Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF FRUIT/VEGETABLE JUICES
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
NIYAMATULLA ANSARI SANIYA FIRDOUS
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
CBSE GRADE XII
IN
CHEMISTRY
AT
KOTILA,CHECKPOST,AZAMGARH
UP,INDIA
2018-2019
Preface
As a part of the course curriculum and to deepen and widen practical
knowledge in the concept of "FERMENTATION OF
FRUIT/VEGETABLE JUICES" students are required to make project
report on FERMENTATION OF FRUIT/VEGETABLE JUICES.
It goes without saying that my classmates, Belal, Ahmad, Divyansh for their
help in due course of this project. My
parents have also played a part in helping me in this project. My thanks goes
out to them also.
This project and reading-up on the same has provided me with an in depth
understanding of the topic. It has nurtured my scientific temperament and
curiosity.
Signature of the
Candidate
CERTIFICATE
In this project, time taken for fermentation of various fruit / vegetable juices
had to be compared. Fermentation is one of the oldest methods of processing
food into a form that is suitable for preservation.
Temperature
A VERSATILE REACTION
LIMITATIONS
Another point to be noted is that the rates calculated from this experiment is
just one case and this can’t actually access the rate of fermentation of the
fruit. An average needs to be taken to access its actual value.
PRINCIPLE/THEORY
Sucrose is hence first converted to glucose and fructose with the enzyme
invertase, while enzyme zymase converts glucose and fructose to ethyl
alcohol.
Invertase
Zymase
Zymase
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Glucose Fructose Ethanol
To test for the presence reducing sugars to the juice, a small amount of
Fehling’s solution is added and boiled in a water bath. During a water bath,
the solution progresses in the colors of blue (with no glucose present), green,
yellow, orange, red, and then brick red or brown (with high glucose present).
A colour change would signify and the presence of glucose.
Sucrose (table sugar) contains two sugars (fructose and glucose) joined by
their glycosidic bond in such a way as to prevent the glucose isomerizing to
aldehyde, or the fructose to alpha-hydroxy-ketone form. Sucrose is thus a
non-reducing sugar which does not react with Fehling’s solution.(Sucrose
indirectly produces a positive result with Benedict’s reagent if heated with
dilute hydrochloric acid prior to the test, although after this treatment it is no
longer sucrose.) The products of sucrose decomposition are glucose and
fructose, both of which can be detected by Fehling’s as described above.
Pasteur’s salt
The Pasteur’s salts in solution act as a buffer to any acids the yeast may
create. Since yeast only converts sugar (most likely sucrose or glucose) to
ethanol under anaerobic conditions, and it is unreasonable to assume that
there will be no oxygen present in the laboratory, some acetic acid is created
as a result. The Pasteur salts act as buffers to the acidity so that the proteins
in the yeast do not become denatured.
EXPERIMENT
Aim:
To compare the rates of fermentation of some fruit/vegetable juices and
determine the substance which has the highest rate of fermentation amongst
the various samples taken.
Requirement:
a. Chemical Requirement
Pasteur’s salts
Yeast
Fehling’s reagent
b. Apparatus Requirement
Conical flasks
Test tubes
Beaker
Bunsen burner, tripod stand and watch glass
PROCEDURE
1. 5.0 ml of apple juice was taken in a clean 250 ml conical flask and
diluted with 50 ml of distilled water.
5. Step 4 was repeated after every 10 minutes until the reaction mixture
stopped giving any red colour or precipitate.
6. This time taken, i.e. time taken for the completion of fermentation was
noted.
7. All the above steps were repeated by taking 5 ml each of grape juice,
black grape juice, sweet lime juice, orange juice and carrot juice.
Precautions:
The time taken for fermentation of carrot juice was well before the rest of
the juices, it’s recorded time being 30 minutes. This means that carrot juice
has the highest sucrose content from the various samples taken. After 50
minutes orange and tomato juices gave positive test for fermentation with
Fehling’s solution. For sweet lime juice time taken for fermentation was 60
minutes and for apple juice it was 70 minutes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY