k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

• εo – electric permiMvity of free space

• q -­‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C

• r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

*Electric charge is quanJzed in units.

• Coulomb’s law describes only the interacJon of two point

• For mulJple point charges, follows the principle of

© 2014 Pearson EducaJon, Inc.

Make sure you use a scale

Calculate the net electrostaJc force on charge

(P) the –x-­‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-­‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-­‐direcJon. y

(UP) none of the above –q

(P) the –x-­‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-­‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-­‐direcJon. y

(UP) none of the above –q

(P) the –x-­‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-­‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-­‐direcJon. y

(UP) none of the above –q

(P) the –x-­‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-­‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-­‐direcJon. y

(UP) none of the above –q

To help us visualize how

The electric ﬁeld “connects”

No force, no ﬁeld; No ﬁeld, no force!

The electric ﬁeld is the force

Unit: Newton / Coulomb

Ref: University Physics. 13th edition – H.Young and R. Freedman.

Electric Field on a point charge:

Force on a point charge in an electric ﬁeld:

•  Exam 1: September 6 (Tuesday)

•  Benjamin Franklin named the two types of Electric Charge.

–  Example: When a plasJc ruler is rubbed with a paper

•  When something is staJc, it is not moving.

•  Ex. Clothes taken out of a dryer

•  A lightning rod is a pointed rod connected to the

•  k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

•  q -‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C

•  r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

•  k ≈ 8.988 x 109 Newton meter2/Coulomb2

•  εo – electric permiMvity of free space

•  q -‐ magnitude of point charge; SI unit: Coulomb, C

•  r – distance between the two point charges; SI unit: meter, m

•  Coulomb’s law describes only the interacJon of two point

•  For mulJple point charges, follows the principle of

(P) the –x-‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-‐direcJon. y

(P) the –x-‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-‐direcJon. y

(P) the –x-‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-‐direcJon. y

(P) the –x-‐direcJon. Charge #1

(L) the +y-‐direcJon. +q

(B) the –y-‐direcJon. y

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (B) the –x-‐direcJon.

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (L) the –x-‐direcJon.

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (L) the –x-‐direcJon.

(U) the +x-‐direcJon. (L) the –x-‐direcJon.