Aalto-University 27.9.

2013
School of Engineering WSII
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering

Example 12: Check the dimensions of the hole in GL-beam.

(Introduction to the design of holes in the beams)

The roof of the industrial hall is supported by a GL32h beams with a

rectangular hole in the web. The span of the beam is 15000 mm and the hole
is 500 x 500 m2. Beam supports secondary beams.

Sanction class :

KFI  1.0

Service class :
KL  1

Own weight :
kN
gk  2.4
m
kN
γg1  1.35 gd  γg1  KFI  gk gd  3.24 m 
2
m
Snow load :
kN
qkl  7.2
m

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

γg2  1.15 γq  1.5 qd  γg2  KFI  gk  γq  KFI  qkl

kN
qd  13.56 m 
2
m
Properties of GL-beam :

h  1000mm ar  500mm hr  500mm

3 2
b h 10 4 b h 7 3
b  140mm I  I  1.17  10  mm W  W  2.33  10  mm
12 6

b   h  hr 
3 3
Ieff
Ieff    I  1.02  1010  mm4 Weff 
7
Weff  2.04  10  mm
3
12 eff h
2
2 2
h  hr b  hp b  hp
5 3
hp  Ip  Ip  7.29  10  mm Wp 
2 12 6

3 3
L1  15m L2  5m V  0.01m V0  0.01m

Partial safety factor and strength values:

N N
kmod  0.80 fmk  32 ftk  0.5
2 2
mm mm

N
γM  1.2 fvk  3.8
2
mm

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

h > 600 mm.

kh  1

Design values :
fmk N
fmd  kh  kmod  fmd  21.33 
γM 2
mm
0.2
 V0  ftk
kvol    ft90d  kvol  kmod 
V γM

fvk N
kcr  1 fvd  kmod  fvd  2.53  Surface treatment is used to reduce moisture
γM 2 movement in the GL beam.
mm
Shear:

 L1 
Vd  qd    L2 Vd  33.9  kN
 2 
Bending caused by shear forces (right corner) :

Vd ar
Mvd   Mvd  4.24  kN  m
2 2

Bending caused by moment :

ar
L3  L2 
2

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

Md  qd 

L3  L1  L3  Md  347.05  kN  m
2

Bending stresses :

Md N
σ md1  σ md1  17 
Weff 2
mm
Mvd N
σ md2  σ md2  2.91 
Wp 2
mm

N
σ md  σ md1  σ md2 σ md  19.9 
2
mm
σ md
 0.93 < 1.
fmd

Markku Kortesmaa ; Laskentamenetelmät :

Shear stresses :

3 Vd N
τd1   τd1  0.73 

2 b  h  hr  mm
2

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

Diameter of the hole :

2 2 D
D  ar  h r D  707.11  mm  0.71 kred  0.29 Reduction factor is obtained from
h figure above.)

Reduction :
N
fvrd1  kred  fvd fvrd1  0.73 
2
mm
τd1
 0.99 < 1.
fvrd1

STEP1 : Timber structures :

h  hr
α  α  0.5
h
3  Vd N
τd2  τd2  0.73 
2 b α h mm
2

3
1  555  
D D
khol  if  0.1 khol  0.32
h h
1.62
otherwise
 1.8  D  2
 
 h

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

N
fvrd2  khol  fvd fvrd2  0.82  Note same formula as before.)
2
mm
τd2
 0.89 < 1.
fvrd2

EC5 :

Reduction for tension L to grain


lt90  0.5  hr  h  lt90  750  mm ( 6.65S) (For rectangular holes.)

 450mm  0.5 
kt90  min   1 kt90  0.67
 h  

hro  250mm hru  250mm

( 6.67S) (For rectangular holes.)


hr2  min hru hro  ( kuva6.16S) (hole is way too large > 0.3 x h
according to table used, note
Tension force and stresses L to grain : different table than in 205)

 h 2
V d  hr
Ft90d 

 3
r 
 0.008
Md
Ft90d  17.21  kN
4 h  2  h
 h  r

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Department of Civil and Structural Engineering 27.9.2013
WSII

Ft90d
σ t90d 
0.5  b  kt90  lt90

N σ t90d
σ t90d  0.49 
2  1.47
mm ft90d

EC does not allow so large holes in the beam.

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