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Abstract -- Traffic lights currently applied are not considered optimal traffic congestion problem because the system
applied to traffic light only refers to the time while the density level at the crossroads is not always the same. Then
the congestion level at the crossroads can’t be controlled properly. Therefore, we need a Smart Traffic Light system
that is able to optimize the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue in real time. This smart
traffic light controller is equipped with several infrared sensors that are used to detect the length of the queue of
vehicles on each track. The detection results with these sensors will be input into the system to adjust traffic light.
Paths that are more crowded vehicle volume will take precedence, so it will reduce the occurrence of congestion. The
optimal setting of the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue and also the input of other traffic
lights adjacent information. This smart light traffic control system uses Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to
process embedded programs and control the sensors and LED lights.
Keywords: Arduino: Traffic Light: Sensor:
I. INTRODUCTION
Traffic lights currently applied are not considered optimal traffic congestion problem because the system applied to
traffic light only refers to the time while the density level at the crossroads is not always the same. Then the
congestion level at the crossroads can’t be controlled properly. Therefore, we need a Smart Traffic Light system that
is able to optimize the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue in real time. This smart traffic
light controller is equipped with several infrared sensors that are used to detect the length of the queue of vehicles
on each track. The detection results with these sensors will be input into the system to adjust traffic light. Paths that
are more crowded vehicle volume will take precedence, so it will reduce the occurrence of congestion. The optimal
setting of the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue and also the input of other traffic lights
adjacent information.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IRJCS: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 4.281
Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 88.80
© 2014- 18, IRJCS- All Rights Reserved Page -360
International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com
A. Research Problems
Based on the above background, the authors try to identify some of the issues that exist among them as follows:
1) How to set the use of infrared sensor to detect the queue length of the motor vehicle?
2) How to Model hardware and software that is implemented on Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to control the
sensor?
3) How to design process of making physical model of traffic light arrangement based on queue length by using
Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller
B. Limitation of Research
The limitation in this research are:
1) The greedy algorithm is applied to the optimum traffic time calculation.
2) The sensor can determine the condition of the congestion level based on the predetermined queue length of the
motor vehicle.
3) Distance, number, and sensor placement have been determined by the researchers (25m, 50m, 100m, 200m,
300m), while the mockets are placed every 10cm from one sensor to the other.
C. Purpose And Objectives
The purpose of this research are:
1) Perform the design of the traffic crossroads and its completeness to fit the actual conditions.
2) Estimates the number of miniature vehicles that can pass through the traffic lights from the time of the green
light that has been determined by researchers.
3) Designing traffic systems with the detection of queue-length motorized vehicles based on infrared sensors.
4) Designing a greedy algorithm works on a traffic system.
While the benefits of this research are:
1) Optimize traffic light time at each intersection.
2) Reduces vehicle buildup caused by long queues when red lights on traffic are on
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Definition of Traffic lights
There are 3 important parameters in controlling traffic lights:
1) Cycle Time: the time taken for a full cycle of phase signals including red, yellow and green.
2) Green light: the percentage of green light time allocated for each direction in one cycle of the signal.
3) Offset: the relative time difference between green and consecutive phase starts signals
These three important parameters must be controlled, controlled and coordinated in a distributed manner. The
decentralized traffic control architecture using Swarm Self Organizing can provide effective control of complex
network traffic such as those in the city of Jakarta and major cities others. [1]
B. Traffic Light based on Microcontroller
Traffic on programmed through microcontroller using CodeVision AVR software.In addition to using the program,
the method used in this study also simulates one part of the system block that is a single phase full wave rectifier.
