 Background SCADA

The industry is a field that has a function and a very vital influence in the fields of the
economy around the world. The industry is the process of making something that is not being
there. Along with the increase in population in the world, the demand for goods has also
increased. This spurred the increase the amount of goods industries. Before the technology is
evolving rapidly as now, industry is still very dependent on humans in operation of industrial
machines. It has the disadvantage of relying on a difficult industrial processes carried out by
humans. The problem occurs when a process in the industry require a fast response against
situations or changes that occur in the field. The humans in this case as the main actor, in fact,
has a limitation for conducting surveillance, monitor and control simultaneously. SCADA is a
solution created by humans to cope with the problems that occur in the industry.

SCADA is a system for controlling the tool remotely, with the ability to monitor data
from a controlled tool. SCADA is a field that has always developed continuously in all parts of
the world on a variety of industry types who spent trilyun - trilyun dollars. With SCADA, an
industry can take a more integrated and controlled in spite of poor areas is vast and difficult to
reach by humans.

SCADA has been widely applied in various fields of industry. Starting from city waste
water disposal systems, processing, oil and gas, electrical distribution and control, city oversight
of the city's traffic system and trains etc.

 Definisi SCADA

SCADA (SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION) is a data

acquisition system for use as a control from an object. The most simple SCADA system that
might be encountered in the world is a series of singles that tell you an event (event). A full-scale
SCADA system is able to monitor and control the process (at once) which is much larger and
complex

.
  Development Of SCADA

SCADA has undergone a change of generation, which initially design a SCADA device
MTU has one that does the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition through one or many RTU
that doubles as a Remote (dumb) I/O via Radio communication lines, dedicated line Telephone
and others. This first generation SCADA called monolithic.

The next generation network make a intelligent RTU, so local control functions
performed by each location form RTU each RTU, and MTU only do sury control covering some
or all of the RTU. The existence of local control, the operator must operate each of the local
plant and need local MMI. A lot of manufacturers who turn their communications from MTU –
RTU to the MMI degree (Master)-MMI (Remote) through a network of microwave satellite.
There are also implements its communication on the level of RTU, because it argues that we
can't rely on the padter system, and communication on the level of computer (MMI) requires a
broad and expensive banwidth.

With the rapid advancement of technology and the internet nowadays, SCADA concept
above is transformer into simpler so-called third generation "distributed" and utilize the internet
infrastructure at this time generally already built by the company the use of large companies such
as Pertamina. If there are areas of agricultural areas or areas that are not yet installed internet
infrastructure, the current market is a lot we can get Wireless LAN device that can reach out to a
distance of up to 40 km (without repeater) and the price is relatively cheap. Every Remote Area
with each form control system which is already fitted with OPC (OLE for Process Control; OLE
= Object Linking Embedding) Server and can pair an Industrial Web Server with XML
Technologi that can then easily be accessed with a Web Browser like we use.

 SCADA Components

SCADA system has four (4) functions, namely:

1. Data acquisition
2. Data communication network
3. The presentation of the data
4. Control (process)
 These functions are supported completely through the 4 (four) components of the
SCADA, namely:
1. The Sensor (either analog or digital) and relay controls that are directly related to a
wide range of actuator on systems that are controlled.
2. the RTUs (Remote Telemetry Units). Units is a "computer" small (mini), meaning a
unit equipped with a self-contained system such as a computer, which is placed at the
location and specific places in the field. RTU acted as local data collectors obtain data
from sensor-sensor and sends commands directly to the equipment in the field.
3. SCADA master Unit (Master Terminal Unit-MTU). Is the computer that is used as a
processing center of the SCADA system. The master unit provides HMI (Human
Machine Iterface) for users, and automatically set the system correspond to the inputs
(sensors) are accepted.
4. PLC, or Programmable Logic Control.
5. Communication Network, is the medium that connects SCADA with the master unit
RTU RTU-in the field

Understanding the components of the SCADA

1. Data acquisition
In fact, we need a much more monitoring and complex for measurement against the input
and some sensor used for measurement against exodus (pressure, density, density and so
on). Some sensors can perform measurements of simple events can be detected using the
ON/OFF switch, input like this are referred to as discrete input or digital input. For
example, to find out if a device is already working (ON) or not (OFF), conveyor already
the road (ON) or not (OFF), the engine was already stirring (ON) or not (OFF), and
others. Several other sensors can perform measurements in complex, where the number
or value of that particular input is particularly important, as these are called analog inputs,
can be used to detect changes continuously on, for example, voltage, current,
temperature, fluid density, and so on. For most analog values, there are certain
restrictions defined before, either the upper limit or lower limits. For example, you want
to maintain a temperature between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius, if the temperature is below
 or above this limit, it will trigger the alarm (sound and/or light). There are four alarm
limits for analog sensors: Major Minor Under, Under, Over, Minor and Major Over the
Alarm.

2. Data communication network

Initially, SCADA do data communication via radio, modem or serial cable special lines.
Currently the SCADA data can be routed through an Ethernet network or TCP/IP. For
security reasons, computer networks for SCADA is a local computer network (LAN-
Local Area Network) without having to expose critical data on the Internet. SCADA
communications is regulated through a Protocol, if antiquity used a special protocol in
accordance with the manufacturers of SCADA, now there are some standard protocols
that set, so no need to worry about the problem of incompatibility of communication
again. Because most sensors and relay control is just a simple power tools, these tools can
not generate or translate the communication protocols. Thus the bridging between the
RTU needed sensors and SCADA networks. RTU change sensor inputs to the
corresponding protocol format and send to the master SCADA, RTU also accepts
commands in the format of the Protocol and provide the appropriate electrical signal to
the relay control is concerned.

3. The presentation of the data

SCADA system status reporting performs a wide range of sensor (analog or digital) via a
special computer which already made its HMI (Human Machine Interface ) or HCI
(Human Computer Interface). Access to the control panel of this can be done locally or
through the website. Even when it's already available panel-the control panel Touch
Screen.

4. Control (process)
We can perform the addition of controls into the SCADA system through the HMI. Can
be made of automation control or automation processes, without human intervention.
 Benefits of SCADA
1. Make it easy for the operator to monitor a whole network without having to look
directly into the field.
2. Ease of maintenance, which require a major blackout.
3. Accelerate the restoration of the disturbance.