This simulation is done to get the result of pure DC wave after through filter C. The pure wave is used to supplay
driver so as not to cause ripple which can make the output of a circuit less good. Software used is Power Simulator
(PSIM) to see the results of input and output waves of a series. Traffic light settings by using a microcontroller are
capable of detecting special signals from special cars such as ambulance or firefighters or police or similar cars that
will automatically turn red light traffic lights green into green by using Xbee Pro and GPS wireless modules, and keep
the traffic lights on while power supply from PLN goes off by using backup battery. Infra red(IR) controls the timer of
light signal bymeasuring the density of traffic and also prevents illegalconvert traffic light such asspecial emergency
vehicles like ambulance etc. [2]
C. Intelligent System Transportation
Intelligent System Transportation (ITS) is a combination of transportation systems with Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). Jakarta's traffic with a very large number of motory bikes creates an unavoidable
congestion problem. The development of technology that allows to track motorcycles using cameras is referred to as
Geometric Remote Particle Filters / Geometric Deep Partical Filters (GDPF) has been done. This tracking process is
inspired by the visual perception of humans that have nonretinotopic properties by using a particle filter approach. A
number of experiments have been conducted for this study, and have found that GDPF has reached the level of
success of motorcycle tracking objects by using geometric computation applied in Fuzzy-based controller logic. ITS
reduces environmental impact and improves transportation safety and mobility, ITS also enhances productivity
through the integration of advanced communications-based information and electronic technologies into the
transportation infrastructure and vehicles. The USDOT has provided leadership of the national ITS Program for more
than two decades. [3]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IRJCS: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 4.281
Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 88.80
© 2014- 18, IRJCS- All Rights Reserved Page -361
International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com
D. Smart Traffic Light using Travelling Salesman Problem and Greedy Algorithm
Design of intelligent traffic lights using the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Greedy algorithm based on the
determination of research variables consisting of volume, speed, time and length of queue. The problem of traffic
smoothness at the intersection using traffic lights service is already a common problem in traffic on the road. By
integrating an automated system whose implementation uses a greedy algorithm, it will find the optimal lamp
timeout solution for each traffic light. With this algorithm, the waiting time in each path will vary depending on the
queue of vehicles of each candidate. The algorithm will also be applied to the greenlight waiting time waiting system
on smart traffic light and will be run continuously and real-time.The quantity can be used as a decision in the
optimization of traffic light control by using greedy algorithm. [4]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IRJCS: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 4.281
Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 88.80
© 2014- 18, IRJCS- All Rights Reserved Page -363
International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IRJCS: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 4.281
Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 88.80
© 2014- 18, IRJCS- All Rights Reserved Page -364
International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com
From the table above can be spelled out, if no sensor detects the object or lights up, it is called level 0 and the red
light will light up. If only one sensor is on, on a distance of 0 cm to 10 cm which represents the distance of 0 m - 25 m,
is called level one and the green light will hold for 5 seconds. If one is a one and two sensors, on a distance of 0 cm -
20 cm, representing a distance of 0 m - 50 m then the green light will be on for 10 seconds. If the one is a one and
three sensors, on a distance of 0 cm - 30 cm, representing a distance of 0 m - 100 m, the green light will last for 15
seconds. If the illuminated one is a sensor and a sensor four, on a distance of 0 cm - 40 cm, representing a distance of
0 m - 200 m then the green light will light for 20 seconds. If the illuminated one is sensor one and sensor five, on the
distance model 0 cm - 50 cm, representing distance 0 m - 300 m then green light will light for 25 second. On the
busway lane if one sensor is located 0 cm - 10 cm distance representing distance 0 m - 25 m is level one and green
light will live for 10 second. If the busway lane on two sensors that is at a distance of 0 cm - 25 cm representing a
distance of 0 m - 100 m it will live the green light for 20 seconds. Traffic lights on the model are used red, yellow,
green LED lights that resemble the color of the actual traffic lights. This LED lamp is also the output of
microcontroller processing with infrared sensor. At intersection one has two sets of LED lights, one LED on the main
road, and one LED circuit on the Busway Line. As for the other intersection, at intersection of four Matraman East
Jakarta traffic lights Busway lane combined with traffic lights of the main line, hence each intersection on the model
has a series of LED lights.
V. CONCLUSION
After the analysis and discussion, we can get a conclusion that can solve the problem of this research and from that
conclusion. The conclusions, among others:
1) The design of maket intersection 4 Matraman East Jakarta can be built East Jakarta can be built in accordance
with the actual form, and equipped with various electronic components to operate the traffic system on the
model.
2) Infrared sensors can be used to detect the length of miniature vehicle queues on the model
3) The Greedy algorithm can work on the traffic system in the case of this study by accelerating or increasing the
green light time at each intersection from a certain level limit.
REFERENCES
1. W. Jatmiko, A. Azurat, A. Wibowo, H. Marihot, and M. Wicaksana, “SELF-ORGANIZING URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL
ARCHITECTURE WITH SWARM-SELF ORGANIZING MAP IN JAKARTA : SIGNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND
SIMULATOR,” vol. 3, no. 3, 2010.
2. M. Deepti, L. Dash, J. Arun, and Y. Kumar, “Smart Traffic Light Signals,” vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1919–1921, 2016.
3. I. Transportation, S. Its, J. Program, and O. Jpo, “USDOT’s Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic Plan
2015-2019,” 2019.
4. P. C. Siswipraptini, W. H. Martono, and D. Hartanti, “Reducing a congestion with introduce the greedy algorithm
on traffic light control,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2018.
5. Yaya Sudarya, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ONLINE ORDERING SYSTEM OF PADANG CUISINE, Vol. 7 Issue
5,https://ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/May2018/V7I5201804.pdf
6. FajarMasya, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LECTURER EVALUATION SYSTEM USING ELECTRE METHOD
IN WEB-BASED APPLICATION, Vol. 4 Issue 5, http://www.irjcs.com/volumes/vol4/iss05/53.MYCS10083.pdf
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IRJCS: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 4.281
Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 88.80
© 2014- 18, IRJCS- All Rights Reserved Page -367